Aluminum 2A10-T4
Temper · default condition
GB 2A10
T4 = solution heat treated and naturally aged
Standard supply condition for 2A10 rivet wire and rod: high shear strength with retained driveability after quenching (or after refrigeration).
Values for the T4 condition
Other 2A10 tempers and conditions
2A10 is listed in 4 conditions; see the grade overview at 2A10.
Compare all 4 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Annealed | Softest condition for wire drawing, heading and severe cold forming before heat treatment. | 80 | 185 | 24 | 45 HB | 45 % IACS |
Strain hardened from hot working only | As-extruded/as-drawn stock bought for subsequent solution treatment by the fastener maker. | 130 | 250 | 16 | 65 HB | 40 % IACS |
T4DefaultThis page Solution heat treated and naturally aged | Standard supply condition for 2A10 rivet wire and rod: high shear strength with retained driveability after quenching (or after refrigeration). | 245 | 390 | 18 | 100 HB | 30 % IACS |
Solution heat treated and artificially aged | Choose when maximum yield strength and dimensional stability are needed on machined parts rather than driveable rivets. | 340 | 420 | 10 | 118 HB | 35 % IACS |
What is 2A10-T4?
2A10-T4 is 2A10 in the T4 temper — standard supply condition for 2A10 rivet wire and rod: high shear strength with retained driveability after quenching (or after refrigeration). 2A10-T4 has a yield strength of 245 MPa (35.5 ksi) and a tensile strength of 390 MPa (56.6 ksi) — stronger than 64% of aluminum grades. Elongation at break is 18% and the elastic modulus is 72 GPa (10.4 Msi). 2A10-T4 has a density of 2.8 g/cm³ (0.101 lb/in³), heavier than 81% of aluminum grades. It melts at 512°C (954 °F).
Advantages
- Ductile — tolerates forming and impact — 18%, better than 86% of aluminum grades
- Tough — resists crack growth — 30 MPa·√m (27.3 ksi·√in), better than 76% of aluminum grades
Limitations
- Difficult to weld — 18/100, worse than 94% of aluminum grades
- Needs corrosion protection — 33/100, worse than 91% of aluminum grades
- Limited service temperature — 120°C (248 °F), worse than 79% of aluminum grades
2A10-T4 properties
Typical room-temperature values for 2A10-T4; 15 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are 2A10 reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among aluminum grades.
Physical3
2A10-T4 has a density of 2.8 g/cm³ (0.101 lb/in³), heavier than 81% of aluminum grades. It melts at 512°C (954 °F).
Mechanical12
2A10-T4 has a yield strength of 245 MPa (35.5 ksi) and a tensile strength of 390 MPa (56.6 ksi) — stronger than 64% of aluminum grades. Elongation at break is 18% and the elastic modulus is 72 GPa (10.4 Msi).
Thermal6
2A10-T4 is rated for continuous service to 120°C (248 °F). It conducts heat at 130 W/m·K (75.1 BTU/hr·ft·°F), worse than 65% of aluminum grades. Thermal expansion is 22.9 µm/m·K (12.7 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
2A10-T4 conducts electricity at 30 % IACS, worse than 73% of aluminum grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is poor (33/100), worse than 91% of aluminum grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of 2A10-T4 takes about 205 MJ of energy and emits 12.5 kg of CO₂ — more than 76% of aluminum grades. Typical recycled content is 10%.
Manufacturability6
2A10-T4's machinability is very good (70/100, better than 72% of aluminum grades); weldability poor (18/100); formability fair (45/100).
Common Calculations5
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with 2A10-T4
Is 2A10 easy to machine?
Machines cleanly in T4/T6 with sharp carbide tools, high speed and flood coolant; chips break better than in O temper.
Can 2A10 be welded?
Not suited to fusion welding (hot cracking, loss of temper) — join by riveting, bolting or adhesive; resistance spot welding possible with qualified schedules.
Can 2A10 be formed, bent or molded?
Head and upset rivets in the freshly quenched (or refrigerated) T4 state; anneal to O for heavy cold drawing/bending, then re-solution treat.
What surface finishes work on 2A10?
Chromic or sulfuric anodize plus primer/chromate conversion for corrosion protection; bare Cu-rich surface must not be left unprotected in marine service.
2A10 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| Cu | 3.9 – 4.5 | 4.2 |
| Mn | 0.3 – 0.5 | 0.4 |
| Mglow Mg keeps rivets driveable after quench | 0.15 – 0.3 | 0.22 |
| Siimpurity | ≤ 0.25 | — |
| Feimpurity | ≤ 0.2 | — |
| Znimpurity | ≤ 0.1 | — |
| Tigrain refiner | ≤ 0.15 | — |
| Niimpurity | ≤ 0.1 | — |
| Others (each)total 0.15 max | ≤ 0.05 | — |
| Al | balance | — |
2A10-T4 — frequently asked
What is 2A10-T4 used for?
2A10-T4 is typically used for aircraft solid rivets, rivet and fastener wire stock, riveted airframe joints, cold-headed pins and studs, screw-machine fastener bar and structural assembly hardware. In short: dedicated aircraft rivet alloy; 18 % elongation rivet stock; cold-headable in T4.
What is the yield strength of 2A10-T4?
2A10-T4 has a typical yield strength of 245 MPa (35.5 ksi) and a tensile strength of 390 MPa (56.6 ksi) — stronger than 64% of aluminum grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 4 listed tempers.
Is 2A10-T4 easy to machine?
Yes — machinability is rated very good (70/100, better than 72% of aluminum grades). Machines cleanly in T4/T6 with sharp carbide tools, high speed and flood coolant; chips break better than in O temper.
Can 2A10-T4 be welded?
Not readily — weldability is rated poor (18/100). Not suited to fusion welding (hot cracking, loss of temper) — join by riveting, bolting or adhesive; resistance spot welding possible with qualified schedules.
What surface finishes work on 2A10-T4?
Chromic or sulfuric anodize plus primer/chromate conversion for corrosion protection; bare Cu-rich surface must not be left unprotected in marine service.
Can 2A10-T4 be formed, bent or molded?
Head and upset rivets in the freshly quenched (or refrigerated) T4 state; anneal to O for heavy cold drawing/bending, then re-solution treat.
What is the maximum service temperature of 2A10-T4?
2A10-T4 is rated for continuous use to about 120°C (248 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between 2A10-T4 and 2A10-O?
T4 is the default condition — standard supply condition for 2A10 rivet wire and rod: high shear strength with retained driveability after quenching (or after refrigeration). O: softest condition for wire drawing, heading and severe cold forming before heat treatment. Yield strength is 245 MPa in T4 versus 80 MPa in O.
Sources
- ASM Handbook Vol.2 — Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- ASM Handbook Vol.13B — Corrosion: Materials — ASM International (2005)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.