Solder & Low-Melting Alloy Pb99.994
JIS H2105 Pb-1 · GB GB/T 469
Pb99.994 is high-purity electrolytic refined lead, listed as Pb99.994 / H2105 Pb-1 in the GB/T 469 refined-lead family and supplied as ingot, sheet, pipe, wire, shot and anodes.
Reference datasheet — Pb99.994 is not in the instant-quote catalog. Upload your part and an engineer will quote it in this grade or suggest the closest stocked equivalent.
What is Pb99.994?
Pb99.994 is high-purity electrolytic refined lead, listed as Pb99.994 / H2105 Pb-1 in the GB/T 469 refined-lead family and supplied as ingot, sheet, pipe, wire, shot and anodes. It is the base feedstock melted down for babbitt, battery and other lead-alloy production, and is chosen directly for radiation shielding and chemical linings where density and formability matter more than strength. Mechanical properties are minimal — 12 MPa tensile, 5.5 MPa yield, 4 HB, 40% elongation — and it creeps under its own weight at room temperature. Antimonial lead with 4–6% Sb is the usual step up when strength is needed. Pb99.994 has a density of 11.34 g/cm³ (0.41 lb/in³), heavier than 99% of solder & low-melting alloy grades. It melts at 328°C (622 °F). Pb99.994 has a yield strength of 6 MPa (0.798 ksi) and a tensile strength of 12 MPa (1.74 ksi) — weaker than 98% of solder & low-melting alloy grades. Elongation at break is 45% and the elastic modulus is 16 GPa (2.32 Msi).
What is Pb99.994 used for?
- Battery manufacture feedstock
- Radiation shielding
- Alloy master stock
- Lead sheet/pipe production
Advantages
- Low embodied carbon — 1.8 kg CO₂/kg, better than 98% of solder & low-melting alloy grades
- Readily welded — 70/100, better than 96% of solder & low-melting alloy grades
- Good corrosion resistance — 62/100, better than 93% of solder & low-melting alloy grades
- Ductile — tolerates forming and impact — 45%, better than 84% of solder & low-melting alloy grades
- Easy to machine — 60/100, better than 76% of solder & low-melting alloy grades
Limitations
- Heavy — 11.34 g/cm³ (0.41 lb/in³), worse than 99% of solder & low-melting alloy grades
- Low strength — 6 MPa (0.798 ksi), worse than 98% of solder & low-melting alloy grades
- Low stiffness — 16 GPa (2.32 Msi), worse than 88% of solder & low-melting alloy grades
- Hard to polish — 20/100, worse than 88% of solder & low-melting alloy grades
Pb99.994 properties
Typical room-temperature values; bars are the position among solder & low-melting alloy grades.
Physical3
Pb99.994 has a density of 11.34 g/cm³ (0.41 lb/in³), heavier than 99% of solder & low-melting alloy grades. It melts at 328°C (622 °F).
Mechanical11
Pb99.994 has a yield strength of 6 MPa (0.798 ksi) and a tensile strength of 12 MPa (1.74 ksi) — weaker than 98% of solder & low-melting alloy grades. Elongation at break is 45% and the elastic modulus is 16 GPa (2.32 Msi).
Thermal6
Pb99.994 is rated for continuous service to 100°C (212 °F). It conducts heat at 35 W/m·K (20.2 BTU/hr·ft·°F), worse than 68% of solder & low-melting alloy grades. Thermal expansion is 29.3 µm/m·K (16.3 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
Pb99.994 conducts electricity at 8.4 % IACS, worse than 69% of solder & low-melting alloy grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is good (62/100), better than 93% of solder & low-melting alloy grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of Pb99.994 takes about 23 MJ of energy and emits 1.8 kg of CO₂ — less than 96% of solder & low-melting alloy grades. Typical recycled content is 45%.
Manufacturability8
Pb99.994's machinability is good (60/100, better than 76% of solder & low-melting alloy grades); weldability very good (70/100); formability excellent (95/100).
Common Calculations5
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Certified mill or lot data ships with every FabDigit order on request.
Strength versus weight in the solder & low-melting alloy family
Yield strength against density for every solder & low-melting alloy grade FabDigit runs. Pb99.994 is highlighted; hover a dot for its name, or open the interactive family chart.
Working with Pb99.994
Is Pb99.994 easy to machine?
Cuts effortlessly but smears and loads tools — use sharp high-rake HSS, high speed, light feed, wax/soap lubricant, and full dust/fume containment.
Can Pb99.994 be welded?
Joined by 'lead burning' (oxy-hydrogen or oxy-acetylene fusion) with pure-lead filler; no flux needed, but ventilate for lead fume.
Can Pb99.994 be formed, bent or molded?
Superb cold formability — bends, hammers, dresses and deep-draws with no annealing since it recrystallises at room temperature; watch for creep and self-weight sag in service.
Pb99.994 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) |
|---|---|
| Ag | ≤ 8×10⁻⁴ |
| Cu | ≤ 0 |
| Bi | ≤ 0 |
| As | ≤ 5×10⁻⁴ |
| Sb | ≤ 8×10⁻⁴ |
| Sn | ≤ 5×10⁻⁴ |
| Zn | ≤ 4×10⁻⁴ |
| Fe | ≤ 0 |
| Cd | ≤ 2×10⁻⁴ |
| PbGB/T 469 Pb99.994, total impurities ≤0.006 % | ≥ 99.99 (balance) |
What surface finishes work on Pb99.994?
Not anodisable; the natural grey carbonate/sulfate patina is the protective layer, otherwise paint, PVC-clad or use lead-clad steel for handling safety.
Equivalent designations
Standards and trade names that resolve to Solder & Low-Melting Alloy Pb99.994 in FabDigit's catalog. Equivalence is nominal — check the exact specification when certification matters.
- GB (China)
- GB/T 469
- JIS
- H2105 Pb-1
How much does Pb99.994 cost?
Pb99.994 is a standard-cost solder & low-melting alloy ($$), cheaper than about 71% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
Pb99.994 — frequently asked
What is Pb99.994 used for?
Pb99.994 is typically used for battery manufacture feedstock, radiation shielding, alloy master stock and lead sheet/pipe production. In short: purest commercial lead grade; base feedstock for alloying; softest, most formable lead.
What is the yield strength of Pb99.994?
Pb99.994 has a typical yield strength of 6 MPa (0.798 ksi) and a tensile strength of 12 MPa (1.74 ksi) — weaker than 98% of solder & low-melting alloy grades.
Is Pb99.994 easy to machine?
Reasonably — machinability is rated good (60/100, better than 76% of solder & low-melting alloy grades). Cuts effortlessly but smears and loads tools — use sharp high-rake HSS, high speed, light feed, wax/soap lubricant, and full dust/fume containment.
Can Pb99.994 be welded?
Yes — weldability is rated very good (70/100). Joined by 'lead burning' (oxy-hydrogen or oxy-acetylene fusion) with pure-lead filler; no flux needed, but ventilate for lead fume.
What surface finishes work on Pb99.994?
Not anodisable; the natural grey carbonate/sulfate patina is the protective layer, otherwise paint, PVC-clad or use lead-clad steel for handling safety.
Can Pb99.994 be formed, bent or molded?
Superb cold formability — bends, hammers, dresses and deep-draws with no annealing since it recrystallises at room temperature; watch for creep and self-weight sag in service.
What is the maximum service temperature of Pb99.994?
Pb99.994 is rated for continuous use to about 100°C (212 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
How much does Pb99.994 cost?
Pb99.994 is a standard-cost solder & low-melting alloy ($$), cheaper than about 71% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
Sources
- GB/T 469-2013 (2013)
- ASTM B29 Standard Specification for Refined Lead — ASTM International (2020)
- ASM Handbook Vol. 2 — Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys and Special-Purpose Materials (Lead and Lead Alloys) — ASM International (1990)
- ASM Handbook Vol. 13B — Corrosion: Materials (Lead) — ASM International (2005)
- CES EduPack / ICE material eco-property data for primary lead — Granta Design (2020)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison; hardness values on non-Brinell scales are converted approximately for charting only. Manufacturability limits are FabDigit quote-engine defaults and may be relaxed by engineering review. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.