Aluminum 2014A-T3
Temper
AA 2014A · BS H15
T3 = solution heat treated, cold worked and naturally aged
Sheet/strip condition combining naturally aged strength with residual cold work; good for formed and riveted skins.
Values for the T3 condition
Other 2014A tempers and conditions
2014A is listed in 12 conditions; see the grade overview at 2014A.
Compare all 12 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Annealed | Softest condition for deep forming, bending or machining of blanks before solution treatment. | 95 | 185 | 18 | 45 HB | 50 % IACS |
Slightly strain hardened | As-supplied extruded/annealed stock with incidental work hardening from straightening; use where near-O softness is acceptable. | 110 | 200 | 16 | 50 HB | 49 % IACS |
solution treated, stress-relieved by stretching (extrusions, without/with minor straightening), naturally aged | Naturally aged extruded shapes with controlled residual stress; T3511 permits minor straightening after stretching. | 270 | 415 | 14 | 103 HB | 34 % IACS |
extrusions solution treated, stretch stress-relieved (no / minor straightening), naturally aged | Naturally aged, low-stress extruded profiles for parts machined all over then artificially aged. | 270 | 415 | 14 | 103 HB | 34 % IACS |
T3, stress relieved by stretching | Low-residual-stress plate/bar for stability during heavy machining before final ageing to T6 conditions. | 275 | 425 | 16 | 105 HB | 34 % IACS |
T4, stress relieved by stretching | T4 plate/bar with stretch stress relief — the stock of choice for machining large fittings that will later be aged. | 280 | 425 | 16 | 105 HB | 34 % IACS |
Solution heat treated and naturally aged | Best combination of strength and ductility for forming/riveting; parts can be aged to T6 afterwards. | 290 | 427 | 20 | 105 HB | 34 % IACS |
T3This page Solution heat treated, cold worked and naturally aged | Sheet/strip condition combining naturally aged strength with residual cold work; good for formed and riveted skins. | 295 | 440 | 15 | 105 HB | 34 % IACS |
Solution heat treated and artificially aged | Peak-strength condition for forgings, bar and sheet where maximum static strength and hardness are required. | 414 | 483 | 11 | 135 HB | 40 % IACS |
T651Default T6, stress relieved by stretching | Default stocked plate/bar temper: peak strength with low residual stress for distortion-free precision machining. | 415 | 470 | 9 | 135 HB | 40 % IACS |
extrusions solution treated, stretch stress-relieved (no / minor straightening), artificially aged | Peak-strength extruded bar and profiles with controlled residual stress for machined structural fittings. | 415 | 470 | 8 | 135 HB | 40 % IACS |
T6, stress relieved by compression | Hand/die forging temper where stress relief is done by cold compression instead of stretching. | 415 | 470 | 8 | 135 HB | 40 % IACS |
What is 2014A-T3?
2014A-T3 is 2014A in the T3 temper — sheet/strip condition combining naturally aged strength with residual cold work; good for formed and riveted skins. 2014A-T3 has a yield strength of 295 MPa (42.8 ksi) and a tensile strength of 440 MPa (63.8 ksi) — stronger than 75% of aluminum grades. Elongation at break is 15% and the elastic modulus is 73 GPa (10.6 Msi). 2014A-T3 has a density of 2.8 g/cm³ (0.101 lb/in³), heavier than 81% of aluminum grades. It melts at 507°C (945 °F). T651 is the default condition FabDigit quotes; T3 is available on request or by drawing note.
Advantages
- Ductile — tolerates forming and impact — 15%, better than 82% of aluminum grades
- High strength — 295 MPa (42.8 ksi), better than 75% of aluminum grades
Limitations
- Needs corrosion protection — 30/100, worse than 98% of aluminum grades
- Limited service temperature — 120°C (248 °F), worse than 79% of aluminum grades
- Difficult to weld — 25/100, worse than 76% of aluminum grades
2014A-T3 properties
Typical room-temperature values for 2014A-T3; 13 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are 2014A reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among aluminum grades.
Physical3
2014A-T3 has a density of 2.8 g/cm³ (0.101 lb/in³), heavier than 81% of aluminum grades. It melts at 507°C (945 °F).
Mechanical15
2014A-T3 has a yield strength of 295 MPa (42.8 ksi) and a tensile strength of 440 MPa (63.8 ksi) — stronger than 75% of aluminum grades. Elongation at break is 15% and the elastic modulus is 73 GPa (10.6 Msi).
Thermal6
2014A-T3 is rated for continuous service to 120°C (248 °F). It conducts heat at 134 W/m·K (77.4 BTU/hr·ft·°F), worse than 60% of aluminum grades. Thermal expansion is 22.5 µm/m·K (12.5 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
2014A-T3 conducts electricity at 34 % IACS, worse than 52% of aluminum grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is poor (30/100), worse than 98% of aluminum grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of 2014A-T3 takes about 205 MJ of energy and emits 12.5 kg of CO₂ — more than 76% of aluminum grades. Typical recycled content is 15%.
Manufacturability8
2014A-T3's machinability is very good (70/100, better than 72% of aluminum grades); weldability poor (25/100); formability fair (40/100).
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with 2014A-T3
Is 2014A easy to machine?
Machines very well in T4/T6 with sharp carbide tools, high speed and flood coolant, giving short chips; annealed stock is gummy and should be avoided for fine finishes.
Can 2014A be welded?
Poor for MIG/TIG welding — hot-cracking prone; join by riveting, bolting, friction-stir or resistance spot welding, and use 4043/2319 filler only for non-critical repairs with post-weld heat treatment.
Can 2014A be formed, bent or molded?
Form in O or freshly quenched T4 (within a few hours of quench, or hold at −18 °C); T6 has limited bend ductility and requires generous bend radii; excellent hot forgeability at 400–460 °C.
What surface finishes work on 2014A?
Chromic or sulfuric anodizing gives a dark, non-decorative film — use conversion coating plus epoxy primer, Alclad, or hard anodize for wear; avoid direct contact with steel/stainless without insulation to prevent galvanic attack.
2014A chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| Si | 0.5 – 0.9 | 0.7 |
| Feimpurity limit | ≤ 0.5 | 0.25 |
| Cuprincipal strengthening element | 3.9 – 5 | 4.4 |
| Mn | 0.4 – 1.2 | 0.8 |
| Mg | 0.2 – 0.8 | 0.5 |
| Cr | ≤ 0.1 | 0.03 |
| Zn | ≤ 0.25 | 0.1 |
| TiTi+Zr max 0.20 | ≤ 0.15 | 0.05 |
| Zrcounted with Ti, total max 0.20 | ≤ 0.2 | — |
| Others (each)total max 0.15 | ≤ 0.05 | — |
| Al | balance | — |
2014A-T3 — frequently asked
What is 2014A-T3 used for?
2014A-T3 is typically used for aircraft forgings, structural extrusions and wheels. In short: high-strength 2000-series forging alloy; 2014 to European limits; strong but not weldable.
What is the yield strength of 2014A-T3?
2014A-T3 has a typical yield strength of 295 MPa (42.8 ksi) and a tensile strength of 440 MPa (63.8 ksi) — stronger than 75% of aluminum grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 12 listed tempers.
Is 2014A-T3 easy to machine?
Yes — machinability is rated very good (70/100, better than 72% of aluminum grades). Machines very well in T4/T6 with sharp carbide tools, high speed and flood coolant, giving short chips; annealed stock is gummy and should be avoided for fine finishes.
Can 2014A-T3 be welded?
Not readily — weldability is rated poor (25/100). Poor for MIG/TIG welding — hot-cracking prone; join by riveting, bolting, friction-stir or resistance spot welding, and use 4043/2319 filler only for non-critical repairs with post-weld heat treatment.
What surface finishes work on 2014A-T3?
Chromic or sulfuric anodizing gives a dark, non-decorative film — use conversion coating plus epoxy primer, Alclad, or hard anodize for wear; avoid direct contact with steel/stainless without insulation to prevent galvanic attack.
Can 2014A-T3 be formed, bent or molded?
Form in O or freshly quenched T4 (within a few hours of quench, or hold at −18 °C); T6 has limited bend ductility and requires generous bend radii; excellent hot forgeability at 400–460 °C.
What is the maximum service temperature of 2014A-T3?
2014A-T3 is rated for continuous use to about 120°C (248 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between 2014A-T651 and 2014A-O?
T651 is the default condition — default stocked plate/bar temper: peak strength with low residual stress for distortion-free precision machining. O: softest condition for deep forming, bending or machining of blanks before solution treatment. Yield strength is 415 MPa in T651 versus 95 MPa in O.
Sources
- EN 573-3 Aluminium and aluminium alloys — Chemical composition — CEN (2019)
- EN 485-2 Aluminium — Sheet, strip and plate: mechanical properties — CEN (2018)
- EN 755-2 Aluminium — Extruded rod/bar, tube and profiles: mechanical properties — CEN (2016)
- Aluminum Standards and Data / Teal Sheets (alloy 2014) — The Aluminum Association (2018)
- ASM Handbook Vol. 2 — Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- MMPDS-17 Metallic Materials Properties Development and Standardization — FAA/Battelle (2022)
- BS 1470/1471 (superseded H15 designation) — BSI (1987)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.