Aluminum 2214-T451
Temper
AA 2214 · EN AW-2214, AW 2214
T451 = t4, stress relieved by stretching
Plate/bar version of T4 with low residual stress — for parts that will be machined then artificially aged.
Values for the T451 condition
Other 2214 tempers and conditions
2214 is listed in 7 conditions; see the grade overview at 2214.
Compare all 7 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Annealed | Softest condition for deep forming, heavy bending or straightening before solution treatment. | 95 | 185 | 18 | 45 HB | 50 % IACS |
Solution heat treated and naturally aged | Choose when moderate strength with better ductility and forming/riveting capability is needed before final aging. | 290 | 425 | 18 | 105 HB | 34 % IACS |
T451This page T4, stress relieved by stretching | Plate/bar version of T4 with low residual stress — for parts that will be machined then artificially aged. | 290 | 425 | 16 | 105 HB | 34 % IACS |
T6, stress relieved by compression | Hand/die forging condition where stretching is impractical; low residual stress for heavily machined forgings. | 400 | 460 | 8 | 130 HB | 40 % IACS |
Solution heat treated and artificially aged | Peak-strength condition for forgings, extrusions and machined fittings where residual stress is not critical. | 414 | 483 | 13 | 135 HB | 40 % IACS |
T6, stress relieved by stretching | Standard aerospace plate/bar condition — full T6 strength with minimal residual stress so machined parts stay flat. | 415 | 470 | 9 | 135 HB | 40 % IACS |
T6, stress relieved by stretching, minor straightening | Extruded bar, rod and profile equivalent of T651 for long machined structural members. | 415 | 470 | 8 | 135 HB | 40 % IACS |
What is 2214-T451?
2214-T451 is 2214 in the T451 temper — plate/bar version of T4 with low residual stress — for parts that will be machined then artificially aged. 2214-T451 has a yield strength of 290 MPa (42.1 ksi) and a tensile strength of 425 MPa (61.6 ksi) — stronger than 74% of aluminum grades. Elongation at break is 16% and the elastic modulus is 72.5 GPa (10.5 Msi). 2214-T451 has a density of 2.8 g/cm³ (0.101 lb/in³), heavier than 81% of aluminum grades. It melts at 507°C (945 °F).
Advantages
- Tough — resists crack growth — 34 MPa·√m (30.9 ksi·√in), better than 90% of aluminum grades
- Ductile — tolerates forming and impact — 16%, better than 84% of aluminum grades
Limitations
- Needs corrosion protection — 28/100, worse than 99% of aluminum grades
- Limited service temperature — 100°C (212 °F), worse than 91% of aluminum grades
- Difficult to weld — 25/100, worse than 76% of aluminum grades
2214-T451 properties
Typical room-temperature values for 2214-T451; 22 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are 2214 reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among aluminum grades.
Physical3
2214-T451 has a density of 2.8 g/cm³ (0.101 lb/in³), heavier than 81% of aluminum grades. It melts at 507°C (945 °F).
Mechanical15
2214-T451 has a yield strength of 290 MPa (42.1 ksi) and a tensile strength of 425 MPa (61.6 ksi) — stronger than 74% of aluminum grades. Elongation at break is 16% and the elastic modulus is 72.5 GPa (10.5 Msi).
Thermal6
2214-T451 is rated for continuous service to 100°C (212 °F). It conducts heat at 134 W/m·K (77.4 BTU/hr·ft·°F), worse than 60% of aluminum grades. Thermal expansion is 22.5 µm/m·K (12.5 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
2214-T451 conducts electricity at 34 % IACS, worse than 52% of aluminum grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is poor (28/100), worse than 99% of aluminum grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of 2214-T451 takes about 205 MJ of energy and emits 12.5 kg of CO₂ — more than 76% of aluminum grades. Typical recycled content is 10%.
Manufacturability8
2214-T451's machinability is good (68/100, better than 67% of aluminum grades); weldability poor (25/100); formability good (55/100).
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with 2214-T451
Is 2214 easy to machine?
Excellent chip control in T6/T651 — use polished-flute carbide, high speeds with flood or MQL; avoid re-introducing residual stress in thin machined webs.
Can 2214 be welded?
Not recommended for fusion welding (hot cracking with Cu-rich melt); join by rivets, bolts, adhesive or friction-stir; if arc welded, use 4145/4043 filler and re-heat-treat.
Can 2214 be formed, bent or molded?
Form in O or fresh T4 (within a few hours of quench, or hold sub-zero); T6/T651 has limited bend ductility and springback is high.
What surface finishes work on 2214?
Chromic-acid anodize, chemical conversion coat or alclad plus epoxy primer for corrosion protection; sulfuric anodize gives dark, non-uniform color due to CuAl2 phases.
2214 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| Si | 0.5 – 1.2 | 0.8 |
| FeLower Fe than 2014 — the defining difference of 2214 | ≤ 0.3 | 0.15 |
| Cu | 3.9 – 5 | 4.4 |
| Mn | 0.4 – 1.2 | 0.8 |
| Mg | 0.2 – 0.8 | 0.5 |
| Cr | ≤ 0.1 | — |
| Zn | ≤ 0.25 | — |
| Ti | ≤ 0.15 | — |
| Zr+Ticombined limit where applicable | ≤ 0.2 | — |
| Others (each) | ≤ 0.05 | — |
| Others (total) | ≤ 0.15 | — |
| Al | balance | — |
2214-T451 — frequently asked
What is 2214-T451 used for?
2214-T451 is typically used for aerospace structural forgings, wheel hubs, machined airframe fittings, thick-plate machined components, high-stress tooling and dies and extruded structural sections. In short: high-strength forging; 2014 variant.
What is the yield strength of 2214-T451?
2214-T451 has a typical yield strength of 290 MPa (42.1 ksi) and a tensile strength of 425 MPa (61.6 ksi) — stronger than 74% of aluminum grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 7 listed tempers.
Is 2214-T451 easy to machine?
Reasonably — machinability is rated good (68/100, better than 67% of aluminum grades). Excellent chip control in T6/T651 — use polished-flute carbide, high speeds with flood or MQL; avoid re-introducing residual stress in thin machined webs.
Can 2214-T451 be welded?
Not readily — weldability is rated poor (25/100). Not recommended for fusion welding (hot cracking with Cu-rich melt); join by rivets, bolts, adhesive or friction-stir; if arc welded, use 4145/4043 filler and re-heat-treat.
What surface finishes work on 2214-T451?
Chromic-acid anodize, chemical conversion coat or alclad plus epoxy primer for corrosion protection; sulfuric anodize gives dark, non-uniform color due to CuAl2 phases.
Can 2214-T451 be formed, bent or molded?
Form in O or fresh T4 (within a few hours of quench, or hold sub-zero); T6/T651 has limited bend ductility and springback is high.
What is the maximum service temperature of 2214-T451?
2214-T451 is rated for continuous use to about 100°C (212 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
Can FabDigit make parts in 2214-T451?
Yes — 2214-T451 is available for CNC machining and sheet metal; every part is priced by an engineer rather than instantly. Upload a STEP file to get a price and a DFM check.
Sources
- International Alloy Designations and Chemical Composition Limits for Wrought Aluminum (Teal Sheets) — The Aluminum Association (2018)
- EN 573-3 Aluminium and aluminium alloys — Chemical composition — CEN (2019)
- ASTM B209 / B211 / B247 (aluminum plate, bar, forgings) — ASTM International (2021)
- ASM Handbook Vol. 2 — Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- MMPDS-17 Metallic Materials Properties Development and Standardization — Battelle/FAA (2022)
- ASM Handbook Vol. 13B — Corrosion: Materials — ASM International (2005)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.