Steel 1112-ANN (Annealed)
Heat-treated state
AISI/SAE 1112 · UNS G11120
Pick when maximum softness and dimensional stability after heavy machining or cold forming is needed.
Values for the ANN condition
Other 1112 tempers and conditions
1112 is listed in 6 conditions; see the grade overview at 1112.
Compare all 6 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ANNThis page Annealed | Pick when maximum softness and dimensional stability after heavy machining or cold forming is needed. | 230 | 395 | 30 | 110 HB | 11 % IACS |
Hot rolled | Cheapest form for larger diameters or when full machining removes the scaled surface anyway. | 260 | 440 | 25 | 121 HB | — |
Normalized | Used to homogenize grain size before carburizing or after hot forging. | 275 | 450 | 27 | 130 HB | 10.5 % IACS |
Carburized & quenched | Choose when machined free-cutting parts need a wear-resistant case (typ. 0.2–0.6 mm, 55–62 HRC surface). | 400 | 620 | 15 | 58 HRC | 10 % IACS |
Cold drawn, stress relieved | Choose when parts machined asymmetrically from cold-drawn bar must stay straight. | 425 | 515 | 13 | 160 HB | 10.5 % IACS |
CDDefault Cold drawn | Standard stocked screw-machine bar: highest machinability, good size/straightness tolerance, no heat treatment needed. | 470 | 540 | 10 | 167 HB | — |
What is 1112-ANN?
1112-ANN is 1112 heat treated to ANN — pick when maximum softness and dimensional stability after heavy machining or cold forming is needed. 1112-ANN has a yield strength of 230 MPa (33.4 ksi) and a tensile strength of 395 MPa (57.3 ksi) — weaker than 97% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 30% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi). 1112-ANN has a density of 7.87 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³), heavier than 92% of steel grades. It melts at 1,425°C (2,597 °F). CD is the default condition FabDigit quotes; ANN is available on request or by drawing note.
Advantages
- High electrical conductivity — 11 % IACS, better than 98% of steel grades
- Easy to machine — 78/100, better than 97% of steel grades
- Ductile — tolerates forming and impact — 30%, better than 93% of steel grades
- Conducts heat well — 51 W/m·K (29.5 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 92% of steel grades
- Low embodied carbon — 1.9 kg CO₂/kg, better than 92% of steel grades
Limitations
- Low strength — 230 MPa (33.4 ksi), worse than 97% of steel grades
- Hard to polish — 45/100, worse than 84% of steel grades
1112-ANN properties
Typical room-temperature values for 1112-ANN; 21 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are 1112 reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among steel grades.
Physical3
1112-ANN has a density of 7.87 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³), heavier than 92% of steel grades. It melts at 1,425°C (2,597 °F).
Mechanical13
1112-ANN has a yield strength of 230 MPa (33.4 ksi) and a tensile strength of 395 MPa (57.3 ksi) — weaker than 97% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 30% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi).
Thermal6
1112-ANN is rated for continuous service to 400°C (752 °F). It conducts heat at 51 W/m·K (29.5 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 92% of steel grades. Thermal expansion is 11.9 µm/m·K (6.61 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
1112-ANN conducts electricity at 11 % IACS, better than 98% of steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is not recommended (8/100), worse than 99% of steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of 1112-ANN takes about 25 MJ of energy and emits 1.9 kg of CO₂ — less than 82% of steel grades. Typical recycled content is 30%.
Manufacturability7
1112-ANN's machinability is very good (78/100, better than 97% of steel grades); weldability poor (28/100); formability fair (50/100).
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with 1112-ANN
Is 1112 easy to machine?
Benchmark free-cutting steel — high speeds, short broken chips, excellent tool life and surface finish on automatic lathes; light feeds can smear the soft matrix, so keep chip load positive.
Can 1112 be welded?
Poor: high sulfur and phosphorus promote hot cracking and porosity — avoid structural welds; if unavoidable use low-hydrogen filler, low heat input and preheat, or switch to 1018.
Can 1112 be formed, bent or molded?
Only light cold bending/upsetting; MnS stringers make transverse ductility low and cause splitting on tight bends — hot form above 900 °C instead.
What surface finishes work on 1112?
Not anodizable; protect with zinc or nickel plating, black oxide, phosphate + oil, or paint. Inclusions can leave micro-pits after polishing and cause plating pinholes, so pre-clean thoroughly.
1112 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| Cmax only | ≤ 0.13 | 0.1 |
| Mn | 0.7 – 1 | 0.85 |
| Pintentionally added for chip breaking | 0.07 – 0.12 | 0.09 |
| Sresulfurized; forms MnS inclusions | 0.16 – 0.23 | 0.2 |
| Fe | balance | — |
1112-ANN — frequently asked
What is 1112-ANN used for?
1112-ANN is typically used for bolts, nuts, fittings and general turned parts. In short: benchmark free-cutting bar; widely stocked 11xx grade; low transverse ductility.
What is the yield strength of 1112-ANN?
1112-ANN has a typical yield strength of 230 MPa (33.4 ksi) and a tensile strength of 395 MPa (57.3 ksi) — weaker than 97% of steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 6 listed tempers.
Is 1112-ANN easy to machine?
Yes — machinability is rated very good (78/100, better than 97% of steel grades). Benchmark free-cutting steel — high speeds, short broken chips, excellent tool life and surface finish on automatic lathes; light feeds can smear the soft matrix, so keep chip load positive.
Can 1112-ANN be welded?
Not readily — weldability is rated poor (28/100). Poor: high sulfur and phosphorus promote hot cracking and porosity — avoid structural welds; if unavoidable use low-hydrogen filler, low heat input and preheat, or switch to 1018.
What surface finishes work on 1112-ANN?
Not anodizable; protect with zinc or nickel plating, black oxide, phosphate + oil, or paint. Inclusions can leave micro-pits after polishing and cause plating pinholes, so pre-clean thoroughly.
Can 1112-ANN be formed, bent or molded?
Only light cold bending/upsetting; MnS stringers make transverse ductility low and cause splitting on tight bends — hot form above 900 °C instead.
What is the maximum service temperature of 1112-ANN?
1112-ANN is rated for continuous use to about 400°C (752 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between 1112-CD and 1112-ANN?
CD is the default condition — standard stocked screw-machine bar: highest machinability, good size/straightness tolerance, no heat treatment needed. ANN: pick when maximum softness and dimensional stability after heavy machining or cold forming is needed. Yield strength is 470 MPa in CD versus 230 MPa in ANN.
Sources
- SAE J403 — Chemical Compositions of SAE Carbon Steels — SAE International (2014)
- ASTM A108 — Steel Bar, Carbon and Alloy, Cold-Finished — ASTM (2018)
- ASTM A576 — Steel Bars, Carbon, Hot-Wrought, Special Quality — ASTM (2017)
- ASM Handbook Vol.1 — Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels, and High-Performance Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- ASM Handbook Vol.16 — Machining (free-machining steel ratings) — ASM International (1989)
- GB/T 8731 (Y12 / Y15 equivalents) — SAC (2008)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.