Copper Alloy C19000-HR02
Temper · default condition
UNS C19000 · EN CW108C, CuNi1P
HR02 = half hard, cold rolled and stress relieved
The workhorse strip temper: balanced strength, formability and conductivity for connectors, contact springs and lead frames.
Values for the HR02 condition
Other C19000 tempers and conditions
C19000 is listed in 7 conditions; see the grade overview at C19000.
Compare all 7 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Solution heat treated | Softest condition for deep drawing or severe forming before ageing; lowest strength and lowest conductivity because Ni and P are still in solution. | 90 | 275 | 40 | 35 HRB | 30 % IACS |
Solution heat treated and precipitation hardened | Form parts soft, then age at ~450–500 °C to precipitate Ni₃P — good strength with the alloy's highest conductivity and full ductility retention. | 310 | 400 | 18 | 68 HRB | 48 % IACS |
Quarter hard, cold rolled and stress relieved | Light cold work plus stress relief; choose when moderate strength must be combined with substantial bending formability. | 380 | 425 | 13 | 72 HRB | 45 % IACS |
HR02DefaultThis page Half hard, cold rolled and stress relieved | The workhorse strip temper: balanced strength, formability and conductivity for connectors, contact springs and lead frames. | 448 | 483 | 8 | 78 HRB | 43 % IACS |
Full hard, cold rolled and stress relieved | High-strength strip for flat springs and stamped contacts where bends are gentle and mostly with the grain. | 517 | 552 | 5 | 84 HRB | 42 % IACS |
Spring temper, cold rolled and stress relieved | Spring temper for relay blades and contact fingers needing high elastic limit and low stress relaxation at moderate temperature. | 586 | 620 | 3 | 89 HRB | 41 % IACS |
Extra spring temper, cold rolled and stress relieved | Maximum strength temper for thin, flat, lightly formed springs; very limited bend formability, form only with generous radii along the grain. | 640 | 670 | 2 | 93 HRB | 40 % IACS |
What is C19000-HR02?
C19000-HR02 is C19000 in the HR02 temper — the workhorse strip temper: balanced strength, formability and conductivity for connectors, contact springs and lead frames. C19000-HR02 has a yield strength of 448 MPa (65 ksi) and a tensile strength of 483 MPa (70.1 ksi) — stronger than 85% of copper alloy grades. Elongation at break is 8% and the elastic modulus is 125 GPa (18.1 Msi). C19000-HR02 has a density of 8.89 g/cm³ (0.321 lb/in³), heavier than 72% of copper alloy grades. It melts at 1,075°C (1,967 °F).
Advantages
- High strength — 448 MPa (65 ksi), better than 85% of copper alloy grades
- Conducts heat well — 180 W/m·K (104 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 75% of copper alloy grades
- High electrical conductivity — 43 % IACS, better than 75% of copper alloy grades
Limitations
- Difficult to machine — 25/100, worse than 86% of copper alloy grades
- Limited ductility — 8%, worse than 83% of copper alloy grades
C19000-HR02 properties
Typical room-temperature values for C19000-HR02; 13 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are C19000 reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among copper alloy grades.
Physical3
C19000-HR02 has a density of 8.89 g/cm³ (0.321 lb/in³), heavier than 72% of copper alloy grades. It melts at 1,075°C (1,967 °F).
Mechanical11
C19000-HR02 has a yield strength of 448 MPa (65 ksi) and a tensile strength of 483 MPa (70.1 ksi) — stronger than 85% of copper alloy grades. Elongation at break is 8% and the elastic modulus is 125 GPa (18.1 Msi).
Thermal6
C19000-HR02 is rated for continuous service to 200°C (392 °F). It conducts heat at 180 W/m·K (104 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 75% of copper alloy grades. Thermal expansion is 17.6 µm/m·K (9.78 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
C19000-HR02 conducts electricity at 43 % IACS, better than 75% of copper alloy grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is good (58/100), worse than 76% of copper alloy grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of C19000-HR02 takes about 57 MJ of energy and emits 3.8 kg of CO₂ — less than 52% of copper alloy grades. Typical recycled content is 35%.
Manufacturability8
C19000-HR02's machinability is poor (25/100, worse than 86% of copper alloy grades); weldability good (55/100); formability good (55/100).
Common Calculations5
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with C19000-HR02
Is C19000 easy to machine?
Gummy and low-rated (~20 % of free-cutting brass); use sharp positive-rake tools, high speed, light feeds and generous coolant, or buy near-net stamped strip.
Can C19000 be welded?
Solders and brazes very well; GTAW/GMAW possible with Cu-Ni or deoxidised-Cu filler but the heat-affected zone over-ages and loses strength — resistance welding is poor.
Can C19000 be formed, bent or molded?
Form in TB00/TF00 or the lower HR tempers; hard tempers need bend radii ≥1–2 t with the grain and should be aged/stress-relieved after severe forming.
What surface finishes work on C19000?
Not anodisable; tin, silver, nickel or gold plating is standard for contacts, and it takes a bright mechanical polish but tarnishes without a lacquer or plated finish.
C19000 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| Niforms Ni₃P precipitates on ageing | 0.9 – 1.3 | 1.1 |
| P | 0.15 – 0.35 | 0.25 |
| Zn | ≤ 0.2 | — |
| Pb | ≤ 0.05 | — |
| Fe | ≤ 0.05 | — |
| CuCu + named elements ≥ 99.5 %, Ag countable as Cu | balance | — |
C19000-HR02 — frequently asked
What is C19000-HR02 used for?
C19000-HR02 is typically used for electrical connectors, springs and contacts and relay parts. In short: age-hardening copper spring alloy; 43% IACS after aging; lower-cost precipitation copper.
What is the yield strength of C19000-HR02?
C19000-HR02 has a typical yield strength of 448 MPa (65 ksi) and a tensile strength of 483 MPa (70.1 ksi) — stronger than 85% of copper alloy grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 7 listed tempers.
Is C19000-HR02 easy to machine?
Not especially — machinability is rated poor (25/100, worse than 86% of copper alloy grades). Gummy and low-rated (~20 % of free-cutting brass); use sharp positive-rake tools, high speed, light feeds and generous coolant, or buy near-net stamped strip.
Can C19000-HR02 be welded?
Yes — weldability is rated good (55/100). Solders and brazes very well; GTAW/GMAW possible with Cu-Ni or deoxidised-Cu filler but the heat-affected zone over-ages and loses strength — resistance welding is poor.
What surface finishes work on C19000-HR02?
Not anodisable; tin, silver, nickel or gold plating is standard for contacts, and it takes a bright mechanical polish but tarnishes without a lacquer or plated finish.
Can C19000-HR02 be formed, bent or molded?
Form in TB00/TF00 or the lower HR tempers; hard tempers need bend radii ≥1–2 t with the grain and should be aged/stress-relieved after severe forming.
What is the maximum service temperature of C19000-HR02?
C19000-HR02 is rated for continuous use to about 200°C (392 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between C19000-HR02 and C19000-TB00?
HR02 is the default condition — the workhorse strip temper: balanced strength, formability and conductivity for connectors, contact springs and lead frames. TB00: softest condition for deep drawing or severe forming before ageing; lowest strength and lowest conductivity because Ni and P are still in solution. Yield strength is 448 MPa in HR02 versus 90 MPa in TB00.
Sources
- ASTM B888/B888M — Copper Alloy Strip for Electrical Connectors — ASTM International (2020)
- EN 1654 / EN 12163 — CuNi1P (CW108C) wrought copper alloys — CEN (2019)
- CDA Alloy Database, C19000 datasheet — Copper Development Association (2023)
- ASM Handbook Vol. 2 — Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- ASM Handbook Vol. 13B — Corrosion: Materials — ASM International (2005)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.