Stainless Steel 410Cb Annealed
Temper · default condition
UNS S41040 · AISI/SAE XM-30
Standard stock condition for bar, plate and forgings: softest, most machinable and formable, ready for subsequent hardening.
Values for the Annealed condition
Other 410Cb tempers and conditions
410Cb is listed in 6 conditions; see the grade overview at 410Cb.
Compare all 6 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AnnealedDefaultThis page subcritical/full anneal, soft ferritic + carbide condition | Standard stock condition for bar, plate and forgings: softest, most machinable and formable, ready for subsequent hardening. | 290 | 490 | 25 | 170 HB | — |
Normalized and tempered | Used for heavy forgings and weldments where full oil quenching risks distortion or cracking but medium strength is required. | 450 | 655 | 20 | 18 HRC | — |
Cold drawn | Choose for straight, close-tolerance bright bar and wire where modest strength gain and better surface finish are wanted without hardening. | 500 | 640 | 15 | 200 HB | — |
double tempered for sour-service hardness cap | Specify when NACE MR0175/ISO 15156-type sour service or H2S/SSC resistance caps hardness at 22 HRC. | 585 | 740 | 20 | 21 HRC | — |
Quenched and tempered | General-purpose hardened condition for valve trim, shafts, pump parts and fasteners needing strength plus reasonable toughness and corrosion behaviour. | 620 | 790 | 18 | 23 HRC | — |
Q&T high strength | Choose for wear parts, cutlery-type blades and hard seats where maximum hardness matters more than impact toughness; avoid 400–550 °C tempering (temper embrittlement). | 1,050 | 1,350 | 12 | 43 HRC | — |
What is 410Cb Annealed?
410Cb Annealed is 410Cb in the Annealed temper — standard stock condition for bar, plate and forgings: softest, most machinable and formable, ready for subsequent hardening. 410Cb Annealed has a yield strength of 290 MPa (42.1 ksi) and a tensile strength of 490 MPa (71.1 ksi) — weaker than 72% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 25% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi). 410Cb Annealed has a density of 7.75 g/cm³ (0.28 lb/in³), lighter than 65% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,480°C (2,696 °F).
Advantages
- High electrical conductivity — 3 % IACS, better than 95% of stainless steel grades
- Low embodied carbon — 3.2 kg CO₂/kg, better than 95% of stainless steel grades
- Easy to machine — 50/100, better than 90% of stainless steel grades
- Conducts heat well — 24.9 W/m·K (14.4 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 87% of stainless steel grades
Limitations
- Needs corrosion protection — 33/100, worse than 98% of stainless steel grades
- Low fracture toughness — 90 MPa·√m (81.9 ksi·√in), worse than 75% of stainless steel grades
410Cb Annealed properties
Typical room-temperature values for 410Cb Annealed; 18 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are 410Cb reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among stainless steel grades.
Physical3
410Cb Annealed has a density of 7.75 g/cm³ (0.28 lb/in³), lighter than 65% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,480°C (2,696 °F).
Mechanical16
410Cb Annealed has a yield strength of 290 MPa (42.1 ksi) and a tensile strength of 490 MPa (71.1 ksi) — weaker than 72% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 25% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi).
Thermal6
410Cb Annealed is rated for continuous service to 650°C (1,202 °F). It conducts heat at 24.9 W/m·K (14.4 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 87% of stainless steel grades. Thermal expansion is 9.9 µm/m·K (5.5 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
410Cb Annealed conducts electricity at 3 % IACS, better than 95% of stainless steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is poor (33/100), worse than 98% of stainless steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of 410Cb Annealed takes about 45 MJ of energy and emits 3.2 kg of CO₂ — less than 91% of stainless steel grades. Typical recycled content is 60%.
Manufacturability7
410Cb Annealed's machinability is fair (50/100, better than 90% of stainless steel grades); weldability good (60/100); formability fair (50/100).
Common Calculations5
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with 410Cb Annealed
Is 410Cb easy to machine?
Machine in the annealed or ≤26 HRC tempered condition with sharp, rigid tooling, positive rake carbide and generous coolant; gummy chips and work hardening are the main issues — 410Cb cuts at roughly half the rate of 1212 free-cutting steel.
Can 410Cb be welded?
The main reason to choose this grade: Nb stabilization prevents HAZ chromium-carbide sensitization, but martensite still forms — preheat 200–300 °C, use 410/410NiMo or austenitic 309 filler, and post-weld temper ~700–760 °C for toughness.
Can 410Cb be formed, bent or molded?
Cold form only in the annealed condition with generous bend radii (≥2t); hot work 1150–1200 °C and cool slowly to avoid quench cracks, then always anneal or temper after hot working.
What surface finishes work on 410Cb?
Passivate per ASTM A967 (nitric or citric) after machining; can be electropolished, hard-chrome plated or nitrided; polishes to a good mirror finish in the hardened condition — never leave free iron or scale on the surface.
410Cb chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| C0.15 max per UNS S41040 | ≤ 0.15 | 0.1 |
| Mn | ≤ 1 | 0.6 |
| Si | ≤ 1 | 0.5 |
| P | ≤ 0.04 | 0.03 |
| S | ≤ 0.03 | 0.01 |
| Cr | 11.5 – 13.5 | 12.5 |
| Niresidual limit typical of mill practice | ≤ 0.75 | 0.35 |
| Nbcolumbium (Cb) stabilizer — ties up carbon as NbC | 0.05 – 0.3 | 0.15 |
| Fe | balance | — |
410Cb Annealed — frequently asked
What is 410Cb Annealed used for?
410Cb Annealed is typically used for welded pump and valve components, petrochemical equipment and flanges. In short: weldable 410 variant; sensitization-resistant HAZ; service to 650 °C.
What is the yield strength of 410Cb Annealed?
410Cb Annealed has a typical yield strength of 290 MPa (42.1 ksi) and a tensile strength of 490 MPa (71.1 ksi) — weaker than 72% of stainless steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 6 listed tempers.
Is 410Cb Annealed easy to machine?
Reasonably — machinability is rated fair (50/100, better than 90% of stainless steel grades). Machine in the annealed or ≤26 HRC tempered condition with sharp, rigid tooling, positive rake carbide and generous coolant; gummy chips and work hardening are the main issues — 410Cb cuts at roughly half the rate of 1212 free-cutting steel.
Can 410Cb Annealed be welded?
Yes — weldability is rated good (60/100). The main reason to choose this grade: Nb stabilization prevents HAZ chromium-carbide sensitization, but martensite still forms — preheat 200–300 °C, use 410/410NiMo or austenitic 309 filler, and post-weld temper ~700–760 °C for toughness.
What surface finishes work on 410Cb Annealed?
Passivate per ASTM A967 (nitric or citric) after machining; can be electropolished, hard-chrome plated or nitrided; polishes to a good mirror finish in the hardened condition — never leave free iron or scale on the surface.
Can 410Cb Annealed be formed, bent or molded?
Cold form only in the annealed condition with generous bend radii (≥2t); hot work 1150–1200 °C and cool slowly to avoid quench cracks, then always anneal or temper after hot working.
What is the maximum service temperature of 410Cb Annealed?
410Cb Annealed is rated for continuous use to about 650°C (1,202 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between 410Cb Annealed and 410Cb-CD?
Annealed is the default condition — standard stock condition for bar, plate and forgings: softest, most machinable and formable, ready for subsequent hardening. CD: choose for straight, close-tolerance bright bar and wire where modest strength gain and better surface finish are wanted without hardening. Yield strength is 290 MPa in Annealed versus 500 MPa in CD.
Sources
- ASTM A276/A276M Stainless Steel Bars and Shapes — ASTM International (2023)
- ASTM A479/A479M Stainless Steel Bars and Shapes for Pressure Vessels — ASTM International (2020)
- SAE/ASTM Unified Numbering System (UNS S41040, XM-30) — SAE International / ASTM (2017)
- ASM Specialty Handbook: Stainless Steels — ASM International (1994)
- ASM Handbook Vol.1: Properties and Selection — Irons, Steels, and High-Performance Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- Machinery's Handbook (machinability ratings for stainless grades) — Industrial Press (2020)
- NACE MR0175/ISO 15156-3 (hardness limits for martensitic stainless in sour service) — NACE/ISO (2020)
- SMM / Mysteel — SMM / Mysteel (2025)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.