Aluminum 2219-T351
Temper
AA 2219 · UNS A92219 · EN AW-2219, AW 2219 · GB 2A16, LY16
T351 = t3, stress relieved by stretching
Low-residual-stress plate/bar version of T31 for machined parts that will later be aged or used as-is.
Values for the T351 condition
Other 2219 tempers and conditions
2219 is listed in 13 conditions; see the grade overview at 2219.
Compare all 13 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Annealed | Softest, most formable condition for deep forming or before re-solution treatment; annealed at ~415 °C with slow cool. | 76 | 172 | 18 | 45 HB | 44 % IACS |
Solution heat treated and naturally aged by the user | User-performed solution treatment plus natural aging, used when parts are formed in O temper and then heat treated. | 185 | 360 | 20 | 90 HB | 28 % IACS |
Solution heat treated, cold worked ~1 %, naturally aged | Intermediate condition for forming/welding of sheet and plate before final T81 artificial aging. | 248 | 360 | 17 | 100 HB | 28 % IACS |
Solution heat treated, cold worked and naturally aged | Solution-treated, cold-worked and naturally aged 2219 — moderate strength with good ductility and formability, the usual pre-weld/pre-age condition for sheet and plate. | 250 | 360 | 17 | 100 HB | 28 % IACS |
T351This page T3, stress relieved by stretching | Low-residual-stress plate/bar version of T31 for machined parts that will later be aged or used as-is. | 250 | 360 | 15 | 100 HB | 28 % IACS |
T6, heat treated by the user | Pick when parts are formed or welded soft and then given a full user solution + aging cycle; slightly lower strength than T81/T87. | 290 | 414 | 10 | 115 HB | 30 % IACS |
Solution heat treated and artificially aged | Standard peak-aged temper for 2219 die forgings, hand forgings and extrusions (AMS 4143). | 290 | 415 | 10 | 115 HB | 30 % IACS |
Solution heat treated and cold worked ~7 % | Heavily stretched pre-temper used as the starting stock for T87 tank plate; higher strength than T31 with lower ductility. | 315 | 393 | 11 | 110 HB | 28 % IACS |
Solution treated, mechanically stress-relieved (cold compressed),… | Forging temper (AMS 4144) with low residual stress and good short-transverse properties for machined cryogenic hardware. | 345 | 440 | 6 | 128 HB | 30 % IACS |
Solution heat treated, cold worked and artificially aged | Peak-aged 2219 after cold work — highest usable strength with retained cryogenic toughness and weldability, the standard aerospace tankage condition. | 350 | 455 | 10 | 130 HB | 30 % IACS |
T8, stress relieved by stretching | Low-residual-stress thick plate and rolled bar temper for machined structural fittings. | 350 | 455 | 8 | 132 HB | 30 % IACS |
Solution treated, cold worked, artificially aged | Final aged temper of T31 sheet/plate: high strength with better SCC resistance than naturally aged tempers. | 352 | 455 | 10 | 134 HB | 30 % IACS |
T87Default T8 with 7 % cold work | The classic launch-vehicle cryogenic tank plate temper: highest 2219 strength with good weld and cryogenic performance. | 393 | 476 | 10 | 130 HB | 30 % IACS |
What is 2219-T351?
2219-T351 is 2219 in the T351 temper — low-residual-stress plate/bar version of T31 for machined parts that will later be aged or used as-is. 2219-T351 has a yield strength of 250 MPa (36.3 ksi) and a tensile strength of 360 MPa (52.2 ksi) — stronger than 65% of aluminum grades. Elongation at break is 15% and the elastic modulus is 73.8 GPa (10.7 Msi). 2219-T351 has a density of 2.84 g/cm³ (0.103 lb/in³), heavier than 93% of aluminum grades. It melts at 543°C (1,009 °F). T87 is the default condition FabDigit quotes; T351 is available on request or by drawing note.
Advantages
- Tough — resists crack growth — 45 MPa·√m (41 ksi·√in), better than 100% of aluminum grades
- Ductile — tolerates forming and impact — 15%, better than 82% of aluminum grades
- Readily welded — 85/100, better than 79% of aluminum grades
Limitations
- Needs corrosion protection — 28/100, worse than 99% of aluminum grades
- Low electrical conductivity — 28 % IACS, worse than 82% of aluminum grades
- Poor heat conductor — 121 W/m·K (69.9 BTU/hr·ft·°F), worse than 76% of aluminum grades
2219-T351 properties
Typical room-temperature values for 2219-T351; 22 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are 2219 reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among aluminum grades.
Physical3
2219-T351 has a density of 2.84 g/cm³ (0.103 lb/in³), heavier than 93% of aluminum grades. It melts at 543°C (1,009 °F).
Mechanical12
2219-T351 has a yield strength of 250 MPa (36.3 ksi) and a tensile strength of 360 MPa (52.2 ksi) — stronger than 65% of aluminum grades. Elongation at break is 15% and the elastic modulus is 73.8 GPa (10.7 Msi).
Thermal6
2219-T351 is rated for continuous service to 150°C (302 °F). It conducts heat at 121 W/m·K (69.9 BTU/hr·ft·°F), worse than 76% of aluminum grades. Thermal expansion is 22.3 µm/m·K (12.4 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
2219-T351 conducts electricity at 28 % IACS, worse than 82% of aluminum grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is poor (28/100), worse than 99% of aluminum grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of 2219-T351 takes about 205 MJ of energy and emits 12.5 kg of CO₂ — more than 76% of aluminum grades. Typical recycled content is 5%.
Manufacturability8
2219-T351's machinability is good (62/100, better than 55% of aluminum grades); weldability excellent (85/100); formability fair (40/100).
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with 2219-T351
Is 2219 easy to machine?
Machines well in T8x tempers with sharp carbide tools, high speed and flood coolant; gummy and prone to built-up edge in O/T42.
Can 2219 be welded?
Best weldable 2000-series alloy — GTAW/GMAW/EBW/FSW with 2319 filler; welds are quench-sensitive, expect ~60–70 % of parent strength unless post-weld solution + age is possible.
Can 2219 be formed, bent or molded?
Form in O or T31/T42; T87 plate has low cold formability and should be brake-formed with generous radii or hot-formed 150–200 °C.
What surface finishes work on 2219?
Use chromic or thin sulfuric anodize plus primer for corrosion protection (Cu content darkens film); alkaline cleaning must be short to avoid intergranular attack; not suitable for bright decorative anodizing.
2219 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| Cumain strengthening addition | 5.8 – 6.8 | 6.3 |
| Mn | 0.2 – 0.4 | 0.3 |
| Si | ≤ 0.2 | — |
| Fe | ≤ 0.3 | — |
| Mg | ≤ 0.02 | — |
| Zn | ≤ 0.1 | — |
| Tigrain refiner | 0.02 – 0.1 | 0.06 |
| Velevated-temperature stability | 0.05 – 0.15 | 0.1 |
| Zrgrain-structure control, weld crack resistance | 0.1 – 0.25 | 0.18 |
| Others (each)each | ≤ 0.05 | — |
| Others (total)total | ≤ 0.15 | — |
| Al | balance | — |
2219-T351 — frequently asked
What is 2219-T351 used for?
2219-T351 is typically used for cryogenic propellant tanks, missile and launch-vehicle structures, welded cryogenic pressure vessels, supersonic airframe structures, machined aerospace forgings and elevated-temperature structural fittings. In short: weldable + cryogenic; aerospace tank.
What is the yield strength of 2219-T351?
2219-T351 has a typical yield strength of 250 MPa (36.3 ksi) and a tensile strength of 360 MPa (52.2 ksi) — stronger than 65% of aluminum grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 13 listed tempers.
Is 2219-T351 easy to machine?
Reasonably — machinability is rated good (62/100, better than 55% of aluminum grades). Machines well in T8x tempers with sharp carbide tools, high speed and flood coolant; gummy and prone to built-up edge in O/T42.
Can 2219-T351 be welded?
Yes — weldability is rated excellent (85/100). Best weldable 2000-series alloy — GTAW/GMAW/EBW/FSW with 2319 filler; welds are quench-sensitive, expect ~60–70 % of parent strength unless post-weld solution + age is possible.
What surface finishes work on 2219-T351?
Use chromic or thin sulfuric anodize plus primer for corrosion protection (Cu content darkens film); alkaline cleaning must be short to avoid intergranular attack; not suitable for bright decorative anodizing.
Can 2219-T351 be formed, bent or molded?
Form in O or T31/T42; T87 plate has low cold formability and should be brake-formed with generous radii or hot-formed 150–200 °C.
What is the maximum service temperature of 2219-T351?
2219-T351 is rated for continuous use to about 150°C (302 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between 2219-T87 and 2219-O?
T87 is the default condition — the classic launch-vehicle cryogenic tank plate temper: highest 2219 strength with good weld and cryogenic performance. O: softest, most formable condition for deep forming or before re-solution treatment; annealed at ~415 °C with slow cool. Yield strength is 393 MPa in T87 versus 76 MPa in O.
Can FabDigit make parts in 2219-T351?
Yes — 2219-T351 is available for CNC machining and sheet metal; every part is priced by an engineer rather than instantly. Upload a STEP file to get a price and a DFM check.
Sources
- Aluminum Association Teal Sheets — International Alloy Designations and Chemical Composition Limits — The Aluminum Association (2018)
- ASTM B209 / B209M — Aluminum Sheet and Plate — ASTM (2021)
- AMS-QQ-A-250/30 — 2219 Aluminum Alloy Plate and Sheet — SAE (2016)
- AMS 4143 / AMS 4144 — 2219 Forgings (T6, T852) — SAE (2017)
- ASM Handbook Vol. 2 — Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- MMPDS-2023 Metallic Materials Properties Development and Standardization — FAA/Battelle (2023)
- MatWeb alloy data sheets — Aluminum 2219 tempers — MatWeb LLC (2024)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.