Aluminum 2A14-T651
Temper
GB 2A14
T651 = t6, stress relieved by stretching
Pick for thick plate or bar that will be heavily machined and must stay dimensionally stable.
Values for the T651 condition
Other 2A14 tempers and conditions
2A14 is listed in 6 conditions; see the grade overview at 2A14.
Compare all 6 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Annealed | Softest condition for deep forming, straightening or re-machining before heat treatment. | 95 | 185 | 18 | 45 HB | 50 % IACS |
Strain hardened from hot working only | Commercial as-extruded/as-forged stock bought for subsequent solution treatment and ageing. | 160 | 280 | 12 | 75 HB | 45 % IACS |
Solution heat treated and naturally aged | Chosen when moderate strength with much better ductility for bending/riveting is needed before final ageing. | 255 | 420 | 18 | 105 HB | 34 % IACS |
T6, heat treated by the user | Same property target as T6 but heat treated after forming/machining of annealed or as-fabricated stock. | 395 | 470 | 10 | 132 HB | 40 % IACS |
T6Default Solution heat treated and artificially aged | Standard high-strength delivery condition for 2A14 forgings, extrusions and bar. | 400 | 480 | 10 | 135 HB | 40 % IACS |
T651This page T6, stress relieved by stretching | Pick for thick plate or bar that will be heavily machined and must stay dimensionally stable. | 415 | 470 | 9 | 135 HB | 40 % IACS |
What is 2A14-T651?
2A14-T651 is 2A14 in the T651 temper — pick for thick plate or bar that will be heavily machined and must stay dimensionally stable. 2A14-T651 has a yield strength of 415 MPa (60.2 ksi) and a tensile strength of 470 MPa (68.2 ksi) — stronger than 89% of aluminum grades. Elongation at break is 9% and the elastic modulus is 72 GPa (10.4 Msi). 2A14-T651 has a density of 2.8 g/cm³ (0.101 lb/in³), heavier than 81% of aluminum grades. It melts at 507°C (945 °F). T6 is the default condition FabDigit quotes; T651 is available on request or by drawing note.
Advantages
- High strength — 415 MPa (60.2 ksi), better than 89% of aluminum grades
- Easy to machine — 72/100, better than 80% of aluminum grades
Limitations
- Needs corrosion protection — 32/100, worse than 94% of aluminum grades
- Difficult to weld — 25/100, worse than 76% of aluminum grades
2A14-T651 properties
Typical room-temperature values for 2A14-T651; 21 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are 2A14 reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among aluminum grades.
Physical3
2A14-T651 has a density of 2.8 g/cm³ (0.101 lb/in³), heavier than 81% of aluminum grades. It melts at 507°C (945 °F).
Mechanical14
2A14-T651 has a yield strength of 415 MPa (60.2 ksi) and a tensile strength of 470 MPa (68.2 ksi) — stronger than 89% of aluminum grades. Elongation at break is 9% and the elastic modulus is 72 GPa (10.4 Msi).
Thermal6
2A14-T651 is rated for continuous service to 150°C (302 °F). It conducts heat at 155 W/m·K (89.6 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 71% of aluminum grades. Thermal expansion is 22.5 µm/m·K (12.5 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
2A14-T651 conducts electricity at 40 % IACS, better than 72% of aluminum grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is poor (32/100), worse than 94% of aluminum grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of 2A14-T651 takes about 205 MJ of energy and emits 12.5 kg of CO₂ — more than 76% of aluminum grades. Typical recycled content is 10%.
Manufacturability8
2A14-T651's machinability is very good (72/100, better than 80% of aluminum grades); weldability poor (25/100); formability poor (28/100).
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with 2A14-T651
Is 2A14 easy to machine?
Machines well in T4/T6 with sharp carbide tooling, high speed and flood coolant; long chips in O temper, so age-harden before finish machining for best surface.
Can 2A14 be welded?
Fusion welding is not recommended (hot cracking, big HAZ strength loss); join by riveting, bolting or friction stir welding, and re-heat-treat plus age if arc welding is unavoidable.
Can 2A14 be formed, bent or molded?
Excellent hot workability at 420–470 °C for die forging and extrusion; cold form only in O or freshly quenched W/T4 condition, T6 parts should not be bent.
What surface finishes work on 2A14?
Use chromic or hard anodizing plus primer/topcoat, or Alclad/cladding, for corrosion protection; decorative bright anodizing gives a dull yellow tint because of the 4 % Cu.
2A14 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| Si | 0.6 – 1.2 | 0.9 |
| Cu | 3.9 – 4.8 | 4.3 |
| Mg | 0.4 – 0.8 | 0.6 |
| Mn | 0.4 – 1 | 0.7 |
| Feimpurity limit | ≤ 0.7 | — |
| Znimpurity limit | ≤ 0.3 | — |
| Niimpurity limit | ≤ 0.1 | — |
| Tigrain refiner | ≤ 0.15 | — |
| Others (each)total ≤ 0.10 | ≤ 0.05 | — |
| Al | balance | — |
2A14-T651 — frequently asked
What is 2A14-T651 used for?
2A14-T651 is typically used for forged aircraft fittings, structural airframe forgings, extruded profiles and stringers, highly stressed machined brackets, die-forged levers and links and high-strength bolt and stud blanks. In short: forging-grade 2000-series alloy; highest strength in group; 2014-equivalent forgings.
What is the yield strength of 2A14-T651?
2A14-T651 has a typical yield strength of 415 MPa (60.2 ksi) and a tensile strength of 470 MPa (68.2 ksi) — stronger than 89% of aluminum grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 6 listed tempers.
Is 2A14-T651 easy to machine?
Yes — machinability is rated very good (72/100, better than 80% of aluminum grades). Machines well in T4/T6 with sharp carbide tooling, high speed and flood coolant; long chips in O temper, so age-harden before finish machining for best surface.
Can 2A14-T651 be welded?
Not readily — weldability is rated poor (25/100). Fusion welding is not recommended (hot cracking, big HAZ strength loss); join by riveting, bolting or friction stir welding, and re-heat-treat plus age if arc welding is unavoidable.
What surface finishes work on 2A14-T651?
Use chromic or hard anodizing plus primer/topcoat, or Alclad/cladding, for corrosion protection; decorative bright anodizing gives a dull yellow tint because of the 4 % Cu.
Can 2A14-T651 be formed, bent or molded?
Excellent hot workability at 420–470 °C for die forging and extrusion; cold form only in O or freshly quenched W/T4 condition, T6 parts should not be bent.
What is the maximum service temperature of 2A14-T651?
2A14-T651 is rated for continuous use to about 150°C (302 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between 2A14-T6 and 2A14-O?
T6 is the default condition — standard high-strength delivery condition for 2A14 forgings, extrusions and bar. O: softest condition for deep forming, straightening or re-machining before heat treatment. Yield strength is 400 MPa in T6 versus 95 MPa in O.
Sources
- ASM Handbook Vol.2: Properties and Selection — Nonferrous Alloys (AA2014 data) — ASM International (1990)
- Aluminum Association Teal Sheets — International Alloy Designations — The Aluminum Association (2018)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.