Aluminum 2319 · temper
Aluminum 2319-O
Properties of the O condition, compared with the other 2319 tempers.
Softest condition; used where the filler must be fed through tight liners or hand-formed before welding.
What is 2319-O?
2319-O is 2319 in the O temper — softest condition; used where the filler must be fed through tight liners or hand-formed before welding. 2319-O has a yield strength of 76 MPa (11 ksi) and a tensile strength of 175 MPa (25.4 ksi) — weaker than 90% of aluminum grades. Elongation at break is 18% and the elastic modulus is 73 GPa (10.6 Msi). 2319-O has a density of 2.84 g/cm³ (0.103 lb/in³), heavier than 93% of aluminum grades. It melts at 543°C (1,009 °F).
Advantages
- Readily welded — 92/100, better than 95% of aluminum grades
- Ductile — tolerates forming and impact — 18%, better than 86% of aluminum grades
- High electrical conductivity — 44 % IACS, better than 85% of aluminum grades
- Conducts heat well — 172 W/m·K (99.4 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 84% of aluminum grades
- Tough — resists crack growth — 32 MPa·√m (29.1 ksi·√in), better than 83% of aluminum grades
Limitations
- Needs corrosion protection — 32/100, worse than 94% of aluminum grades
- Low strength — 76 MPa (11 ksi), worse than 90% of aluminum grades
2319-O properties
Typical room-temperature values for 2319-O — 9 properties are specific to this condition; the rest are grade-level values shared by every 2319 temper. Each bar shows where the value sits among the aluminum grades in FabDigit's library — further right is higher.
Physical3
2319-O has a density of 2.84 g/cm³ (0.103 lb/in³), heavier than 93% of aluminum grades. It melts at 543°C (1,009 °F).
Mechanical11
2319-O has a yield strength of 76 MPa (11 ksi) and a tensile strength of 175 MPa (25.4 ksi) — weaker than 90% of aluminum grades. Elongation at break is 18% and the elastic modulus is 73 GPa (10.6 Msi).
Thermal6
2319-O is rated for continuous service to 175°C (347 °F). It conducts heat at 172 W/m·K (99.4 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 84% of aluminum grades. Thermal expansion is 22.3 µm/m·K (12.4 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
2319-O conducts electricity at 44 % IACS, better than 85% of aluminum grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is poor (32/100), worse than 94% of aluminum grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of 2319-O takes about 205 MJ of energy and emits 12.5 kg of CO₂ — more than 75% of aluminum grades. Typical recycled content is 10%.
Manufacturability8
2319-O's machinability is fair (45/100, worse than 72% of aluminum grades); weldability excellent (92/100); formability very good (70/100).
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Certified mill or lot data ships with every FabDigit order on request.
Other 2319 tempers and conditions
2319 is also supplied in 5 other conditions. The full side-by-side table is on the 2319 overview.
- T6Peak-strength condition for WAAM parts or repair deposits that can be fully heat treated after deposition.300 MPa yield · 118 HB
- T62Standard restoration treatment for 2219/2319 welded pressure vessels and cryogenic tanks; recovers most of the parent-metal strength.280 MPa yield · 115 HB
- T4Solution treat ≈535 °C, quench and naturally age; chosen when subsequent forming or a later artificial age is planned.195 MPa yield · 95 HB
- AWProperties of the all-weld-metal deposit in the condition most joints are left in; use when PWHT of the assembly is impossible.140 MPa yield · 70 HB
- OSoftest condition; used where the filler must be fed through tight liners or hand-formed before welding.76 MPa yield · 55 HB
Working with 2319-O
Is 2319 easy to machine?
Deposits machine like 2219 — sharp, high-rake carbide or PCD tools, flood coolant, best chip control in the aged (T6/T62) condition.
Can 2319 be welded?
This IS the filler: use with GTAW/GMAW on 2219, 2014, 2024 and Al-Cu castings; keep interpass temperature low and avoid 4xxx fillers on parts that will be re-heat-treated.
Can 2319 be formed, bent or molded?
Wire is drawn and spooled; annealed (O) stock hand-forms readily, drawn H-temper wire is springy and should not be sharply kinked before feeding.
What surface finishes work on 2319?
Chromic-acid or boric-sulfuric anodize and chromate/trivalent conversion coatings for corrosion protection; decorative sulfuric anodizing gives a dark uneven film because of the 6 % Cu.
2319 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| Cuprimary strengthening element | 5.8 – 6.8 | 6.3 |
| Mn | 0.2 – 0.4 | 0.3 |
| Tigrain refiner, higher than base alloy 2219 | 0.1 – 0.2 | 0.15 |
| V | 0.05 – 0.15 | 0.1 |
| Zr | 0.1 – 0.25 | 0.18 |
| Si | ≤ 0.2 | — |
| Fe | ≤ 0.3 | — |
| Mg | ≤ 0.02 | — |
| Zn | ≤ 0.1 | — |
| Bemax, where specified for filler metals | ≤ 8×10⁻⁴ | — |
| Others (each) | ≤ 0.05 | — |
| Others (total) | ≤ 0.15 | — |
| Al | balance | — |
2319-O — frequently asked
What is 2319-O used for?
2319-O is typically used for GTAW/GMAW filler wire for 2219 structures, cryogenic propellant tank welds, wire-arc additive manufacturing feedstock, repair welding of 2014 and 2024 assemblies, weld repair of Al-Cu castings and launch-vehicle structural weldments. In short: welding wire for 2219; filler metal.
What is the yield strength of 2319-O?
2319-O has a typical yield strength of 76 MPa (11 ksi) and a tensile strength of 175 MPa (25.4 ksi) — weaker than 90% of aluminum grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 6 listed tempers.
Is 2319-O easy to machine?
Reasonably — machinability is rated fair (45/100, worse than 72% of aluminum grades). Deposits machine like 2219 — sharp, high-rake carbide or PCD tools, flood coolant, best chip control in the aged (T6/T62) condition.
Can 2319-O be welded?
Yes — weldability is rated excellent (92/100). This IS the filler: use with GTAW/GMAW on 2219, 2014, 2024 and Al-Cu castings; keep interpass temperature low and avoid 4xxx fillers on parts that will be re-heat-treated.
What surface finishes work on 2319-O?
Chromic-acid or boric-sulfuric anodize and chromate/trivalent conversion coatings for corrosion protection; decorative sulfuric anodizing gives a dark uneven film because of the 6 % Cu.
Can 2319-O be formed, bent or molded?
Wire is drawn and spooled; annealed (O) stock hand-forms readily, drawn H-temper wire is springy and should not be sharply kinked before feeding.
What is the maximum service temperature of 2319-O?
2319-O is rated for continuous use to about 175°C (347 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
Can FabDigit make parts in 2319-O?
Yes — 2319-O is available for CNC machining and sheet metal with instant online pricing. Upload a STEP file to get a price and a DFM check.
Sources
- AWS A5.10/A5.10M — Bare Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Welding Electrodes and Rods (ER2319/R2319) — AWS (2021)
- International Alloy Designations and Chemical Composition Limits for Wrought Aluminum (Teal Sheets) — The Aluminum Association (2018)
- ASM Handbook Vol. 2 — Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys (alloy 2219 data) — ASM International (1990)
- ASM Handbook Vol. 6 — Welding, Brazing and Soldering (aluminium filler selection) — ASM International (1993)
- EN ISO 18273 — Welding consumables, wire and rods for aluminium and aluminium alloys — ISO (2015)
- ER2319 aluminium filler wire technical data — welding consumable producers (e.g. Lincoln/ESAB/Safra) (2023)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.