Steel Y35-N (Normalized)
Heat-treated state
GB Y35
Uniform fine pearlitic structure with good machined-surface finish; typical pre-treatment before Q&T of forgings.
Values for the N condition
Other Y35 tempers and conditions
Y35 is listed in 8 conditions; see the grade overview at Y35.
Compare all 8 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hot rolled | Cheapest stock form for larger diameters that will be fully machined or later heat treated. | 340 | 570 | 18 | 175 HB | — |
Solution annealed | Softest condition — use before heavy cold forming or deep drilling/broaching operations. | 345 | 585 | 27 | 174 HB | — |
NThis page Normalized | Uniform fine pearlitic structure with good machined-surface finish; typical pre-treatment before Q&T of forgings. | 400 | 670 | 22 | 197 HB | — |
Cold drawn, stress relieved | Choose when long slender parts must stay straight after heavy asymmetric machining. | 500 | 615 | 13 | 11 HRC | 9.5 % IACS |
CDDefault Cold drawn | Default stock for automatic-lathe work: tight tolerance, bright surface, best chip control and highest as-supplied strength. | 540 | 640 | 10 | 197 HB | — |
quenched and tempered (high temper) | Balanced strength/toughness condition for medium-duty shafts and studs that still need easy finish machining. | 660 | 830 | 20 | 24 HRC | — |
Induction hardened | Use for journals and splines needing 45–55 HRC wear surface on a tough machined core. | 720 | 900 | 15 | 50 HRC | 8.6 % IACS |
quenched and tempered (medium temper) | Higher-strength shaft/fastener condition where wear and fatigue matter more than machining ease. | 800 | 965 | 16 | 30 HRC | — |
What is Y35-N?
Y35-N is Y35 heat treated to N — uniform fine pearlitic structure with good machined-surface finish; typical pre-treatment before Q&T of forgings. Y35-N has a yield strength of 400 MPa (58 ksi) and a tensile strength of 670 MPa (97.2 ksi) — weaker than 60% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 22% and the elastic modulus is 205 GPa (29.7 Msi). Y35-N has a density of 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³), heavier than 56% of steel grades. It melts at 1,420°C (2,588 °F). CD is the default condition FabDigit quotes; N is available on request or by drawing note.
Advantages
- Easy to machine — 78/100, better than 97% of steel grades
- Low embodied carbon — 1.9 kg CO₂/kg, better than 92% of steel grades
- High electrical conductivity — 9.5 % IACS, better than 75% of steel grades
Limitations
- Hard to polish — 40/100, worse than 96% of steel grades
- Difficult to weld — 22/100, worse than 81% of steel grades
Y35-N properties
Typical room-temperature values for Y35-N; 10 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are Y35 reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among steel grades.
Physical3
Y35-N has a density of 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³), heavier than 56% of steel grades. It melts at 1,420°C (2,588 °F).
Mechanical14
Y35-N has a yield strength of 400 MPa (58 ksi) and a tensile strength of 670 MPa (97.2 ksi) — weaker than 60% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 22% and the elastic modulus is 205 GPa (29.7 Msi).
Thermal6
Y35-N is rated for continuous service to 350°C (662 °F). It conducts heat at 47 W/m·K (27.2 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 75% of steel grades. Thermal expansion is 11.7 µm/m·K (6.5 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
Y35-N conducts electricity at 9.5 % IACS, better than 75% of steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is not recommended (10/100), worse than 86% of steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of Y35-N takes about 25 MJ of energy and emits 1.9 kg of CO₂ — less than 82% of steel grades. Typical recycled content is 30%.
Manufacturability7
Y35-N's machinability is very good (78/100, better than 97% of steel grades); weldability poor (22/100); formability poor (28/100).
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with Y35-N
Is Y35 easy to machine?
Excellent free-cutting behaviour on screw machines and CNC lathes — short chips, high speeds with carbide (150–250 m/min), but keep feeds up to avoid rubbing and expect duller surfaces than Y12 due to higher carbon.
Can Y35 be welded?
Not recommended: 0.18–0.30 % S causes hot cracking and porosity; if unavoidable use low-hydrogen consumables, preheat 200–260 °C and accept reduced joint properties.
Can Y35 be formed, bent or molded?
Only light cold forming/bending — sulfide stringers give strong directionality and low transverse ductility; hot forge at 1100–1200 °C and avoid finishing below 850 °C.
What surface finishes work on Y35?
Requires protection: zinc/black-oxide/phosphate or nickel plating are standard; sulfide inclusions cause pitting on mirror polish and can slightly stain plated finishes.
Y35 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| CGB/T 8731-2008 | 0.32 – 0.4 | 0.36 |
| Si | 0.15 – 0.35 | 0.25 |
| Mn | 0.7 – 1 | 0.85 |
| Sintentional, forms MnS chip breakers | 0.18 – 0.3 | 0.24 |
| P | ≤ 0.06 | 0.04 |
| Crresidual | ≤ 0.15 | — |
| Niresidual | ≤ 0.25 | — |
| Curesidual | ≤ 0.25 | — |
| Fe | balance | — |
Y35-N — frequently asked
What is Y35-N used for?
Y35-N is typically used for shafts, bolts and automotive fasteners. In short: machinability 78 at 0.35 % C; free-cutting 1137 equivalent; hardens to 32 HRC.
What is the yield strength of Y35-N?
Y35-N has a typical yield strength of 400 MPa (58 ksi) and a tensile strength of 670 MPa (97.2 ksi) — weaker than 60% of steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 8 listed tempers.
Is Y35-N easy to machine?
Yes — machinability is rated very good (78/100, better than 97% of steel grades). Excellent free-cutting behaviour on screw machines and CNC lathes — short chips, high speeds with carbide (150–250 m/min), but keep feeds up to avoid rubbing and expect duller surfaces than Y12 due to higher carbon.
Can Y35-N be welded?
Not readily — weldability is rated poor (22/100). Not recommended: 0.18–0.30 % S causes hot cracking and porosity; if unavoidable use low-hydrogen consumables, preheat 200–260 °C and accept reduced joint properties.
What surface finishes work on Y35-N?
Requires protection: zinc/black-oxide/phosphate or nickel plating are standard; sulfide inclusions cause pitting on mirror polish and can slightly stain plated finishes.
Can Y35-N be formed, bent or molded?
Only light cold forming/bending — sulfide stringers give strong directionality and low transverse ductility; hot forge at 1100–1200 °C and avoid finishing below 850 °C.
What is the maximum service temperature of Y35-N?
Y35-N is rated for continuous use to about 350°C (662 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between Y35-CD and Y35-HR?
CD is the default condition — default stock for automatic-lathe work: tight tolerance, bright surface, best chip control and highest as-supplied strength. HR: cheapest stock form for larger diameters that will be fully machined or later heat treated. Yield strength is 540 MPa in CD versus 340 MPa in HR.
Sources
- ASTM A29/A29M — Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought — ASTM (2020)
- ASM Handbook Vol.1: Properties and Selection — Irons, Steels, and High-Performance Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- ASM Handbook Vol.16: Machining — ASM International (1989)
- ASM Handbook Vol.4: Heat Treating — ASM International (1991)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.