Titanium Ti-10-2-3
UNS R56410 · GB TB6 · also 4983, 4984
Ti-10-2-3 (Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al, UNS R56410, AMS 4983/4984, TB6) is a near-beta titanium alloy with excellent hot forgeability and deep hardenability through heavy sections.
Values for the O condition
Ti-10-2-3 tempers and conditions
Ti-10-2-3 is supplied in 6 conditions, soft to hard. O is the default FabDigit quotes; the values on this page are for it.
Compare all 6 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Solution annealed | Pick when parts must be cold/warm formed, straightened or heavily machined before ageing to final strength. | 840 | 910 | 18 | 29 HRC | — |
ODefault Annealed | Standard mill-supplied bar/billet condition: moderate strength, best machinability and stock stability before customer solution treat + age. | 930 | 1,000 | 12 | 32 HRC | — |
Solution treated and overaged | Overaged/stabilised condition used where dimensional stability and ductility matter more than peak strength. | 1,020 | 1,100 | 12 | 36 HRC | 1.2 % IACS |
Solution treated and aged, high-toughness | Choose for damage-tolerance-critical thick forgings where K_IC and fatigue-crack-growth resistance dominate over peak strength. | 1,090 | 1,170 | 10 | 38 HRC | 1.2 % IACS |
Solution treated and aged | The standard service condition for landing-gear and high-load structural forgings — best overall strength/toughness balance. | 1,170 | 1,250 | 8 | 40 HRC | — |
Solution treated and aged, high-strength | Choose for weight-critical, strength-driven fittings where lower fracture toughness and ductility are acceptable. | 1,220 | 1,310 | 7 | 42 HRC | — |
What is Ti-10-2-3?
Ti-10-2-3 (Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al, UNS R56410, AMS 4983/4984, TB6) is a near-beta titanium alloy with excellent hot forgeability and deep hardenability through heavy sections. It is used mainly for large aerospace structural forgings and machined fittings, delivering 930 MPa yield, 1000 MPa tensile, 12% elongation, 32 HRC and a 110 GPa modulus in the default condition, with solution-treated and aged variants on file for higher strength. Service is limited to about 300 °C, machinability is very poor (score 20) and formability is low (score 30); welded joints need post-weld solution treat and age. Ti-5553 is the nearest alternative where a better toughness-strength balance is required. Ti-10-2-3 has a density of 4.65 g/cm³ (0.168 lb/in³), heavier than 90% of titanium grades. It melts at 1,600°C (2,912 °F). Ti-10-2-3 has a yield strength of 930 MPa (135 ksi) and a tensile strength of 1,000 MPa (145 ksi) — stronger than 86% of titanium grades. Elongation at break is 12% and the elastic modulus is 110 GPa (16 Msi).
What is Ti-10-2-3 used for?
- Aerospace landing gear forgings
- Airframe structural fittings
- Helicopter rotor hub components
- Actuator bodies and clevises
- High-strength fasteners
- Wing-to-body attachment fittings
- Torsion and coil springs
Advantages
- Tough — resists crack growth — 85 MPa·√m (77.4 ksi·√in), better than 91% of titanium grades
- High strength — 930 MPa (135 ksi), better than 86% of titanium grades
Limitations
- Difficult to weld — 40/100, worse than 94% of titanium grades
- Limited ductility — 12%, worse than 78% of titanium grades
Ti-10-2-3 properties
Typical room-temperature values for Ti-10-2-3-O; bars are the position among titanium grades.
Physical3
Ti-10-2-3 has a density of 4.65 g/cm³ (0.168 lb/in³), heavier than 90% of titanium grades. It melts at 1,600°C (2,912 °F).
Mechanical14
Ti-10-2-3 has a yield strength of 930 MPa (135 ksi) and a tensile strength of 1,000 MPa (145 ksi) — stronger than 86% of titanium grades. Elongation at break is 12% and the elastic modulus is 110 GPa (16 Msi).
Thermal6
Ti-10-2-3 is rated for continuous service to 300°C (572 °F). It conducts heat at 7.8 W/m·K (4.51 BTU/hr·ft·°F), worse than 53% of titanium grades. Thermal expansion is 9 µm/m·K (5 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
Ti-10-2-3 conducts electricity at 1.2 % IACS, worse than 55% of titanium grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is excellent (85/100), worse than 93% of titanium grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of Ti-10-2-3 takes about 650 MJ of energy and emits 40 kg of CO₂ — less than 75% of titanium grades. Typical recycled content is 25%.
Manufacturability8
Ti-10-2-3's machinability is poor (20/100, worse than 68% of titanium grades); weldability fair (40/100); formability poor (30/100).
Common Calculations5
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Certified mill or lot data ships with every FabDigit order on request.
Strength versus weight in the titanium family
Yield strength against density for every titanium grade FabDigit runs. Ti-10-2-3 is highlighted; hover a dot for its name, or open the interactive family chart.
Working with Ti-10-2-3
Is Ti-10-2-3 easy to machine?
Machine like a hard β-Ti alloy: rigid setups, sharp uncoated-carbide or coated carbide, low surface speed (~20–35 m/min in STA), heavy positive rake, high-pressure flood coolant, never dwell — work hardening and heat build-up cause rapid tool wear and smearing.
Can Ti-10-2-3 be welded?
GTAW/EBW possible with full inert-gas or vacuum shielding and matching filler, but the weld/HAZ loses ductility and toughness; post-weld solution treat + age is required for structural joints, so most aerospace parts are mechanically fastened.
Can Ti-10-2-3 be formed, bent or molded?
Primarily a forging alloy — excellent hot workability just below the ~800 °C β transus with tightly controlled finish temperature and cooling rate; cold forming only in the solution-treated (soft) condition, then age to final strength.
Manufacturability
The process limits FabDigit's quote engine applies to Ti-10-2-3. Design inside these and the part quotes instantly; outside them it routes to an engineer.
CNC machining
| Machinability | Fair20 / 100 |
|---|---|
| ISO material group | S.3 |
| Cutting speed (rough / finish) | 60 / 75 m/min |
| Minimum wall | 1 mm |
| Minimum internal radius | 1.5 mm |
| Drill depth limit | 4× diameter |
| Best surface (machined / polished) | Ra 1.6 / — |
| Hardenable after machining | No |
Sheet metal
| Formability | Better30 / 100 |
|---|---|
| Weldability | Fair40 / 100 |
| Bendable | Yes |
Ti-10-2-3 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| Alα stabiliser | 2.6 – 3.4 | 3 |
| Vβ stabiliser | 9 – 11 | 10 |
| Festrong β stabiliser / eutectoid former | 1.6 – 2.2 | 2 |
| Ointerstitial, controls strength and toughness | ≤ 0.13 | 0.11 |
| N | ≤ 0.05 | |
| C | ≤ 0.05 | |
| H0.0125 max typical for forgings | ≤ 0.02 | |
| Y | ≤ 0.01 | |
| Other, each | ≤ 0.1 | |
| Other, total | ≤ 0.4 | |
| Ti | balance |
What surface finishes work on Ti-10-2-3?
Shot peen or glass-bead peen highly loaded surfaces; anodize (Type II/colour) or chemically convert for ID and galling control; avoid chlorinated cleaners and cadmium/hydrogen-charging plating processes, and use titanium-safe pickling to prevent hydrogen pickup.
Surface treatments FabDigit runs on titanium parts — pick them in the quote configurator or call them out on the drawing. Each links to its datasheet in the surface-finish library (thickness, specs, call-out, material verdicts).
Passivation
Conversion Coating
Organic Coating
CVD Coating
Thermal Spray
Equivalent designations
Standards and trade names that resolve to Titanium Ti-10-2-3 in FabDigit's catalog. Equivalence is nominal — check the exact specification when certification matters.
- UNS
- R56410
- GB (China)
- TB6
- Trade names
- 49834984
How much does Ti-10-2-3 cost?
Ti-10-2-3 is a specialty-cost titanium ($$$$$), pricier than about 99% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
Ti-10-2-3 — frequently asked
What is Ti-10-2-3 used for?
Ti-10-2-3 is typically used for aerospace landing gear forgings, airframe structural fittings, helicopter rotor hub components, actuator bodies and clevises, high-strength fasteners and wing-to-body attachment fittings. In short: high-strength β titanium.
What is the yield strength of Ti-10-2-3?
Ti-10-2-3 has a typical yield strength of 930 MPa (135 ksi) and a tensile strength of 1,000 MPa (145 ksi) — stronger than 86% of titanium grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 6 listed tempers.
Is Ti-10-2-3 easy to machine?
Not especially — machinability is rated poor (20/100, worse than 68% of titanium grades). Machine like a hard β-Ti alloy: rigid setups, sharp uncoated-carbide or coated carbide, low surface speed (~20–35 m/min in STA), heavy positive rake, high-pressure flood coolant, never dwell — work hardening and heat build-up cause rapid tool wear and smearing.
Can Ti-10-2-3 be welded?
With care — weldability is rated fair (40/100). GTAW/EBW possible with full inert-gas or vacuum shielding and matching filler, but the weld/HAZ loses ductility and toughness; post-weld solution treat + age is required for structural joints, so most aerospace parts are mechanically fastened.
What surface finishes work on Ti-10-2-3?
Shot peen or glass-bead peen highly loaded surfaces; anodize (Type II/colour) or chemically convert for ID and galling control; avoid chlorinated cleaners and cadmium/hydrogen-charging plating processes, and use titanium-safe pickling to prevent hydrogen pickup.
Can Ti-10-2-3 be formed, bent or molded?
Primarily a forging alloy — excellent hot workability just below the ~800 °C β transus with tightly controlled finish temperature and cooling rate; cold forming only in the solution-treated (soft) condition, then age to final strength.
What is the maximum service temperature of Ti-10-2-3?
Ti-10-2-3 is rated for continuous use to about 300°C (572 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between Ti-10-2-3-O and Ti-10-2-3 STA-HS?
O is the default condition — standard mill-supplied bar/billet condition: moderate strength, best machinability and stock stability before customer solution treat + age. STA-HS: choose for weight-critical, strength-driven fittings where lower fracture toughness and ductility are acceptable. Yield strength is 930 MPa in O versus 1,220 MPa in STA-HS.
How much does Ti-10-2-3 cost?
Ti-10-2-3 is a specialty-cost titanium ($$$$$), pricier than about 99% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
Can FabDigit make parts in Ti-10-2-3?
Yes — Ti-10-2-3 is available for CNC machining and sheet metal with instant online pricing. Upload a STEP file to get a price and a DFM check.
Sources
- AMS 4983 — Titanium Alloy Forgings, 10V-2Fe-3Al, Solution Heat Treated and Aged — SAE International (2018)
- AMS 4984 — Ti 10V-2Fe-3Al Forgings, STA, High Toughness — SAE International (2018)
- AMS 4986 — Ti 10V-2Fe-3Al Forgings, STA, High Strength — SAE International (2018)
- AMS 4987 — Ti 10V-2Fe-3Al Bar and Billet, Annealed — SAE International (2017)
- Materials Properties Handbook: Titanium Alloys — ASM International (1994)
- ASM Handbook Vol. 2 — Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- TIMETAL 10-2-3 alloy data sheet — TIMET (2020)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison; hardness values on non-Brinell scales are converted approximately for charting only. Manufacturability limits are FabDigit quote-engine defaults and may be relaxed by engineering review. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.