Stainless Steel S41045-CD (Cold drawn)
Supply condition
UNS S41045
Bar and wire condition giving closer tolerance, better surface and higher yield for machined shafts and fasteners.
Values for the CD condition
Other S41045 tempers and conditions
S41045 is listed in 7 conditions; see the grade overview at S41045.
Compare all 7 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AnnealedDefault mill annealed, descaled (ferritic condition) | Default stocked condition: softest, most weldable and formable state for plate, sheet, bar and tube. | 310 | 480 | 28 | 170 HB | — |
As-welded deposit | Reference condition for fabrications left as welded; low carbon plus stabilization keeps HAZ hardness and sensitization low. | 320 | 490 | 20 | 14 HRC | 3 % IACS |
Normalized and tempered | For heavier sections/tube where any transformed martensite from air cooling is tempered back for toughness and uniform hardness. | 360 | 550 | 22 | 11 HRC | 3 % IACS |
Quarter hard | Light temper roll for extra stiffness/flatness in flat panels and roll-formed sections with modest bending. | 450 | 550 | 12 | 13 HRC | 3 % IACS |
CDThis page Cold drawn | Bar and wire condition giving closer tolerance, better surface and higher yield for machined shafts and fasteners. | 500 | 600 | 15 | 16 HRC | 3 % IACS |
Half hard | Use where spring-back stiffness or higher yield is required and forming is limited to gentle bends. | 550 | 620 | 8 | 20 HRC | 3 % IACS |
Full hard | Strip condition for flat springs, clamps and wear strips where no forming beyond slight bending is needed. | 650 | 720 | 4 | 25 HRC | 3 % IACS |
What is S41045-CD?
S41045-CD is S41045 supplied in the CD condition — bar and wire condition giving closer tolerance, better surface and higher yield for machined shafts and fasteners. S41045-CD has a yield strength of 500 MPa (72.5 ksi) and a tensile strength of 600 MPa (87 ksi) — stronger than 77% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 15% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi). S41045-CD has a density of 7.7 g/cm³ (0.278 lb/in³), lighter than 83% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,480°C (2,696 °F). Annealed is the default condition FabDigit quotes; CD is available on request or by drawing note.
Advantages
- Low embodied carbon — 2.9 kg CO₂/kg, better than 98% of stainless steel grades
- Easy to machine — 56/100, better than 97% of stainless steel grades
- High electrical conductivity — 3 % IACS, better than 95% of stainless steel grades
- Conducts heat well — 25 W/m·K (14.4 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 93% of stainless steel grades
- High strength — 500 MPa (72.5 ksi), better than 77% of stainless steel grades
Limitations
- Low fracture toughness — 55 MPa·√m (50.1 ksi·√in), worse than 91% of stainless steel grades
- Needs corrosion protection — 42/100, worse than 90% of stainless steel grades
- Limited ductility — 15%, worse than 89% of stainless steel grades
- Hard to polish — 55/100, worse than 89% of stainless steel grades
S41045-CD properties
Typical room-temperature values for S41045-CD; 23 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are S41045 reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among stainless steel grades.
Physical3
S41045-CD has a density of 7.7 g/cm³ (0.278 lb/in³), lighter than 83% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,480°C (2,696 °F).
Mechanical16
S41045-CD has a yield strength of 500 MPa (72.5 ksi) and a tensile strength of 600 MPa (87 ksi) — stronger than 77% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 15% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi).
Thermal6
S41045-CD is rated for continuous service to 550°C (1,022 °F). It conducts heat at 25 W/m·K (14.4 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 93% of stainless steel grades. Thermal expansion is 10.5 µm/m·K (5.83 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
S41045-CD conducts electricity at 3 % IACS, better than 95% of stainless steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is fair (42/100), worse than 90% of stainless steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of S41045-CD takes about 33 MJ of energy and emits 2.9 kg of CO₂ — less than 100% of stainless steel grades. Typical recycled content is 65%.
Manufacturability7
S41045-CD's machinability is good (56/100, better than 97% of stainless steel grades); weldability good (65/100); formability fair (38/100).
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with S41045-CD
Is S41045 easy to machine?
Machines like annealed 410 (~55 % of 1212): rigid setups, sharp positive-rake carbide, moderate speed and heavy feed to avoid work-hardened glazing; stabilized carbides/nitrides are mildly abrasive.
Can S41045 be welded?
Readily welded by GMAW/GTAW/SMAW/SAW without preheat in thin gauges; use austenitic 309L/308L filler for ductile welds, keep heat input low to limit HAZ grain coarsening, no PWHT normally required.
Can S41045 be formed, bent or molded?
Cold forms and roll-forms adequately in annealed sheet but with less stretch than austenitics — use generous bend radii (≥1.5t), allow for springback, and hot work at 800–1100 °C for heavy sections.
What surface finishes work on S41045?
Pickle/passivate after welding to restore the 12Cr film; commonly used bare in utility service or painted for cosmetic uniformity, since surface will rust-stain in humid or coastal exposure.
S41045 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| Ckept low to suppress martensite hardening | ≤ 0.04 | 0.02 |
| Mn | ≤ 1 | 0.6 |
| Si | ≤ 1 | 0.45 |
| P | ≤ 0.04 | — |
| S | ≤ 0.03 | — |
| Cr12%Cr class, PREN ≈ 11 | 10.5 – 12.5 | 11.5 |
| Nismall Ni for toughness | 0.6 – 1.1 | 0.8 |
| Tistabilizer, typically ≥ 6×(C+N); Nb may substitute in some mill practices | 0.05 – 0.75 | 0.2 |
| N | ≤ 0.03 | 0.02 |
| Fe | balance | — |
S41045-CD — frequently asked
What is S41045-CD used for?
S41045-CD is typically used for fasteners, brackets and mild corrosion service parts. In short: non-hardenable 410 variant; low-cost 12 % Cr utility grade; weldable without PWHT.
What is the yield strength of S41045-CD?
S41045-CD has a typical yield strength of 500 MPa (72.5 ksi) and a tensile strength of 600 MPa (87 ksi) — stronger than 77% of stainless steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 7 listed tempers.
Is S41045-CD easy to machine?
Reasonably — machinability is rated good (56/100, better than 97% of stainless steel grades). Machines like annealed 410 (~55 % of 1212): rigid setups, sharp positive-rake carbide, moderate speed and heavy feed to avoid work-hardened glazing; stabilized carbides/nitrides are mildly abrasive.
Can S41045-CD be welded?
Yes — weldability is rated good (65/100). Readily welded by GMAW/GTAW/SMAW/SAW without preheat in thin gauges; use austenitic 309L/308L filler for ductile welds, keep heat input low to limit HAZ grain coarsening, no PWHT normally required.
What surface finishes work on S41045-CD?
Pickle/passivate after welding to restore the 12Cr film; commonly used bare in utility service or painted for cosmetic uniformity, since surface will rust-stain in humid or coastal exposure.
Can S41045-CD be formed, bent or molded?
Cold forms and roll-forms adequately in annealed sheet but with less stretch than austenitics — use generous bend radii (≥1.5t), allow for springback, and hot work at 800–1100 °C for heavy sections.
What is the maximum service temperature of S41045-CD?
S41045-CD is rated for continuous use to about 550°C (1,022 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between S41045 Annealed and S41045-FH?
Annealed is the default condition — default stocked condition: softest, most weldable and formable state for plate, sheet, bar and tube. FH: strip condition for flat springs, clamps and wear strips where no forming beyond slight bending is needed. Yield strength is 310 MPa in Annealed versus 650 MPa in FH.
Sources
- ASTM A240/A240M — Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip — ASTM International (2023)
- ASTM A480/A480M — General Requirements for Flat-Rolled Stainless Steel — ASTM International (2023)
- SAE J1086 / ASTM DS-56 — Metals & Alloys in the Unified Numbering System (UNS) — SAE/ASTM (2017)
- ASM Handbook Vol.1 — Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels, and High-Performance Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- ASM Handbook Vol.13B — Corrosion: Materials — ASM International (2005)
- Utility 11–12 %Cr ferritic stainless plate datasheets (3CR12 / 410-modified class) — Columbus Stainless / Outokumpu / ATI (2021)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.