Aluminum 2214 · temper
Aluminum 2214-T651
Properties of the T651 condition, compared with the other 2214 tempers.
Standard aerospace plate/bar condition — full T6 strength with minimal residual stress so machined parts stay flat.
What is 2214-T651?
2214-T651 is 2214 in the T651 temper — standard aerospace plate/bar condition — full T6 strength with minimal residual stress so machined parts stay flat. 2214-T651 has a yield strength of 415 MPa (60.2 ksi) and a tensile strength of 470 MPa (68.2 ksi) — stronger than 88% of aluminum grades. Elongation at break is 9% and the elastic modulus is 73 GPa (10.6 Msi). 2214-T651 has a density of 2.8 g/cm³ (0.101 lb/in³), heavier than 81% of aluminum grades. It melts at 507°C (945 °F).
Advantages
- Easy to machine — 80/100, better than 92% of aluminum grades
- High strength — 415 MPa (60.2 ksi), better than 88% of aluminum grades
Limitations
- Needs corrosion protection — 32/100, worse than 94% of aluminum grades
- Difficult to weld — 25/100, worse than 76% of aluminum grades
2214-T651 properties
Typical room-temperature values for 2214-T651 — 13 properties are specific to this condition; the rest are grade-level values shared by every 2214 temper. Each bar shows where the value sits among the aluminum grades in FabDigit's library — further right is higher.
Physical3
2214-T651 has a density of 2.8 g/cm³ (0.101 lb/in³), heavier than 81% of aluminum grades. It melts at 507°C (945 °F).
Mechanical15
2214-T651 has a yield strength of 415 MPa (60.2 ksi) and a tensile strength of 470 MPa (68.2 ksi) — stronger than 88% of aluminum grades. Elongation at break is 9% and the elastic modulus is 73 GPa (10.6 Msi).
Thermal6
2214-T651 is rated for continuous service to 150°C (302 °F). It conducts heat at 155 W/m·K (89.6 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 71% of aluminum grades. Thermal expansion is 22.5 µm/m·K (12.5 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
2214-T651 conducts electricity at 40 % IACS, better than 72% of aluminum grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is poor (32/100), worse than 94% of aluminum grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of 2214-T651 takes about 205 MJ of energy and emits 12.5 kg of CO₂ — more than 75% of aluminum grades. Typical recycled content is 10%.
Manufacturability8
2214-T651's machinability is very good (80/100, better than 92% of aluminum grades); weldability poor (25/100); formability fair (35/100).
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Certified mill or lot data ships with every FabDigit order on request.
Other 2214 tempers and conditions
2214 is also supplied in 6 other conditions. The full side-by-side table is on the 2214 overview.
- T651Standard aerospace plate/bar condition — full T6 strength with minimal residual stress so machined parts stay flat.415 MPa yield · 135 HB
- T6Peak-strength condition for forgings, extrusions and machined fittings where residual stress is not critical.414 MPa yield · 135 HB
- T4Choose when moderate strength with better ductility and forming/riveting capability is needed before final aging.290 MPa yield · 105 HB
- OSoftest condition for deep forming, heavy bending or straightening before solution treatment.95 MPa yield · 45 HB
Working with 2214-T651
Is 2214 easy to machine?
Excellent chip control in T6/T651 — use polished-flute carbide, high speeds with flood or MQL; avoid re-introducing residual stress in thin machined webs.
Can 2214 be welded?
Not recommended for fusion welding (hot cracking with Cu-rich melt); join by rivets, bolts, adhesive or friction-stir; if arc welded, use 4145/4043 filler and re-heat-treat.
Can 2214 be formed, bent or molded?
Form in O or fresh T4 (within a few hours of quench, or hold sub-zero); T6/T651 has limited bend ductility and springback is high.
What surface finishes work on 2214?
Chromic-acid anodize, chemical conversion coat or alclad plus epoxy primer for corrosion protection; sulfuric anodize gives dark, non-uniform color due to CuAl2 phases.
2214 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| Si | 0.5 – 1.2 | 0.8 |
| FeLower Fe than 2014 — the defining difference of 2214 | ≤ 0.3 | 0.15 |
| Cu | 3.9 – 5 | 4.4 |
| Mn | 0.4 – 1.2 | 0.8 |
| Mg | 0.2 – 0.8 | 0.5 |
| Cr | ≤ 0.1 | — |
| Zn | ≤ 0.25 | — |
| Ti | ≤ 0.15 | — |
| Zr+Ticombined limit where applicable | ≤ 0.2 | — |
| Others (each) | ≤ 0.05 | — |
| Others (total) | ≤ 0.15 | — |
| Al | balance | — |
2214-T651 — frequently asked
What is 2214-T651 used for?
2214-T651 is typically used for aerospace structural forgings, wheel hubs, machined airframe fittings, thick-plate machined components, high-stress tooling and dies and extruded structural sections. In short: high-strength forging; 2014 variant.
What is the yield strength of 2214-T651?
2214-T651 has a typical yield strength of 415 MPa (60.2 ksi) and a tensile strength of 470 MPa (68.2 ksi) — stronger than 88% of aluminum grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 7 listed tempers.
Is 2214-T651 easy to machine?
Yes — machinability is rated very good (80/100, better than 92% of aluminum grades). Excellent chip control in T6/T651 — use polished-flute carbide, high speeds with flood or MQL; avoid re-introducing residual stress in thin machined webs.
Can 2214-T651 be welded?
Not readily — weldability is rated poor (25/100). Not recommended for fusion welding (hot cracking with Cu-rich melt); join by rivets, bolts, adhesive or friction-stir; if arc welded, use 4145/4043 filler and re-heat-treat.
What surface finishes work on 2214-T651?
Chromic-acid anodize, chemical conversion coat or alclad plus epoxy primer for corrosion protection; sulfuric anodize gives dark, non-uniform color due to CuAl2 phases.
Can 2214-T651 be formed, bent or molded?
Form in O or fresh T4 (within a few hours of quench, or hold sub-zero); T6/T651 has limited bend ductility and springback is high.
What is the maximum service temperature of 2214-T651?
2214-T651 is rated for continuous use to about 150°C (302 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
Can FabDigit make parts in 2214-T651?
Yes — 2214-T651 is available for CNC machining and sheet metal with instant online pricing. Upload a STEP file to get a price and a DFM check.
Sources
- International Alloy Designations and Chemical Composition Limits for Wrought Aluminum (Teal Sheets) — The Aluminum Association (2018)
- EN 573-3 Aluminium and aluminium alloys — Chemical composition — CEN (2019)
- ASTM B209 / B211 / B247 (aluminum plate, bar, forgings) — ASTM International (2021)
- ASM Handbook Vol. 2 — Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- MMPDS-17 Metallic Materials Properties Development and Standardization — Battelle/FAA (2022)
- ASM Handbook Vol. 13B — Corrosion: Materials — ASM International (2005)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.