Aluminum 2A25-T651
Temper
GB 2A25
T651 = t6, stress relieved by stretching
Choose for large milled medium plate: stretching after solution treatment and before artificial ageing cuts residual stress so machined parts hold shape at 400 MPa yield.
Values for the T651 condition
Other 2A25 tempers and conditions
2A25 is listed in 7 conditions; see the grade overview at 2A25.
Compare all 7 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Annealed | Pick the annealed state for maximum ductility in deep working or intermediate forming, then solution treat and age; 18% elongation at 215 MPa tensile. | 105 | 215 | 18 | 50 HB | 50 % IACS |
As fabricated | Take as-forged blanks with no heat treatment when you will perform your own solution treatment and ageing; the 250 MPa tensile figure is indicative only. | 150 | 250 | 14 | 75 HB | 47 % IACS |
Strain hardened from hot working only | Choose for hot-rolled plate or extruded blanks supplied as-fabricated with guaranteed properties (160 MPa yield, 265 MPa tensile) when you will carry out solution treatment and ageing yourself. | 160 | 265 | 13 | 80 HB | 46 % IACS |
Solution heat treated and naturally aged | Choose solution treated and naturally aged material for moderate strength (400 MPa tensile) with 15% elongation, or when artificial ageing will follow forming. | 250 | 400 | 15 | 105 HB | 34 % IACS |
T6, stress relieved by compression | Pick for hand and die forgings needing low residual stress and dimensional stability after machining; compression stress relief precedes artificial ageing, 390 MPa yield. | 390 | 450 | 9 | 130 HB | 40 % IACS |
T6Default Solution heat treated and artificially aged | Standard delivery state for load-bearing forgings and medium plate: solution treated and artificially aged for peak 395 MPa yield, with elongation down to 9%. | 395 | 450 | 9 | 130 HB | 40 % IACS |
T651This page T6, stress relieved by stretching | Choose for large milled medium plate: stretching after solution treatment and before artificial ageing cuts residual stress so machined parts hold shape at 400 MPa yield. | 400 | 455 | 8 | 132 HB | 40 % IACS |
What is 2A25-T651?
2A25-T651 is 2A25 in the T651 temper — choose for large milled medium plate: stretching after solution treatment and before artificial ageing cuts residual stress so machined parts hold shape at 400 MPa yield. 2A25-T651 has a yield strength of 400 MPa (58 ksi) and a tensile strength of 455 MPa (66 ksi) — stronger than 88% of aluminum grades. Elongation at break is 8% and the elastic modulus is 72 GPa (10.4 Msi). 2A25-T651 has a density of 2.8 g/cm³ (0.101 lb/in³), heavier than 81% of aluminum grades. It melts at 507°C (945 °F). T6 is the default condition FabDigit quotes; T651 is available on request or by drawing note.
Advantages
- High strength — 400 MPa (58 ksi), better than 88% of aluminum grades
- Easy to machine — 72/100, better than 80% of aluminum grades
Limitations
- High embodied carbon — 14 kg CO₂/kg, worse than 95% of aluminum grades
- Needs corrosion protection — 33/100, worse than 91% of aluminum grades
- Difficult to weld — 25/100, worse than 76% of aluminum grades
2A25-T651 properties
Typical room-temperature values for 2A25-T651; 22 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are 2A25 reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among aluminum grades.
Physical3
2A25-T651 has a density of 2.8 g/cm³ (0.101 lb/in³), heavier than 81% of aluminum grades. It melts at 507°C (945 °F).
Mechanical15
2A25-T651 has a yield strength of 400 MPa (58 ksi) and a tensile strength of 455 MPa (66 ksi) — stronger than 88% of aluminum grades. Elongation at break is 8% and the elastic modulus is 72 GPa (10.4 Msi).
Thermal6
2A25-T651 is rated for continuous service to 150°C (302 °F). It conducts heat at 155 W/m·K (89.6 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 71% of aluminum grades. Thermal expansion is 22.5 µm/m·K (12.5 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
2A25-T651 conducts electricity at 40 % IACS, better than 72% of aluminum grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is poor (33/100), worse than 91% of aluminum grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of 2A25-T651 takes about 200 MJ of energy and emits 14 kg of CO₂ — less than 60% of aluminum grades. Typical recycled content is 15%.
Manufacturability8
2A25-T651's machinability is very good (72/100, better than 80% of aluminum grades); weldability poor (25/100); formability poor (25/100).
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with 2A25-T651
Is 2A25 easy to machine?
Chips break well in T6 and the alloy takes high-speed milling; use sharp positive-rake tooling with emulsion coolant. Avoid machining in the annealed temper, where the material smears and builds up on the cutting edge.
Can 2A25 be welded?
Sensitive to hot cracking, so MIG and TIG welding are generally not recommended. Prefer mechanical fastening, riveting or friction stir welding, and re-solution treat and age after any welding.
Can 2A25 be formed, bent or molded?
Forge at about 420–470 °C, where hot workability is good. T6 leaves almost no cold-forming margin, so bending should be carried out in O or T4 and the part heat treated afterwards.
What surface finishes work on 2A25?
Hard anodize, or apply a chromate or chrome-free conversion coating as a paint base. The high copper content makes decorative anodizing dark and uneven in colour.
2A25 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| Cumain strengthening element, same level as 2014A | 3.9 – 4.8 | 4.3 |
| Si | 0.5 – 1.2 | 0.8 |
| Mg | 0.4 – 0.8 | 0.6 |
| Mngrain refinement, suppresses recrystallization | 0.4 – 1 | 0.7 |
| Feimpurity limit | ≤ 0.5 | — |
| Znimpurity limit | ≤ 0.3 | — |
| Tigrain refinement | ≤ 0.15 | — |
| Niimpurity limit | ≤ 0.1 | — |
| Albalance; limits per current GB/T 3190 and supplier certificate | balance | — |
2A25-T651 — frequently asked
What is 2A25-T651 used for?
2A25-T651 is typically used for structural die forgings, thick plate for machined airframe fittings, highly loaded brackets and lugs, forged levers and links, machined bulkhead and joint fittings and plate for jig and fixture bodies. In short: high-strength 2000-series forging alloy; 2014A strength class; not fusion weldable.
What is the yield strength of 2A25-T651?
2A25-T651 has a typical yield strength of 400 MPa (58 ksi) and a tensile strength of 455 MPa (66 ksi) — stronger than 88% of aluminum grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 7 listed tempers.
Is 2A25-T651 easy to machine?
Yes — machinability is rated very good (72/100, better than 80% of aluminum grades). Chips break well in T6 and the alloy takes high-speed milling; use sharp positive-rake tooling with emulsion coolant. Avoid machining in the annealed temper, where the material smears and builds up on the cutting edge.
Can 2A25-T651 be welded?
Not readily — weldability is rated poor (25/100). Sensitive to hot cracking, so MIG and TIG welding are generally not recommended. Prefer mechanical fastening, riveting or friction stir welding, and re-solution treat and age after any welding.
What surface finishes work on 2A25-T651?
Hard anodize, or apply a chromate or chrome-free conversion coating as a paint base. The high copper content makes decorative anodizing dark and uneven in colour.
Can 2A25-T651 be formed, bent or molded?
Forge at about 420–470 °C, where hot workability is good. T6 leaves almost no cold-forming margin, so bending should be carried out in O or T4 and the part heat treated afterwards.
What is the maximum service temperature of 2A25-T651?
2A25-T651 is rated for continuous use to about 150°C (302 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between 2A25-T6 and 2A25-O?
T6 is the default condition — standard delivery state for load-bearing forgings and medium plate: solution treated and artificially aged for peak 395 MPa yield, with elongation down to 9%. O: pick the annealed state for maximum ductility in deep working or intermediate forming, then solution treat and age; 18% elongation at 215 MPa tensile. Yield strength is 395 MPa in T6 versus 105 MPa in O.
Sources
- ASM Handbook Vol.2: Properties and Selection — Nonferrous Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- MMPDS-17 (2014/2014A typical properties, ) — Battelle (2022)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.