Aluminum 1435-H12
Temper
AA 1435 · UNS A91435
H12 = strain hardened, quarter hard
Light cold work for slightly stiffer strip/rod that still bends and forms easily.
Values for the H12 condition
Other 1435 tempers and conditions
1435 is listed in 10 conditions; see the grade overview at 1435.
Compare all 10 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ODefault Annealed | Pick for maximum ductility and conductivity: deep-drawn parts, foil stock, flexible conductors and busbar that will be bent. | 30 | 80 | 38 | 20 HB | 61.8 % IACS |
As fabricated | Mill-supplied continuous-cast conductor rod or hot-rolled coil for further drawing; properties not guaranteed. | 40 | 85 | 25 | 22 HB | 61.5 % IACS |
Strain hardened and partially annealed, quarter hard | Stabilised soft-hard strip: like H12 strength but with better ductility and flatness after partial anneal. | 65 | 90 | 16 | 24 HB | 61.5 % IACS |
H12This page Strain hardened, quarter hard | Light cold work for slightly stiffer strip/rod that still bends and forms easily. | 75 | 90 | 12 | 25 HB | 61.5 % IACS |
Strain hardened and partially annealed, half hard | Half-hard strip/foil with recovered ductility — common for foil, fin stock and formed conductor parts. | 80 | 100 | 12 | 27 HB | 61 % IACS |
Strain hardened, half hard | The usual compromise temper for conductor strip, busbar and general sheet needing some stiffness with moderate bending. | 90 | 100 | 9 | 28 HB | 61 % IACS |
Strain hardened and partially annealed, three-quarter hard | Use where H16 strength is wanted but a little more bend ductility is needed. | 95 | 115 | 8 | 31 HB | 61 % IACS |
Strain hardened, three-quarter hard | Choose when higher strip stiffness/spring-back is needed and only gentle forming is required. | 100 | 115 | 6 | 32 HB | 61 % IACS |
Strain hardened, full hard | Maximum cold-worked strength for hard-drawn wire, hard strip and thin foil where forming is minimal. | 115 | 130 | 5 | 35 HB | 60.5 % IACS |
Strain hardened, extra hard | Heavily drawn wire/rod temper for overhead conductor and stranded cable where tensile strength governs. | 145 | 165 | 2.5 | 40 HB | 61 % IACS |
What is 1435-H12?
1435-H12 is 1435 in the H12 temper — light cold work for slightly stiffer strip/rod that still bends and forms easily. 1435-H12 has a yield strength of 75 MPa (10.9 ksi) and a tensile strength of 90 MPa (13.1 ksi) — weaker than 91% of aluminum grades. Elongation at break is 12% and the elastic modulus is 69 GPa (10 Msi). 1435-H12 has a density of 2.71 g/cm³ (0.0979 lb/in³), heavier than 51% of aluminum grades. It melts at 646°C (1,195 °F). O is the default condition FabDigit quotes; H12 is available on request or by drawing note.
Advantages
- Conducts heat well — 232 W/m·K (134 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 98% of aluminum grades
- High electrical conductivity — 61.5 % IACS, better than 97% of aluminum grades
- Readily welded — 92/100, better than 95% of aluminum grades
- Forms and bends easily — 90/100, better than 93% of aluminum grades
- Polishes to a fine finish — 80/100, better than 93% of aluminum grades
Limitations
- Difficult to machine — 25/100, worse than 96% of aluminum grades
- Low strength — 75 MPa (10.9 ksi), worse than 91% of aluminum grades
1435-H12 properties
Typical room-temperature values for 1435-H12; 13 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are 1435 reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among aluminum grades.
Physical3
1435-H12 has a density of 2.71 g/cm³ (0.0979 lb/in³), heavier than 51% of aluminum grades. It melts at 646°C (1,195 °F).
Mechanical10
1435-H12 has a yield strength of 75 MPa (10.9 ksi) and a tensile strength of 90 MPa (13.1 ksi) — weaker than 91% of aluminum grades. Elongation at break is 12% and the elastic modulus is 69 GPa (10 Msi).
Thermal6
1435-H12 is rated for continuous service to 150°C (302 °F). It conducts heat at 232 W/m·K (134 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 98% of aluminum grades. Thermal expansion is 23.6 µm/m·K (13.1 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
1435-H12 conducts electricity at 61.5 % IACS, better than 97% of aluminum grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is good (63/100), better than 69% of aluminum grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of 1435-H12 takes about 205 MJ of energy and emits 12.5 kg of CO₂ — more than 76% of aluminum grades. Typical recycled content is 15%.
Manufacturability7
1435-H12's machinability is poor (25/100, worse than 96% of aluminum grades); weldability excellent (92/100); formability excellent (90/100).
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with 1435-H12
Is 1435 easy to machine?
Very soft and gummy — use polished high-rake carbide, high speed, generous cutting fluid and avoid re-cutting chips; H18 machines noticeably cleaner than O.
Can 1435 be welded?
Excellent with GTAW/GMAW/resistance welding using 1100 or 1188 filler; the weld and HAZ revert to O-temper strength and joint conductivity stays near base metal.
Can 1435 be formed, bent or molded?
Outstanding cold formability in O/H22 — deep drawing, roll forming, tight bends and foil rolling; in H16/H18 allow generous bend radii or an interstage anneal (330–400 °C).
What surface finishes work on 1435?
Takes bright/clear anodize and chemical brightening beautifully; also readily painted after conversion coating, but leave conductor contact faces unanodized (oxide is insulating).
1435 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| Siimpurity limit | ≤ 0.15 | 0.08 |
| Fecontrolled Fe range distinguishes 1435 from 1350 | 0.25 – 0.5 | 0.38 |
| Cu | ≤ 0.05 | 0.01 |
| Mn | ≤ 0.05 | 0.01 |
| Mg | ≤ 0.05 | 0.01 |
| Zn | ≤ 0.1 | 0.02 |
| Tigrain refiner residual | ≤ 0.03 | 0.01 |
| Others (each)0.10 total | ≤ 0.03 | — |
| Al99.35 % min per the '35' in the designation | ≥ 99.35 (balance) | — |
1435-H12 — frequently asked
What is 1435-H12 used for?
1435-H12 is typically used for electrical conductor wire, conductor rod stock for cable, stranded cable conductors, drawn strip and foil for conductor use, flexible annealed conductor wire and roll-formed and drawn conductor components. In short: conductor-grade pure aluminum; 61.8% IACS conductivity; excellent weldability, no strength.
What is the yield strength of 1435-H12?
1435-H12 has a typical yield strength of 75 MPa (10.9 ksi) and a tensile strength of 90 MPa (13.1 ksi) — weaker than 91% of aluminum grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 10 listed tempers.
Is 1435-H12 easy to machine?
Not especially — machinability is rated poor (25/100, worse than 96% of aluminum grades). Very soft and gummy — use polished high-rake carbide, high speed, generous cutting fluid and avoid re-cutting chips; H18 machines noticeably cleaner than O.
Can 1435-H12 be welded?
Yes — weldability is rated excellent (92/100). Excellent with GTAW/GMAW/resistance welding using 1100 or 1188 filler; the weld and HAZ revert to O-temper strength and joint conductivity stays near base metal.
What surface finishes work on 1435-H12?
Takes bright/clear anodize and chemical brightening beautifully; also readily painted after conversion coating, but leave conductor contact faces unanodized (oxide is insulating).
Can 1435-H12 be formed, bent or molded?
Outstanding cold formability in O/H22 — deep drawing, roll forming, tight bends and foil rolling; in H16/H18 allow generous bend radii or an interstage anneal (330–400 °C).
What is the maximum service temperature of 1435-H12?
1435-H12 is rated for continuous use to about 150°C (302 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between 1435-O and 1435-H19?
O is the default condition — pick for maximum ductility and conductivity: deep-drawn parts, foil stock, flexible conductors and busbar that will be bent. H19: heavily drawn wire/rod temper for overhead conductor and stranded cable where tensile strength governs. Yield strength is 30 MPa in O versus 145 MPa in H19.
Sources
- International Alloy Designations and Chemical Composition Limits for Wrought Aluminum (Teal Sheets) — The Aluminum Association (2018)
- ASM Handbook Vol.2 — Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys and Special-Purpose Materials — ASM International (1990)
- ASTM B233 / B609 — Aluminum 1350 Drawn or Rolled Rod and Round Wire for Electrical Purposes — ASTM (2018)
- Aluminum: Properties and Physical Metallurgy — ASM International (1984)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.