Aluminum 2095-T3
Temper
AA 2095 · UNS A92095
T3 = solution heat treated, cold worked and naturally aged
Intermediate strength with useful ductility; used as a forming/assembly condition before final artificial aging.
Values for the T3 condition
Other 2095 tempers and conditions
2095 is listed in 10 conditions; see the grade overview at 2095.
Compare all 10 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Annealed | Softest condition for severe forming or intermediate machining before heat treatment. | 140 | 265 | 17 | 65 HB | 35 % IACS |
As fabricated | Mill-condition stock intended for customer heat treatment; properties not guaranteed. | 210 | 350 | 12 | 90 HB | 30 % IACS |
Solution heat treated and naturally aged | Naturally aged, no stretch — for parts formed after solution treatment and later re-aged. | 300 | 455 | 16 | 115 HB | 23 % IACS |
T3This page Solution heat treated, cold worked and naturally aged | Intermediate strength with useful ductility; used as a forming/assembly condition before final artificial aging. | 380 | 505 | 13 | 130 HB | 22 % IACS |
Solution heat treated and artificially aged | For shapes and forgings that cannot be stretched; slightly below T8 strength. | 525 | 580 | 6 | 160 HB | 25 % IACS |
T8, stress relieved by stretching | Plate temper with low residual stress for machined monolithic parts (isogrids, fittings). | 585 | 630 | 7 | 170 HB | 26 % IACS |
Solution treated, ~1% cold worked and artificially aged | Light-stretch T8 variant for sheet where flatness matters more than absolute peak strength. | 600 | 640 | 6 | 172 HB | 26 % IACS |
T8Default Solution heat treated, cold worked and artificially aged | Standard supply condition: peak-strength temper for cryogenic tanks and high-strength aerospace structure. | 610 | 650 | 7 | 175 HB | 26 % IACS |
Solution treated, cold worked (higher strain) and artificially aged | Higher stretch level for maximum strength sheet used in launch-vehicle tank barrels. | 625 | 665 | 6 | 180 HB | 25.5 % IACS |
T8 with 7 % cold work | Maximum-strength Weldalite temper for cryogenic tank skins; lowest ductility and toughness. | 650 | 690 | 5 | 188 HB | 27 % IACS |
What is 2095-T3?
2095-T3 is 2095 in the T3 temper — intermediate strength with useful ductility; used as a forming/assembly condition before final artificial aging. 2095-T3 has a yield strength of 380 MPa (55.1 ksi) and a tensile strength of 505 MPa (73.2 ksi) — stronger than 86% of aluminum grades. Elongation at break is 13% and the elastic modulus is 78 GPa (11.3 Msi). 2095-T3 has a density of 2.71 g/cm³ (0.0979 lb/in³), heavier than 51% of aluminum grades. It melts at 560°C (1,040 °F). T8 is the default condition FabDigit quotes; T3 is available on request or by drawing note.
Advantages
- Tough — resists crack growth — 40 MPa·√m (36.4 ksi·√in), better than 98% of aluminum grades
- High strength — 380 MPa (55.1 ksi), better than 86% of aluminum grades
- Ductile — tolerates forming and impact — 13%, better than 79% of aluminum grades
Limitations
- Poor heat conductor — 76 W/m·K (43.9 BTU/hr·ft·°F), worse than 100% of aluminum grades
- Low electrical conductivity — 22 % IACS, worse than 98% of aluminum grades
- Needs corrosion protection — 30/100, worse than 98% of aluminum grades
- Limited service temperature — 100°C (212 °F), worse than 91% of aluminum grades
2095-T3 properties
Typical room-temperature values for 2095-T3; 20 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are 2095 reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among aluminum grades.
Physical3
2095-T3 has a density of 2.71 g/cm³ (0.0979 lb/in³), heavier than 51% of aluminum grades. It melts at 560°C (1,040 °F).
Mechanical13
2095-T3 has a yield strength of 380 MPa (55.1 ksi) and a tensile strength of 505 MPa (73.2 ksi) — stronger than 86% of aluminum grades. Elongation at break is 13% and the elastic modulus is 78 GPa (11.3 Msi).
Thermal6
2095-T3 is rated for continuous service to 100°C (212 °F). It conducts heat at 76 W/m·K (43.9 BTU/hr·ft·°F), worse than 100% of aluminum grades. Thermal expansion is 22 µm/m·K (12.2 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
2095-T3 conducts electricity at 22 % IACS, worse than 98% of aluminum grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is poor (30/100), worse than 98% of aluminum grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of 2095-T3 takes about 215 MJ of energy and emits 13.5 kg of CO₂ — more than 93% of aluminum grades. Typical recycled content is 5%.
Manufacturability8
2095-T3's machinability is good (55/100, worse than 59% of aluminum grades); weldability good (60/100); formability fair (45/100).
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with 2095-T3
Is 2095 easy to machine?
Machines like 2024-T851 with sharp carbide tooling and flood coolant; Li-bearing chips oxidize readily — keep fines dry and avoid water-based fire fighting on swarf.
Can 2095 be welded?
Designed for fusion welding (VPPA/GTAW) with 2319 or matching Al-Cu-Li filler; use tight cleaning, low heat input and post-weld solution+age or local re-aging to recover joint strength; FSW gives the best properties.
Can 2095 be formed, bent or molded?
Form in O/T3/T4 only; T8 tempers have <8% elongation and crack readily — hot form 300–450 °C or stretch-form after solution treatment, then artificially age.
What surface finishes work on 2095?
Chromic or tartaric-sulfuric anodize plus epoxy primer for corrosion control; avoid bare service in chloride environments and watch for exfoliation at short-transverse machined faces.
2095 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| Siimpurity limit | ≤ 0.12 | — |
| Feimpurity limit | ≤ 0.15 | — |
| Cu | 3.9 – 4.6 | 4.2 |
| Mn | ≤ 0.25 | — |
| Mg | 0.25 – 0.8 | 0.4 |
| Lidensity reducer / strengthener | 0.7 – 1.5 | 1.2 |
| Agpromotes T1 precipitation | 0.25 – 0.6 | 0.4 |
| Zrgrain-structure control | 0.04 – 0.18 | 0.12 |
| Zn | ≤ 0.25 | — |
| Ti | ≤ 0.1 | — |
| Others (each) | ≤ 0.05 | — |
| Others (total) | ≤ 0.15 | — |
| Al | balance | — |
2095-T3 — frequently asked
What is 2095-T3 used for?
2095-T3 is typically used for cryogenic fuel tank structures, aerospace weight-critical structures and launch vehicle skins. In short: weldable Al-Li alloy; highest-strength 2000-series grade; low density, high stiffness.
What is the yield strength of 2095-T3?
2095-T3 has a typical yield strength of 380 MPa (55.1 ksi) and a tensile strength of 505 MPa (73.2 ksi) — stronger than 86% of aluminum grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 10 listed tempers.
Is 2095-T3 easy to machine?
Reasonably — machinability is rated good (55/100, worse than 59% of aluminum grades). Machines like 2024-T851 with sharp carbide tooling and flood coolant; Li-bearing chips oxidize readily — keep fines dry and avoid water-based fire fighting on swarf.
Can 2095-T3 be welded?
Yes — weldability is rated good (60/100). Designed for fusion welding (VPPA/GTAW) with 2319 or matching Al-Cu-Li filler; use tight cleaning, low heat input and post-weld solution+age or local re-aging to recover joint strength; FSW gives the best properties.
What surface finishes work on 2095-T3?
Chromic or tartaric-sulfuric anodize plus epoxy primer for corrosion control; avoid bare service in chloride environments and watch for exfoliation at short-transverse machined faces.
Can 2095-T3 be formed, bent or molded?
Form in O/T3/T4 only; T8 tempers have <8% elongation and crack readily — hot form 300–450 °C or stretch-form after solution treatment, then artificially age.
What is the maximum service temperature of 2095-T3?
2095-T3 is rated for continuous use to about 100°C (212 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between 2095-T8 and 2095-O?
T8 is the default condition — standard supply condition: peak-strength temper for cryogenic tanks and high-strength aerospace structure. O: softest condition for severe forming or intermediate machining before heat treatment. Yield strength is 610 MPa in T8 versus 140 MPa in O.
Sources
- International Alloy Designations and Chemical Composition Limits for Wrought Aluminum (Teal Sheets) — The Aluminum Association (2018)
- ASM Handbook Vol. 2 — Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys (Al-Li alloys) — ASM International (1990)
- Aluminum-Lithium Alloys: Processing, Properties and Applications — Elsevier/Butterworth-Heinemann (2014)
- Weldalite 049 / 2095 alloy technical data — Lockheed Martin / Reynolds Metals (1995)
- ASM Handbook Vol. 13B — Corrosion of Aluminum Alloys — ASM International (2005)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.