Stainless Steel 1.4477 HR+A
Heat-treated state · default condition
EN 1.4477 · UNS S32906 · also Safurex
HR+A = hot Rolled + Solution Annealed and Quenched
Standard supply condition for plate and hot-finished products used in urea strippers, reactors and pressure vessels.
Values for the HR+A condition
Other 1.4477 tempers and conditions
1.4477 is listed in 4 conditions; see the grade overview at 1.4477.
Compare all 4 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
As-welded deposit | Property level to assume for weldments made with controlled heat input when solution annealing after welding is not possible. | 660 | 850 | 22 | 29 HRC | 2 % IACS |
HR+ADefaultThis page Hot Rolled + Solution Annealed and Quenched | Standard supply condition for plate and hot-finished products used in urea strippers, reactors and pressure vessels. | 700 | 880 | 30 | 27 HRC | — |
Cold Rolled + Solution Annealed, pickled | Choose for thin sheet, strip and lining plate where a smooth 2B surface and tight thickness tolerance are needed. | 720 | 900 | 30 | 28 HRC | — |
Cold drawn | Higher-strength small-diameter bar and wire for fasteners and springs; lower ductility and reduced SCC margin vs annealed. | 830 | 980 | 20 | 32 HRC | 2 % IACS |
What is 1.4477 HR+A?
1.4477 HR+A is 1.4477 heat treated to HR+A — standard supply condition for plate and hot-finished products used in urea strippers, reactors and pressure vessels. 1.4477 HR+A has a yield strength of 700 MPa (102 ksi) and a tensile strength of 880 MPa (128 ksi) — stronger than 92% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 30% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi). 1.4477 HR+A has a density of 7.8 g/cm³ (0.282 lb/in³), heavier than 50% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,350°C (2,462 °F).
Advantages
- Good corrosion resistance — 88/100, better than 97% of stainless steel grades
- High strength — 700 MPa (102 ksi), better than 92% of stainless steel grades
Limitations
- Limited service temperature — 300°C (572 °F), worse than 90% of stainless steel grades
- Difficult to machine — 25/100, worse than 88% of stainless steel grades
- Low electrical conductivity — 2 % IACS, worse than 77% of stainless steel grades
1.4477 HR+A properties
Typical room-temperature values for 1.4477 HR+A; 15 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are 1.4477 reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among stainless steel grades.
Physical3
1.4477 HR+A has a density of 7.8 g/cm³ (0.282 lb/in³), heavier than 50% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,350°C (2,462 °F).
Mechanical16
1.4477 HR+A has a yield strength of 700 MPa (102 ksi) and a tensile strength of 880 MPa (128 ksi) — stronger than 92% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 30% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi).
Thermal6
1.4477 HR+A is rated for continuous service to 300°C (572 °F). It conducts heat at 15 W/m·K (8.67 BTU/hr·ft·°F), worse than 59% of stainless steel grades. Thermal expansion is 12.5 µm/m·K (6.94 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
1.4477 HR+A conducts electricity at 2 % IACS, worse than 77% of stainless steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is excellent (88/100), better than 97% of stainless steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of 1.4477 HR+A takes about 62 MJ of energy and emits 4.6 kg of CO₂ — more than 75% of stainless steel grades. Typical recycled content is 55%.
Manufacturability7
1.4477 HR+A's machinability is poor (25/100, worse than 88% of stainless steel grades); weldability good (65/100); formability fair (45/100).
Common Calculations5
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with 1.4477 HR+A
Is 1.4477 easy to machine?
Tough and work-hardening — use rigid setups, positive-rake carbide, heavy constant feed, low-to-moderate speed and flood coolant; expect roughly one fifth of the removal rate of 1212 steel.
Can 1.4477 be welded?
Weldable by GTAW/GMAW/SMAW with matching or over-alloyed super-duplex filler and nitrogen-bearing shielding; keep heat input ~0.5–1.5 kJ/mm and interpass <100 °C to hold 45–55 % ferrite and avoid intermetallics, and solution anneal + quench where the code allows.
Can 1.4477 be formed, bent or molded?
Cold forming needs about twice the force and generous springback allowance versus 304; hot form at 1000–1150 °C followed by full solution anneal at ~1080 °C and rapid water quench.
What surface finishes work on 1.4477?
Pickle in HNO₃/HF or bead-blast plus passivate after hot work; electropolishing is common for urea-service surfaces — no anodizing.
1.4477 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| Clow carbon to avoid carbide precipitation | ≤ 0.03 | 0.02 |
| Si | ≤ 0.5 | 0.3 |
| Mn | 0.8 – 1.5 | 1.1 |
| P | ≤ 0.03 | — |
| Susually held ≤0.005 for hot workability | ≤ 0.03 | — |
| Cr | 28 – 30 | 29 |
| Ni | 5.8 – 7.5 | 6.6 |
| Mo | 1.5 – 2.6 | 2.1 |
| Naustenite stabiliser, raises PREN | 0.3 – 0.4 | 0.35 |
| Cu | ≤ 0.8 | 0.3 |
| Fe | balance | — |
1.4477 HR+A — frequently asked
What is 1.4477 HR+A used for?
1.4477 HR+A is typically used for urea reactor components, fertilizer plant equipment and high-pressure vessels. In short: urea-service super duplex; highest yield in family; hardest duplex to machine.
What is the yield strength of 1.4477 HR+A?
1.4477 HR+A has a typical yield strength of 700 MPa (102 ksi) and a tensile strength of 880 MPa (128 ksi) — stronger than 92% of stainless steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 4 listed tempers.
Is 1.4477 HR+A easy to machine?
Not especially — machinability is rated poor (25/100, worse than 88% of stainless steel grades). Tough and work-hardening — use rigid setups, positive-rake carbide, heavy constant feed, low-to-moderate speed and flood coolant; expect roughly one fifth of the removal rate of 1212 steel.
Can 1.4477 HR+A be welded?
Yes — weldability is rated good (65/100). Weldable by GTAW/GMAW/SMAW with matching or over-alloyed super-duplex filler and nitrogen-bearing shielding; keep heat input ~0.5–1.5 kJ/mm and interpass <100 °C to hold 45–55 % ferrite and avoid intermetallics, and solution anneal + quench where the code allows.
What surface finishes work on 1.4477 HR+A?
Pickle in HNO₃/HF or bead-blast plus passivate after hot work; electropolishing is common for urea-service surfaces — no anodizing.
Can 1.4477 HR+A be formed, bent or molded?
Cold forming needs about twice the force and generous springback allowance versus 304; hot form at 1000–1150 °C followed by full solution anneal at ~1080 °C and rapid water quench.
What is the maximum service temperature of 1.4477 HR+A?
1.4477 HR+A is rated for continuous use to about 300°C (572 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between 1.4477 HR+A and 1.4477-CD?
HR+A is the default condition — standard supply condition for plate and hot-finished products used in urea strippers, reactors and pressure vessels. CD: higher-strength small-diameter bar and wire for fasteners and springs; lower ductility and reduced SCC margin vs annealed. Yield strength is 700 MPa in HR+A versus 830 MPa in CD.
Sources
- ASTM A240/A240M — Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet and Strip (UNS S32906) — ASTM International (2023)
- EN 10088-2/-3 — Stainless steels, technical delivery conditions (1.4477) — CEN (2014)
- Sandvik SAF 2906 / Safurex duplex stainless steel datasheet — Alleima (formerly Sandvik Materials Technology) (2022)
- ASM Handbook Vol. 1 — Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels and High-Performance Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- Practical Guidelines for the Fabrication of Duplex Stainless Steels — International Molybdenum Association (IMOA) (2014)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.