Steel A536 65-45-12
ASTM A536 65-45-12 · EN EN-GJS-450-10, GGG45 · JIS FCD450 · GB QT450-10 · ISO 1083 JS/450-10
ASTM A536 65-45-12 is a mainly ferritic ductile (nodular) iron with spheroidal graphite (EN-GJS-450-10, FCD450, QT450-10, GGG45, 0.7043) and the workhorse grade of the family.
Reference datasheet — A536 65-45-12 is not in the instant-quote catalog. Upload your part and an engineer will quote it in this grade or suggest the closest stocked equivalent.
Values for the 65-45-12 condition
A536 65-45-12 tempers and conditions
A536 65-45-12 is supplied in 9 conditions, soft to hard. 65-45-12 is the default FabDigit quotes; the values on this page are for it.
Compare all 9 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Annealed ferritic ductile iron | Pick when maximum ductility, impact toughness and weld/repair tolerance matter more than strength (pressure fittings, low-temperature service, safety parts). | 300 | 450 | 22 | 150 HB | 36 W/m·K |
Ferritic ductile iron, as-cast/annealed | Use when 60 ksi tensile with a slightly higher yield is wanted and 10 % elongation is sufficient; common for as-cast thin-wall ferritic parts. | 310 | 455 | 13 | 160 HB | 35 W/m·K |
Ferritic ductile iron with enhanced ductility | Choose when the 65 ksi/45 ksi strength level must be met together with 15 % minimum elongation, e.g. impact- or seismic-loaded fittings. | 330 | 480 | 18 | 165 HB | 36 W/m·K |
65-45-12Default Ferritic ductile iron, as-cast or annealed | The default workhorse: balanced 450 MPa strength with ~12 % elongation for valve bodies, housings, pipe fittings and general machinery castings. | 340 | 480 | 14 | 170 HB | 35 W/m·K |
Ferritic-pearlitic ductile iron | Step up in strength and wear resistance when only ~5 % elongation is needed — pump bodies, gear housings, crank arms. | 380 | 540 | 7 | 200 HB | 34 W/m·K |
Pearlitic-ferritic ductile iron, as-cast or normalized | Common automotive/agricultural grade when higher strength and section wear resistance are needed with moderate 6 % ductility. | 420 | 600 | 8 | 20 HRC | 33 W/m·K |
Pearlitic ductile iron | Use for higher yield strength and better wear in gears, rolls and hydraulic bodies where only 3 % elongation is required. | 440 | 640 | 4 | 22 HRC | 32 W/m·K |
Normalized or quenched-and-tempered pearlitic ductile iron | Heat-treated high-strength grade for crankshafts, gears and heavily loaded links; requires rigid tooling and lower cutting speeds. | 520 | 750 | 4 | 26 HRC | 32 W/m·K |
Oil-quenched and tempered martensitic ductile iron | Highest strength A536 grade, used for high-load gears, sprockets and wear parts; ductility and impact toughness are minimal and machining is difficult. | 700 | 900 | 3 | 34 HRC | 30 W/m·K |
What is A536 65-45-12?
ASTM A536 65-45-12 is a mainly ferritic ductile (nodular) iron with spheroidal graphite (EN-GJS-450-10, FCD450, QT450-10, GGG45, 0.7043) and the workhorse grade of the family. It delivers 480 MPa tensile, 340 MPa yield, 14 % elongation, 170 HB and a 169 GPa modulus, so it carries shock and bending loads that gray iron cannot, in sand, no-bake and shell castings up to 350 °C. Weldability is poor (score 35) and corrosion resistance is low (score 15), so coatings are required. Choose 60-40-18 for maximum ductility or 80-55-06 and 100-70-03 when higher strength is needed. A536 65-45-12 has a density of 7.1 g/cm³ (0.257 lb/in³), lighter than 99% of steel grades. It melts at 1,150°C (2,102 °F). A536 65-45-12 has a yield strength of 340 MPa (49.3 ksi) and a tensile strength of 480 MPa (69.6 ksi) — weaker than 76% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 14% and the elastic modulus is 169 GPa (24.5 Msi).
What is A536 65-45-12 used for?
- pipe fittings
- gears
- crankshafts
- housings
- agricultural parts
Advantages
- Low embodied carbon — 1.7 kg CO₂/kg, better than 99% of steel grades
- Easy to machine — 68/100, better than 95% of steel grades
Limitations
- Low stiffness — 169 GPa (24.5 Msi), worse than 97% of steel grades
- Low electrical conductivity — 2.9 % IACS, worse than 93% of steel grades
- Limited formability — 15/100, worse than 87% of steel grades
- Low fracture toughness — 55 MPa·√m (50.1 ksi·√in), worse than 82% of steel grades
- Low strength — 340 MPa (49.3 ksi), worse than 76% of steel grades
A536 65-45-12 properties
Typical room-temperature values for A536 65-45-12-65-45-12; bars are the position among steel grades.
Physical3
A536 65-45-12 has a density of 7.1 g/cm³ (0.257 lb/in³), lighter than 99% of steel grades. It melts at 1,150°C (2,102 °F).
Mechanical15
A536 65-45-12 has a yield strength of 340 MPa (49.3 ksi) and a tensile strength of 480 MPa (69.6 ksi) — weaker than 76% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 14% and the elastic modulus is 169 GPa (24.5 Msi).
Thermal6
A536 65-45-12 is rated for continuous service to 350°C (662 °F). It conducts heat at 35 W/m·K (20.2 BTU/hr·ft·°F), worse than 75% of steel grades. Thermal expansion is 12 µm/m·K (6.67 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
A536 65-45-12 conducts electricity at 2.9 % IACS, worse than 93% of steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is poor (15/100), better than 75% of steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of A536 65-45-12 takes about 21 MJ of energy and emits 1.7 kg of CO₂ — less than 99% of steel grades. Typical recycled content is 85%.
Manufacturability8
A536 65-45-12's machinability is good (68/100, better than 95% of steel grades); weldability fair (35/100); formability poor (15/100).
Common Calculations5
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Certified mill or lot data ships with every FabDigit order on request.
Strength versus weight in the steel family
Yield strength against density for every steel grade FabDigit runs. A536 65-45-12 is highlighted; hover a dot for its name, or open the interactive family chart.
Working with A536 65-45-12
Is A536 65-45-12 easy to machine?
Machines easily in the ferritic condition with carbide or ceramic tooling and free-breaking chips; nodules give better finish than steel, but hard carbides from poor inoculation or chill edges cause rapid tool wear — check hardness before finishing.
Can A536 65-45-12 be welded?
Poor weldability: use low preheat 200–320 °C, NiFe (ENiFe-CI) electrodes, short stringer beads with peening and slow cooling, or ferritize-anneal after welding to avoid a brittle martensitic/carbide HAZ.
Can A536 65-45-12 be formed, bent or molded?
Green-sand, no-bake or shell casting with Mg treatment (tundish/cored-wire) plus inoculation; needs generous risering because of the mushy-freezing shrinkage, and section-size control to keep nodularity and avoid ferrite/pearlite gradients.
A536 65-45-12 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| CASTM A536 does not prescribe chemistry; values are common foundry practice for the 450 MPa class | 3.2 – 3.9 | 3.6 |
| Sihigher Si strengthens the ferrite; controls nodularity | 2.2 – 2.9 | 2.5 |
| Mnkept low in ferritic grades to avoid carbide/pearlite | 0.15 – 0.5 | 0.3 |
| Mgresidual nodularizer, ≥80 % nodularity required | 0.03 – 0.06 | 0.05 |
| P | ≤ 0.05 | 0.03 |
| Smax, after treatment | ≤ 0.02 | 0.01 |
| Cuoptional pearlite stabilizer for as-cast strength | ≤ 0.4 | 0.1 |
| Nioptional | ≤ 0.5 | — |
| Crrestricted to avoid carbides | ≤ 0.1 | 0.04 |
| Fe | balance | — |
What surface finishes work on A536 65-45-12?
Shot-blast then paint, epoxy or powder coat; phosphate, zinc or electroless nickel plating works but graphite nodules can cause pin-holing — machined faces are commonly cement-lined or fusion-bonded epoxy coated in water service.
Surface treatments FabDigit runs on steel parts — pick them in the quote configurator or call them out on the drawing. Each links to its datasheet in the surface-finish library (thickness, specs, call-out, material verdicts).
Organic Coating
Black / Phosphate
Thermal Spray
Equivalent designations
Standards and trade names that resolve to Steel A536 65-45-12 in FabDigit's catalog. Equivalence is nominal — check the exact specification when certification matters.
- EN / DIN / Werkstoff-Nr.
- EN-GJS-450-10GGG450.7043
- ISO
- 1083 JS/450-10
- GB (China)
- QT450-10
- JIS
- FCD450
How much does A536 65-45-12 cost?
A536 65-45-12 is a standard-cost steel ($$), cheaper than about 71% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
A536 65-45-12 — frequently asked
What is A536 65-45-12 used for?
A536 65-45-12 is typically used for pipe fittings, gears, crankshafts, housings and agricultural parts. In short: workhorse ductile iron; ductility gray iron lacks; good strength-to-cost ratio.
What is the yield strength of A536 65-45-12?
A536 65-45-12 has a typical yield strength of 340 MPa (49.3 ksi) and a tensile strength of 480 MPa (69.6 ksi) — weaker than 76% of steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 9 listed tempers.
Is A536 65-45-12 easy to machine?
Reasonably — machinability is rated good (68/100, better than 95% of steel grades). Machines easily in the ferritic condition with carbide or ceramic tooling and free-breaking chips; nodules give better finish than steel, but hard carbides from poor inoculation or chill edges cause rapid tool wear — check hardness before finishing.
Can A536 65-45-12 be welded?
With care — weldability is rated fair (35/100). Poor weldability: use low preheat 200–320 °C, NiFe (ENiFe-CI) electrodes, short stringer beads with peening and slow cooling, or ferritize-anneal after welding to avoid a brittle martensitic/carbide HAZ.
What surface finishes work on A536 65-45-12?
Shot-blast then paint, epoxy or powder coat; phosphate, zinc or electroless nickel plating works but graphite nodules can cause pin-holing — machined faces are commonly cement-lined or fusion-bonded epoxy coated in water service.
Can A536 65-45-12 be formed, bent or molded?
Green-sand, no-bake or shell casting with Mg treatment (tundish/cored-wire) plus inoculation; needs generous risering because of the mushy-freezing shrinkage, and section-size control to keep nodularity and avoid ferrite/pearlite gradients.
What is the maximum service temperature of A536 65-45-12?
A536 65-45-12 is rated for continuous use to about 350°C (662 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
How much does A536 65-45-12 cost?
A536 65-45-12 is a standard-cost steel ($$), cheaper than about 71% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
Sources
- ASTM A536 – Standard Specification for Ductile Iron Castings — ASTM International (2019)
- EN 1563 – Founding: Spheroidal graphite cast irons — CEN (2018)
- ISO 1083 – Spheroidal graphite cast irons: Classification — ISO (2018)
- SAE J434 – Automotive Ductile (Nodular) Iron Castings — SAE International (2020)
- ASM Handbook Vol.1 – Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels — ASM International (1990)
- ASM Handbook Vol.15 – Casting; Vol.16 – Machining — ASM International (2008)
- Ductile Iron Data for Design Engineers — Ductile Iron Society / Rio Tinto Iron & Titanium (2013)
- Continuous-cast ductile iron bar 65-45-12 property data — Dura-Bar / Charter Dura-Bar (2022)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison; hardness values on non-Brinell scales are converted approximately for charting only. Manufacturability limits are FabDigit quote-engine defaults and may be relaxed by engineering review. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.