Steel A536 65-45-12 100-70-03
Heat-treated state
ASTM A536 65-45-12 · EN EN-GJS-450-10, GGG45 · JIS FCD450 · GB QT450-10 · ISO 1083 JS/450-10
100-70-03 = normalized or quenched-and-tempered pearlitic ductile iron
Heat-treated high-strength grade for crankshafts, gears and heavily loaded links; requires rigid tooling and lower cutting speeds.
Values for the 100-70-03 condition
Other A536 65-45-12 tempers and conditions
A536 65-45-12 is listed in 9 conditions; see the grade overview at A536 65-45-12.
Compare all 9 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Annealed ferritic ductile iron | Pick when maximum ductility, impact toughness and weld/repair tolerance matter more than strength (pressure fittings, low-temperature service, safety parts). | 300 | 450 | 22 | 150 HB | 36 W/m·K |
Ferritic ductile iron, as-cast/annealed | Use when 60 ksi tensile with a slightly higher yield is wanted and 10 % elongation is sufficient; common for as-cast thin-wall ferritic parts. | 310 | 455 | 13 | 160 HB | 35 W/m·K |
Ferritic ductile iron with enhanced ductility | Choose when the 65 ksi/45 ksi strength level must be met together with 15 % minimum elongation, e.g. impact- or seismic-loaded fittings. | 330 | 480 | 18 | 165 HB | 36 W/m·K |
65-45-12Default Ferritic ductile iron, as-cast or annealed | The default workhorse: balanced 450 MPa strength with ~12 % elongation for valve bodies, housings, pipe fittings and general machinery castings. | 340 | 480 | 14 | 170 HB | 35 W/m·K |
Ferritic-pearlitic ductile iron | Step up in strength and wear resistance when only ~5 % elongation is needed — pump bodies, gear housings, crank arms. | 380 | 540 | 7 | 200 HB | 34 W/m·K |
Pearlitic-ferritic ductile iron, as-cast or normalized | Common automotive/agricultural grade when higher strength and section wear resistance are needed with moderate 6 % ductility. | 420 | 600 | 8 | 20 HRC | 33 W/m·K |
Pearlitic ductile iron | Use for higher yield strength and better wear in gears, rolls and hydraulic bodies where only 3 % elongation is required. | 440 | 640 | 4 | 22 HRC | 32 W/m·K |
100-70-03This page Normalized or quenched-and-tempered pearlitic ductile iron | Heat-treated high-strength grade for crankshafts, gears and heavily loaded links; requires rigid tooling and lower cutting speeds. | 520 | 750 | 4 | 26 HRC | 32 W/m·K |
Oil-quenched and tempered martensitic ductile iron | Highest strength A536 grade, used for high-load gears, sprockets and wear parts; ductility and impact toughness are minimal and machining is difficult. | 700 | 900 | 3 | 34 HRC | 30 W/m·K |
What is A536 65-45-12 100-70-03?
A536 65-45-12 100-70-03 is A536 65-45-12 heat treated to 100-70-03 — heat-treated high-strength grade for crankshafts, gears and heavily loaded links; requires rigid tooling and lower cutting speeds. A536 65-45-12 100-70-03 has a yield strength of 520 MPa (75.4 ksi) and a tensile strength of 750 MPa (109 ksi) — stronger than 67% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 4% and the elastic modulus is 174 GPa (25.2 Msi). A536 65-45-12 100-70-03 has a density of 7.1 g/cm³ (0.257 lb/in³), lighter than 99% of steel grades. It melts at 1,150°C (2,102 °F). 65-45-12 is the default condition FabDigit quotes; 100-70-03 is available on request or by drawing note.
Advantages
- Low embodied carbon — 1.7 kg CO₂/kg, better than 99% of steel grades
Limitations
- Limited ductility — 4%, worse than 98% of steel grades
- Low stiffness — 174 GPa (25.2 Msi), worse than 96% of steel grades
- Low fracture toughness — 32 MPa·√m (29.1 ksi·√in), worse than 95% of steel grades
- Low electrical conductivity — 2.9 % IACS, worse than 93% of steel grades
- Difficult to weld — 18/100, worse than 87% of steel grades
A536 65-45-12 100-70-03 properties
Typical room-temperature values for A536 65-45-12 100-70-03; 16 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are A536 65-45-12 reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among steel grades.
Physical3
A536 65-45-12 100-70-03 has a density of 7.1 g/cm³ (0.257 lb/in³), lighter than 99% of steel grades. It melts at 1,150°C (2,102 °F).
Mechanical15
A536 65-45-12 100-70-03 has a yield strength of 520 MPa (75.4 ksi) and a tensile strength of 750 MPa (109 ksi) — stronger than 67% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 4% and the elastic modulus is 174 GPa (25.2 Msi).
Thermal6
A536 65-45-12 100-70-03 is rated for continuous service to 330°C (626 °F). It conducts heat at 32 W/m·K (18.5 BTU/hr·ft·°F), worse than 82% of steel grades. Thermal expansion is 12 µm/m·K (6.67 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
A536 65-45-12 100-70-03 conducts electricity at 2.9 % IACS, worse than 93% of steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is poor (15/100), better than 75% of steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of A536 65-45-12 100-70-03 takes about 21 MJ of energy and emits 1.7 kg of CO₂ — less than 99% of steel grades. Typical recycled content is 85%.
Manufacturability8
A536 65-45-12 100-70-03's machinability is fair (44/100, worse than 71% of steel grades); weldability poor (18/100); formability poor (15/100).
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with A536 65-45-12 100-70-03
Is A536 65-45-12 easy to machine?
Machines easily in the ferritic condition with carbide or ceramic tooling and free-breaking chips; nodules give better finish than steel, but hard carbides from poor inoculation or chill edges cause rapid tool wear — check hardness before finishing.
Can A536 65-45-12 be welded?
Poor weldability: use low preheat 200–320 °C, NiFe (ENiFe-CI) electrodes, short stringer beads with peening and slow cooling, or ferritize-anneal after welding to avoid a brittle martensitic/carbide HAZ.
Can A536 65-45-12 be formed, bent or molded?
Green-sand, no-bake or shell casting with Mg treatment (tundish/cored-wire) plus inoculation; needs generous risering because of the mushy-freezing shrinkage, and section-size control to keep nodularity and avoid ferrite/pearlite gradients.
What surface finishes work on A536 65-45-12?
Shot-blast then paint, epoxy or powder coat; phosphate, zinc or electroless nickel plating works but graphite nodules can cause pin-holing — machined faces are commonly cement-lined or fusion-bonded epoxy coated in water service.
A536 65-45-12 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| CASTM A536 does not prescribe chemistry; values are common foundry practice for the 450 MPa class | 3.2 – 3.9 | 3.6 |
| Sihigher Si strengthens the ferrite; controls nodularity | 2.2 – 2.9 | 2.5 |
| Mnkept low in ferritic grades to avoid carbide/pearlite | 0.15 – 0.5 | 0.3 |
| Mgresidual nodularizer, ≥80 % nodularity required | 0.03 – 0.06 | 0.05 |
| P | ≤ 0.05 | 0.03 |
| Smax, after treatment | ≤ 0.02 | 0.01 |
| Cuoptional pearlite stabilizer for as-cast strength | ≤ 0.4 | 0.1 |
| Nioptional | ≤ 0.5 | — |
| Crrestricted to avoid carbides | ≤ 0.1 | 0.04 |
| Fe | balance | — |
A536 65-45-12 100-70-03 — frequently asked
What is A536 65-45-12 100-70-03 used for?
A536 65-45-12 100-70-03 is typically used for pipe fittings, gears, crankshafts, housings and agricultural parts. In short: workhorse ductile iron; ductility gray iron lacks; good strength-to-cost ratio.
What is the yield strength of A536 65-45-12 100-70-03?
A536 65-45-12 100-70-03 has a typical yield strength of 520 MPa (75.4 ksi) and a tensile strength of 750 MPa (109 ksi) — stronger than 67% of steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 9 listed tempers.
Is A536 65-45-12 100-70-03 easy to machine?
Not especially — machinability is rated fair (44/100, worse than 71% of steel grades). Machines easily in the ferritic condition with carbide or ceramic tooling and free-breaking chips; nodules give better finish than steel, but hard carbides from poor inoculation or chill edges cause rapid tool wear — check hardness before finishing.
Can A536 65-45-12 100-70-03 be welded?
Not readily — weldability is rated poor (18/100). Poor weldability: use low preheat 200–320 °C, NiFe (ENiFe-CI) electrodes, short stringer beads with peening and slow cooling, or ferritize-anneal after welding to avoid a brittle martensitic/carbide HAZ.
What surface finishes work on A536 65-45-12 100-70-03?
Shot-blast then paint, epoxy or powder coat; phosphate, zinc or electroless nickel plating works but graphite nodules can cause pin-holing — machined faces are commonly cement-lined or fusion-bonded epoxy coated in water service.
Can A536 65-45-12 100-70-03 be formed, bent or molded?
Green-sand, no-bake or shell casting with Mg treatment (tundish/cored-wire) plus inoculation; needs generous risering because of the mushy-freezing shrinkage, and section-size control to keep nodularity and avoid ferrite/pearlite gradients.
What is the maximum service temperature of A536 65-45-12 100-70-03?
A536 65-45-12 100-70-03 is rated for continuous use to about 330°C (626 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
Sources
- ASTM A536 – Standard Specification for Ductile Iron Castings — ASTM International (2019)
- EN 1563 – Founding: Spheroidal graphite cast irons — CEN (2018)
- ISO 1083 – Spheroidal graphite cast irons: Classification — ISO (2018)
- SAE J434 – Automotive Ductile (Nodular) Iron Castings — SAE International (2020)
- ASM Handbook Vol.1 – Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels — ASM International (1990)
- ASM Handbook Vol.15 – Casting; Vol.16 – Machining — ASM International (2008)
- Ductile Iron Data for Design Engineers — Ductile Iron Society / Rio Tinto Iron & Titanium (2013)
- Continuous-cast ductile iron bar 65-45-12 property data — Dura-Bar / Charter Dura-Bar (2022)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.