Aluminum 2419-T851
Temper · default condition
AA 2419 · UNS A92419
T851 = t8, stress relieved by stretching
The standard damage-tolerant plate temper: best combination of strength, fracture toughness and machining stability.
Values for the T851 condition
Other 2419 tempers and conditions
2419 is listed in 10 conditions; see the grade overview at 2419.
Compare all 10 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Annealed | Softest condition for heavy forming, flattening or machining before solution treatment. | 76 | 172 | 18 | 46 HB | 44 % IACS |
Solution treated, cold worked ~1 %, naturally aged | Intermediate temper supplied for forming/welding of tank barrels before final artificial ageing to T81/T87. | 250 | 360 | 17 | 100 HB | 28 % IACS |
T3, stress relieved by stretching | Low-residual-stress plate for rough machining of large parts that are later aged to T851. | 250 | 360 | 16 | 100 HB | 28 % IACS |
T6, heat treated by the user | Applied to weldments and formed parts that must be re-solution-treated and aged after fabrication. | 290 | 415 | 10 | 115 HB | 30 % IACS |
Solution treated, cold worked ~7 %, naturally aged | Heavily stretched intermediate temper used as the precursor to the high-strength T87 condition. | 315 | 395 | 11 | 117 HB | 28 % IACS |
Solution treated, compressively stress-relieved, artificially aged | Hand and die forgings (bulkheads, fittings) where low residual stress is needed before deep machining. | 345 | 440 | 8 | 128 HB | 30 % IACS |
T851DefaultThis page T8, stress relieved by stretching | The standard damage-tolerant plate temper: best combination of strength, fracture toughness and machining stability. | 350 | 455 | 10 | 130 HB | 30 % IACS |
Solution treated, cold worked ~1 %, artificially aged | Sheet/thin-plate service temper with good strength retention at elevated temperature after welding and ageing. | 350 | 455 | 10 | 130 HB | 30 % IACS |
Solution treated, stretched with minor straightening, artificially aged | Extruded stringers, frames and rings needing T8-level strength with controlled residual stress. | 360 | 460 | 9 | 132 HB | 30 % IACS |
T8 with 7 % cold work | Highest-strength standard temper, used for launch-vehicle tank plate and welded pressure structure. | 395 | 475 | 10 | 135 HB | 30 % IACS |
What is 2419-T851?
2419-T851 is 2419 in the T851 temper — the standard damage-tolerant plate temper: best combination of strength, fracture toughness and machining stability. 2419-T851 has a yield strength of 350 MPa (50.8 ksi) and a tensile strength of 455 MPa (66 ksi) — stronger than 83% of aluminum grades. Elongation at break is 10% and the elastic modulus is 73.1 GPa (10.6 Msi). 2419-T851 has a density of 2.84 g/cm³ (0.103 lb/in³), heavier than 93% of aluminum grades. It melts at 543°C (1,009 °F).
Advantages
- Tough — resists crack growth — 40 MPa·√m (36.4 ksi·√in), better than 98% of aluminum grades
- Easy to machine — 75/100, better than 86% of aluminum grades
- High strength — 350 MPa (50.8 ksi), better than 83% of aluminum grades
- High service temperature — 175°C (347 °F), better than 83% of aluminum grades
Limitations
- Needs corrosion protection — 33/100, worse than 91% of aluminum grades
- Poor heat conductor — 120 W/m·K (69.3 BTU/hr·ft·°F), worse than 80% of aluminum grades
2419-T851 properties
Typical room-temperature values for 2419-T851; 11 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are 2419 reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among aluminum grades.
Physical3
2419-T851 has a density of 2.84 g/cm³ (0.103 lb/in³), heavier than 93% of aluminum grades. It melts at 543°C (1,009 °F).
Mechanical14
2419-T851 has a yield strength of 350 MPa (50.8 ksi) and a tensile strength of 455 MPa (66 ksi) — stronger than 83% of aluminum grades. Elongation at break is 10% and the elastic modulus is 73.1 GPa (10.6 Msi).
Thermal6
2419-T851 is rated for continuous service to 175°C (347 °F). It conducts heat at 120 W/m·K (69.3 BTU/hr·ft·°F), worse than 80% of aluminum grades. Thermal expansion is 22.3 µm/m·K (12.4 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
2419-T851 conducts electricity at 30 % IACS, worse than 73% of aluminum grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is poor (33/100), worse than 91% of aluminum grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of 2419-T851 takes about 205 MJ of energy and emits 12.5 kg of CO₂ — more than 76% of aluminum grades. Typical recycled content is 5%.
Manufacturability6
2419-T851's machinability is very good (75/100, better than 86% of aluminum grades); weldability very good (72/100); formability fair (35/100).
Common Calculations5
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with 2419-T851
Is 2419 easy to machine?
Machines well in T8 tempers with short chips; use sharp carbide tooling, high speed, generous coolant, and expect distortion if pre-stretched (T351/T851) plate is machined unevenly.
Can 2419 be welded?
One of the few readily fusion-weldable 2000-series alloys — GTAW/GMAW or FSW with 2319 filler; post-weld solution treat and age (T62) or age (T81/T87) to restore strength.
Can 2419 be formed, bent or molded?
Form in O or T3x tempers; T8 tempers have limited cold ductility and need generous bend radii or warm forming, with stretch-formed panels aged after shaping.
What surface finishes work on 2419?
Protect with chromic/sulfuric anodize plus primer or with alclad/paint systems; bare surfaces pit readily in chloride environments and copper content dulls anodic film color.
2419 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| Siimpurity limit tighter than 2219 | ≤ 0.15 | — |
| Feimpurity limit tighter than 2219 — key to toughness | ≤ 0.18 | — |
| Cu | 5.8 – 6.8 | 6.3 |
| Mn | 0.2 – 0.4 | 0.3 |
| Mg | ≤ 0.02 | — |
| Zn | ≤ 0.1 | — |
| Ti | 0.02 – 0.1 | 0.06 |
| V | 0.05 – 0.15 | 0.1 |
| Zr | 0.1 – 0.25 | 0.18 |
| Others (each) | ≤ 0.05 | — |
| Others (total) | ≤ 0.15 | — |
| Al | balance | — |
2419-T851 — frequently asked
What is 2419-T851 used for?
2419-T851 is typically used for aircraft structural plate, wing spars, fuselage bulkheads and frames, welded aerospace tank and pressure structures, machined ribs and fittings from thick plate and elevated-temperature airframe structure to 175 °C. In short: weldable 2000-series plate; higher toughness than 2024; 175 °C service capability.
What is the yield strength of 2419-T851?
2419-T851 has a typical yield strength of 350 MPa (50.8 ksi) and a tensile strength of 455 MPa (66 ksi) — stronger than 83% of aluminum grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 10 listed tempers.
Is 2419-T851 easy to machine?
Yes — machinability is rated very good (75/100, better than 86% of aluminum grades). Machines well in T8 tempers with short chips; use sharp carbide tooling, high speed, generous coolant, and expect distortion if pre-stretched (T351/T851) plate is machined unevenly.
Can 2419-T851 be welded?
Yes — weldability is rated very good (72/100). One of the few readily fusion-weldable 2000-series alloys — GTAW/GMAW or FSW with 2319 filler; post-weld solution treat and age (T62) or age (T81/T87) to restore strength.
What surface finishes work on 2419-T851?
Protect with chromic/sulfuric anodize plus primer or with alclad/paint systems; bare surfaces pit readily in chloride environments and copper content dulls anodic film color.
Can 2419-T851 be formed, bent or molded?
Form in O or T3x tempers; T8 tempers have limited cold ductility and need generous bend radii or warm forming, with stretch-formed panels aged after shaping.
What is the maximum service temperature of 2419-T851?
2419-T851 is rated for continuous use to about 175°C (347 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between 2419-T851 and 2419-O?
T851 is the default condition — the standard damage-tolerant plate temper: best combination of strength, fracture toughness and machining stability. O: softest condition for heavy forming, flattening or machining before solution treatment. Yield strength is 350 MPa in T851 versus 76 MPa in O.
Sources
- International Alloy Designations and Chemical Composition Limits for Wrought Aluminum (Teal Sheets) — The Aluminum Association (2018)
- ASM Handbook Vol. 2 — Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- MMPDS — Metallic Materials Properties Development and Standardization — FAA/Battelle (2023)
- AMS 4348 / AMS-QQ-A-250 series aluminium plate specifications — SAE International (2020)
- ASM Handbook Vol. 13B — Corrosion: Materials — ASM International (2005)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.