Aluminum 2095-T851
Temper
AA 2095 · UNS A92095
T851 = t8, stress relieved by stretching
Plate temper with low residual stress for machined monolithic parts (isogrids, fittings).
Values for the T851 condition
Other 2095 tempers and conditions
2095 is listed in 10 conditions; see the grade overview at 2095.
Compare all 10 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Annealed | Softest condition for severe forming or intermediate machining before heat treatment. | 140 | 265 | 17 | 65 HB | 35 % IACS |
As fabricated | Mill-condition stock intended for customer heat treatment; properties not guaranteed. | 210 | 350 | 12 | 90 HB | 30 % IACS |
Solution heat treated and naturally aged | Naturally aged, no stretch — for parts formed after solution treatment and later re-aged. | 300 | 455 | 16 | 115 HB | 23 % IACS |
Solution heat treated, cold worked and naturally aged | Intermediate strength with useful ductility; used as a forming/assembly condition before final artificial aging. | 380 | 505 | 13 | 130 HB | 22 % IACS |
Solution heat treated and artificially aged | For shapes and forgings that cannot be stretched; slightly below T8 strength. | 525 | 580 | 6 | 160 HB | 25 % IACS |
T851This page T8, stress relieved by stretching | Plate temper with low residual stress for machined monolithic parts (isogrids, fittings). | 585 | 630 | 7 | 170 HB | 26 % IACS |
Solution treated, ~1% cold worked and artificially aged | Light-stretch T8 variant for sheet where flatness matters more than absolute peak strength. | 600 | 640 | 6 | 172 HB | 26 % IACS |
T8Default Solution heat treated, cold worked and artificially aged | Standard supply condition: peak-strength temper for cryogenic tanks and high-strength aerospace structure. | 610 | 650 | 7 | 175 HB | 26 % IACS |
Solution treated, cold worked (higher strain) and artificially aged | Higher stretch level for maximum strength sheet used in launch-vehicle tank barrels. | 625 | 665 | 6 | 180 HB | 25.5 % IACS |
T8 with 7 % cold work | Maximum-strength Weldalite temper for cryogenic tank skins; lowest ductility and toughness. | 650 | 690 | 5 | 188 HB | 27 % IACS |
What is 2095-T851?
2095-T851 is 2095 in the T851 temper — plate temper with low residual stress for machined monolithic parts (isogrids, fittings). 2095-T851 has a yield strength of 585 MPa (84.8 ksi) and a tensile strength of 630 MPa (91.4 ksi) — stronger than 98% of aluminum grades. Elongation at break is 7% and the elastic modulus is 78 GPa (11.3 Msi). 2095-T851 has a density of 2.71 g/cm³ (0.0979 lb/in³), heavier than 51% of aluminum grades. It melts at 560°C (1,040 °F). T8 is the default condition FabDigit quotes; T851 is available on request or by drawing note.
Advantages
- High strength — 585 MPa (84.8 ksi), better than 98% of aluminum grades
- Tough — resists crack growth — 34 MPa·√m (30.9 ksi·√in), better than 90% of aluminum grades
Limitations
- Poor heat conductor — 88 W/m·K (50.8 BTU/hr·ft·°F), worse than 99% of aluminum grades
- Low electrical conductivity — 26 % IACS, worse than 90% of aluminum grades
- Needs corrosion protection — 35/100, worse than 85% of aluminum grades
2095-T851 properties
Typical room-temperature values for 2095-T851; 20 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are 2095 reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among aluminum grades.
Physical3
2095-T851 has a density of 2.71 g/cm³ (0.0979 lb/in³), heavier than 51% of aluminum grades. It melts at 560°C (1,040 °F).
Mechanical13
2095-T851 has a yield strength of 585 MPa (84.8 ksi) and a tensile strength of 630 MPa (91.4 ksi) — stronger than 98% of aluminum grades. Elongation at break is 7% and the elastic modulus is 78 GPa (11.3 Msi).
Thermal6
2095-T851 is rated for continuous service to 150°C (302 °F). It conducts heat at 88 W/m·K (50.8 BTU/hr·ft·°F), worse than 99% of aluminum grades. Thermal expansion is 22 µm/m·K (12.2 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
2095-T851 conducts electricity at 26 % IACS, worse than 90% of aluminum grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is fair (35/100), worse than 85% of aluminum grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of 2095-T851 takes about 215 MJ of energy and emits 13.5 kg of CO₂ — more than 93% of aluminum grades. Typical recycled content is 5%.
Manufacturability8
2095-T851's machinability is good (65/100, better than 62% of aluminum grades); weldability good (58/100); formability poor (18/100).
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with 2095-T851
Is 2095 easy to machine?
Machines like 2024-T851 with sharp carbide tooling and flood coolant; Li-bearing chips oxidize readily — keep fines dry and avoid water-based fire fighting on swarf.
Can 2095 be welded?
Designed for fusion welding (VPPA/GTAW) with 2319 or matching Al-Cu-Li filler; use tight cleaning, low heat input and post-weld solution+age or local re-aging to recover joint strength; FSW gives the best properties.
Can 2095 be formed, bent or molded?
Form in O/T3/T4 only; T8 tempers have <8% elongation and crack readily — hot form 300–450 °C or stretch-form after solution treatment, then artificially age.
What surface finishes work on 2095?
Chromic or tartaric-sulfuric anodize plus epoxy primer for corrosion control; avoid bare service in chloride environments and watch for exfoliation at short-transverse machined faces.
2095 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| Siimpurity limit | ≤ 0.12 | — |
| Feimpurity limit | ≤ 0.15 | — |
| Cu | 3.9 – 4.6 | 4.2 |
| Mn | ≤ 0.25 | — |
| Mg | 0.25 – 0.8 | 0.4 |
| Lidensity reducer / strengthener | 0.7 – 1.5 | 1.2 |
| Agpromotes T1 precipitation | 0.25 – 0.6 | 0.4 |
| Zrgrain-structure control | 0.04 – 0.18 | 0.12 |
| Zn | ≤ 0.25 | — |
| Ti | ≤ 0.1 | — |
| Others (each) | ≤ 0.05 | — |
| Others (total) | ≤ 0.15 | — |
| Al | balance | — |
2095-T851 — frequently asked
What is 2095-T851 used for?
2095-T851 is typically used for cryogenic fuel tank structures, aerospace weight-critical structures and launch vehicle skins. In short: weldable Al-Li alloy; highest-strength 2000-series grade; low density, high stiffness.
What is the yield strength of 2095-T851?
2095-T851 has a typical yield strength of 585 MPa (84.8 ksi) and a tensile strength of 630 MPa (91.4 ksi) — stronger than 98% of aluminum grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 10 listed tempers.
Is 2095-T851 easy to machine?
Reasonably — machinability is rated good (65/100, better than 62% of aluminum grades). Machines like 2024-T851 with sharp carbide tooling and flood coolant; Li-bearing chips oxidize readily — keep fines dry and avoid water-based fire fighting on swarf.
Can 2095-T851 be welded?
Yes — weldability is rated good (58/100). Designed for fusion welding (VPPA/GTAW) with 2319 or matching Al-Cu-Li filler; use tight cleaning, low heat input and post-weld solution+age or local re-aging to recover joint strength; FSW gives the best properties.
What surface finishes work on 2095-T851?
Chromic or tartaric-sulfuric anodize plus epoxy primer for corrosion control; avoid bare service in chloride environments and watch for exfoliation at short-transverse machined faces.
Can 2095-T851 be formed, bent or molded?
Form in O/T3/T4 only; T8 tempers have <8% elongation and crack readily — hot form 300–450 °C or stretch-form after solution treatment, then artificially age.
What is the maximum service temperature of 2095-T851?
2095-T851 is rated for continuous use to about 150°C (302 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between 2095-T8 and 2095-O?
T8 is the default condition — standard supply condition: peak-strength temper for cryogenic tanks and high-strength aerospace structure. O: softest condition for severe forming or intermediate machining before heat treatment. Yield strength is 610 MPa in T8 versus 140 MPa in O.
Sources
- International Alloy Designations and Chemical Composition Limits for Wrought Aluminum (Teal Sheets) — The Aluminum Association (2018)
- ASM Handbook Vol. 2 — Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys (Al-Li alloys) — ASM International (1990)
- Aluminum-Lithium Alloys: Processing, Properties and Applications — Elsevier/Butterworth-Heinemann (2014)
- Weldalite 049 / 2095 alloy technical data — Lockheed Martin / Reynolds Metals (1995)
- ASM Handbook Vol. 13B — Corrosion of Aluminum Alloys — ASM International (2005)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.