Steel A436 Type 1
ASTM A436 Type 1 · EN EN-GJLA-XNiMn13-7 · ISO 185 L-NiMn13 7
ASTM A436 Type 1 is an austenitic nickel-alloyed gray cast iron (Ni-Resist) with flake graphite in a nickel-manganese austenite matrix, matching EN-GJLA-XNiMn13-7.
Reference datasheet — A436 Type 1 is not in the instant-quote catalog. Upload your part and an engineer will quote it in this grade or suggest the closest stocked equivalent.
Values for the TYPE1 condition
A436 Type 1 tempers and conditions
A436 Type 1 is supplied in 8 conditions, soft to hard. TYPE1 is the default FabDigit quotes; the values on this page are for it.
Compare all 8 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
35 % Ni low-expansion austenitic gray iron | Invar-like 34–36 % Ni grade selected purely for minimum thermal expansion and dimensional stability (machine-tool parts, gauges, glass moulds, optical mounts). | — | 150 | 2 | 110 HB | 37 W/m·K |
high-silicon 30 % Ni austenitic gray iron | High-Si, high-Cr variant for the best oxidation/scale resistance and hot-strength — furnace parts, dies and hot-gas components to ~900 °C. | — | 180 | 1.5 | 175 HB | 30 W/m·K |
TYPE1Default as-cast austenitic Ni-Cu-Cr gray iron | General-purpose Ni-Resist for pumps, valves and marine hardware handling seawater, dilute acids and alkalis where copper is acceptable. | — | 190 | 2 | 150 HB | 39 W/m·K |
copper-free austenitic Ni-Cr gray iron | Copper-free version for caustic/alkali service, food and ammonia handling, and for the lowest magnetic permeability among the standard grades. | — | 190 | 2 | 140 HB | 39 W/m·K |
30 % Ni austenitic gray iron | 30 % Ni grade for thermal-shock and low-expansion-mismatch duty, cryogenic and high-temperature parts, and improved acid/alkali resistance. | — | 190 | 2 | 140 HB | 38 W/m·K |
Ni-Cu-Cr-Mo austenitic gray iron | Molybdenum-bearing 20 % Ni grade with improved strength and resistance to sulfuric/mixed acids and seawater erosion-corrosion. | — | 195 | 2 | 150 HB | 40 W/m·K |
higher-chromium Ni-Cu-Cr gray iron | Choose when more hardness, erosion and abrasion resistance is needed than Type 1 (pump impellers, wear rings) and machining ease is secondary. | — | 220 | 1.5 | 180 HB | 39 W/m·K |
high-chromium Ni-Cr gray iron | Highest-strength/hardest flake grade in the family — for erosive slurry, steam and high-temperature parts needing growth resistance. | — | 225 | 1.5 | 20 HRC | 38 W/m·K |
What is A436 Type 1?
ASTM A436 Type 1 is an austenitic nickel-alloyed gray cast iron (Ni-Resist) with flake graphite in a nickel-manganese austenite matrix, matching EN-GJLA-XNiMn13-7. Engineers select it for corrosion resistance, dimensional stability up to 760 °C and low magnetic permeability, supplied as sand castings such as manifolds, housings and valve bodies. Flake graphite holds it to 190 MPa tensile with 2 % elongation and 150 HB, so it carries no shock load; where ductility is required, austenitic ductile iron A439 Type D-2 is the nearest alternative. A436 Type 1 has a density of 7.3 g/cm³ (0.264 lb/in³), lighter than 98% of steel grades. It melts at 1,150°C (2,102 °F). A436 Type 1 has a yield strength of 130 MPa (18.9 ksi) and a tensile strength of 190 MPa (27.6 ksi) — weaker than 100% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 2% and the elastic modulus is 100 GPa (14.5 Msi).
What is A436 Type 1 used for?
- exhaust manifolds
- turbocharger housings
- pump housings
- valve bodies
Advantages
- High service temperature — 760°C (1,400 °F), better than 100% of steel grades
- Good corrosion resistance — 50/100, better than 99% of steel grades
Limitations
- Low strength — 130 MPa (18.9 ksi), worse than 100% of steel grades
- Low stiffness — 100 GPa (14.5 Msi), worse than 100% of steel grades
- Low fracture toughness — 15 MPa·√m (13.7 ksi·√in), worse than 100% of steel grades
- Low electrical conductivity — 1.7 % IACS, worse than 100% of steel grades
- Limited ductility — 2%, worse than 99% of steel grades
A436 Type 1 properties
Typical room-temperature values for A436 Type 1-TYPE1; bars are the position among steel grades.
Physical3
A436 Type 1 has a density of 7.3 g/cm³ (0.264 lb/in³), lighter than 98% of steel grades. It melts at 1,150°C (2,102 °F).
Mechanical12
A436 Type 1 has a yield strength of 130 MPa (18.9 ksi) and a tensile strength of 190 MPa (27.6 ksi) — weaker than 100% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 2% and the elastic modulus is 100 GPa (14.5 Msi).
Thermal6
A436 Type 1 is rated for continuous service to 760°C (1,400 °F). It conducts heat at 39 W/m·K (22.5 BTU/hr·ft·°F), worse than 67% of steel grades. Thermal expansion is 18.7 µm/m·K (10.4 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
A436 Type 1 conducts electricity at 1.7 % IACS, worse than 100% of steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is fair (50/100), better than 99% of steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of A436 Type 1 takes about 45 MJ of energy and emits 3.6 kg of CO₂ — more than 93% of steel grades. Typical recycled content is 60%.
Manufacturability7
A436 Type 1's machinability is fair (52/100, better than 52% of steel grades); weldability poor (30/100); formability not recommended (3/100).
Common Calculations5
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Certified mill or lot data ships with every FabDigit order on request.
Strength versus weight in the steel family
Yield strength against density for every steel grade FabDigit runs. A436 Type 1 is highlighted; hover a dot for its name, or open the interactive family chart.
Working with A436 Type 1
Is A436 Type 1 easy to machine?
Machines like a tough gray iron: carbide tooling, low speeds and generous feeds to avoid work-hardening the austenite; high-Cr (1b, 2b) and high-Si (4) types need rigid setups and are best ground for finish cuts.
Can A436 Type 1 be welded?
Weldable with Ni-Fe or Ni-based electrodes (ENiFe-CI/ENi-CI) using low heat input, short stringer beads and peening; preheat 150–300 °C and slow cool to avoid cracking, then stress relieve at ~620 °C.
Can A436 Type 1 be formed, bent or molded?
Sand-cast only — good fluidity, moderate shrinkage; use generous radii, controlled section change and inoculation for uniform graphite; no cold forming possible.
A436 Type 1 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| Ctotal carbon, Type 1 | ≤ 3 | 2.8 |
| Si | 1 – 2.8 | 2 |
| Mn | 0.5 – 1.5 | 1 |
| Ni | 13.5 – 17.5 | 15 |
| Cu | 5.5 – 7.5 | 6.5 |
| CrType 1b: 2.50–3.50 | 1.5 – 2.5 | 2 |
| S | ≤ 0.12 | — |
| Fe | balance | — |
What surface finishes work on A436 Type 1?
Takes paint, coal-tar epoxy and rubber lining well after abrasive blasting; graphite flakes limit mirror polish, and no anodizing applies (ferrous alloy).
Surface treatments FabDigit runs on steel parts — pick them in the quote configurator or call them out on the drawing. Each links to its datasheet in the surface-finish library (thickness, specs, call-out, material verdicts).
Organic Coating
Black / Phosphate
Thermal Spray
Equivalent designations
Standards and trade names that resolve to Steel A436 Type 1 in FabDigit's catalog. Equivalence is nominal — check the exact specification when certification matters.
- EN / DIN / Werkstoff-Nr.
- EN-GJLA-XNiMn13-7
- ISO
- 185 L-NiMn13 7
How much does A436 Type 1 cost?
A436 Type 1 is a premium-cost steel ($$$), cheaper than about 51% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
A436 Type 1 — frequently asked
What is A436 Type 1 used for?
A436 Type 1 is typically used for exhaust manifolds, turbocharger housings, pump housings and valve bodies. In short: non-magnetic gray iron; 760 °C service temperature; corrosion-resistant Ni-Resist casting.
What is the yield strength of A436 Type 1?
A436 Type 1 has a typical yield strength of 130 MPa (18.9 ksi) and a tensile strength of 190 MPa (27.6 ksi) — weaker than 100% of steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 8 listed tempers.
Is A436 Type 1 easy to machine?
Reasonably — machinability is rated fair (52/100, better than 52% of steel grades). Machines like a tough gray iron: carbide tooling, low speeds and generous feeds to avoid work-hardening the austenite; high-Cr (1b, 2b) and high-Si (4) types need rigid setups and are best ground for finish cuts.
Can A436 Type 1 be welded?
Not readily — weldability is rated poor (30/100). Weldable with Ni-Fe or Ni-based electrodes (ENiFe-CI/ENi-CI) using low heat input, short stringer beads and peening; preheat 150–300 °C and slow cool to avoid cracking, then stress relieve at ~620 °C.
What surface finishes work on A436 Type 1?
Takes paint, coal-tar epoxy and rubber lining well after abrasive blasting; graphite flakes limit mirror polish, and no anodizing applies (ferrous alloy).
Can A436 Type 1 be formed, bent or molded?
Sand-cast only — good fluidity, moderate shrinkage; use generous radii, controlled section change and inoculation for uniform graphite; no cold forming possible.
What is the maximum service temperature of A436 Type 1?
A436 Type 1 is rated for continuous use to about 760°C (1,400 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
How much does A436 Type 1 cost?
A436 Type 1 is a premium-cost steel ($$$), cheaper than about 51% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
Sources
- ASTM A436 Standard Specification for Austenitic Gray Iron Castings — ASTM International (2021)
- Engineering Properties of Ni-Resist and Ductile Ni-Resist Alloys (Pub. 11018) — Nickel Institute / NiDI (1998)
- ASM Handbook Vol. 1 — Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels, and High-Performance Alloys (Cast Irons) — ASM International (1990)
- EN 13835 Founding — Austenitic cast irons — CEN (2012)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison; hardness values on non-Brinell scales are converted approximately for charting only. Manufacturability limits are FabDigit quote-engine defaults and may be relaxed by engineering review. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.