Steel VDSiCrV
GB VDSiCrV
VDSiCrV is a silicon-chromium-vanadium alloyed, oil hardened and tempered valve-spring quality wire to EN 10270-2 and the highest-performance grade in the series for severe fatigue and elevated-temperature duty.
Reference datasheet — VDSiCrV is not in the instant-quote catalog. Upload your part and an engineer will quote it in this grade or suggest the closest stocked equivalent.
Values for the OT condition
VDSiCrV tempers and conditions
VDSiCrV is supplied in 7 conditions, soft to hard. OT is the default FabDigit quotes; the values on this page are for it.
Compare all 7 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OT, diameter 4.0–7.0 mm | Larger diameters for clutch/suspension and heavy-duty engine springs; slightly lower tensile band. | 1,750 | 1,910 | 8 | 53 HRC | 7.5 % IACS |
OT, diameter 2.0–4.0 mm | Most commonly stocked size range for automotive valve springs. | 1,870 | 2,040 | 7 | 55 HRC | 7.5 % IACS |
OTDefault Oil hardened and tempered wire, as supplied | Standard as-delivered condition of EN 10270-2 VDSiCrV wire; coil springs directly from this state. | 1,890 | 2,060 | 7 | 55 HRC | 7.5 % IACS |
OT + nitrided (gas/plasma) + peened | Choose when the highest surface hardness and fatigue strength are required for high-rpm or high-temperature valve springs. | 1,890 | 2,010 | 5 | 62 HRC | 7.5 % IACS |
OT + stress relieved after coiling | Condition of the finished spring after low-temperature stress relief; slight tensile drop, big gain in set resistance. | 1,900 | 2,010 | 7 | 54 HRC | 7.5 % IACS |
OT + stress relieved + shot peened | Production valve-spring condition: compressive surface stress from single/dual peening raises fatigue life substantially. | 1,900 | 2,010 | 6 | 55 HRC | 7.5 % IACS |
OT, diameter 1.0–2.0 mm | Fine valve-spring wire sizes with the highest tensile band; used for small high-frequency springs. | 2,000 | 2,180 | 6 | 57 HRC | 7.5 % IACS |
What is VDSiCrV?
VDSiCrV is a silicon-chromium-vanadium alloyed, oil hardened and tempered valve-spring quality wire to EN 10270-2 and the highest-performance grade in the series for severe fatigue and elevated-temperature duty. Default oil-tempered properties are about 1890 MPa yield, 2060 MPa tensile, 7 % elongation and 55 HRC, with a service ceiling near 200 °C and OT, SR, SP and nitrided (OT-N) deliveries in diameters from 1.0 to 7.0 mm. It cannot be welded or machined at hardness, and arc strikes are cause for rejection. VDSiCr is the lower-cost alternative for less demanding valve springs. VDSiCrV has a density of 7.8 g/cm³ (0.282 lb/in³), lighter than 87% of steel grades. It melts at 1,420°C (2,588 °F). VDSiCrV has a yield strength of 1,890 MPa (274 ksi) and a tensile strength of 2,060 MPa (299 ksi) — stronger than 99% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 7% and the elastic modulus is 206 GPa (29.9 Msi).
What is VDSiCrV used for?
- high-performance engine valve springs
- racing valve springs
- critical fatigue-resistant springs
Advantages
- High strength — 1,890 MPa (274 ksi), better than 99% of steel grades
Limitations
- Difficult to machine — 12/100, worse than 99% of steel grades
- Difficult to weld — 8/100, worse than 99% of steel grades
- Limited ductility — 7%, worse than 96% of steel grades
- Low fracture toughness — 30 MPa·√m (27.3 ksi·√in), worse than 96% of steel grades
- Limited service temperature — 200°C (392 °F), worse than 93% of steel grades
VDSiCrV properties
Typical room-temperature values for VDSiCrV-OT; bars are the position among steel grades.
Physical3
VDSiCrV has a density of 7.8 g/cm³ (0.282 lb/in³), lighter than 87% of steel grades. It melts at 1,420°C (2,588 °F).
Mechanical15
VDSiCrV has a yield strength of 1,890 MPa (274 ksi) and a tensile strength of 2,060 MPa (299 ksi) — stronger than 99% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 7% and the elastic modulus is 206 GPa (29.9 Msi).
Thermal6
VDSiCrV is rated for continuous service to 200°C (392 °F). It conducts heat at 40 W/m·K (23.1 BTU/hr·ft·°F), worse than 64% of steel grades. Thermal expansion is 12.5 µm/m·K (6.94 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
VDSiCrV conducts electricity at 7.5 % IACS, worse than 67% of steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental2
Corrosion resistance is not recommended (12/100), worse than 53% of steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of VDSiCrV takes about 32 MJ of energy and emits 2.3 kg of CO₂ — more than 70% of steel grades. Typical recycled content is 20%.
Manufacturability6
VDSiCrV's machinability is not recommended (12/100, worse than 99% of steel grades); weldability not recommended (8/100); formability fair (35/100).
Common Calculations5
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Certified mill or lot data ships with every FabDigit order on request.
Strength versus weight in the steel family
Yield strength against density for every steel grade FabDigit runs. VDSiCrV is highlighted; hover a dot for its name, or open the interactive family chart.
Working with VDSiCrV
Is VDSiCrV easy to machine?
Supplied at ~55 HRC — not machined; ends are ground with soft wheels and coils cut by abrasive/CBN, avoiding grinding burn.
Can VDSiCrV be welded?
Effectively unweldable; welding or arc strikes create untempered martensite and are cause for rejection of spring wire.
Can VDSiCrV be formed, bent or molded?
Cold coiled in the delivered oil-tempered state on CNC coilers, then stress relieved 400–430 °C for 20–30 min; never re-austenitize.
VDSiCrV chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| Chigh-carbon martensitic matrix | 0.6 – 0.7 | 0.65 |
| Siraises tempering resistance and set resistance | 1.2 – 1.6 | 1.4 |
| Mn | 0.5 – 0.9 | 0.7 |
| Crhardenability, carbide stability | 0.5 – 0.8 | 0.65 |
| Vgrain refinement, stable MC carbides for heat/relaxation resistance | 0.1 – 0.2 | 0.15 |
| P | ≤ 0.02 | |
| S | ≤ 0.02 | |
| Cumax, residual | ≤ 0.12 | |
| Fe | balance |
What surface finishes work on VDSiCrV?
Shot peen (often dual peen) and hot pre-set for fatigue life; protect with phosphate+oil, epoxy or zinc-flake — avoid acid pickling and electroplating (hydrogen embrittlement) or bake immediately.
Surface treatments FabDigit runs on steel parts — pick them in the quote configurator or call them out on the drawing. Each links to its datasheet in the surface-finish library (thickness, specs, call-out, material verdicts).
Organic Coating
Black / Phosphate
Thermal Spray
How much does VDSiCrV cost?
VDSiCrV is a standard-cost steel ($$), cheaper than about 71% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
VDSiCrV — frequently asked
What is VDSiCrV used for?
VDSiCrV is typically used for high-performance engine valve springs, racing valve springs and critical fatigue-resistant springs. In short: highest-strength valve-spring wire; best fatigue life in series; si-Cr-V oil-tempered grade.
What is the yield strength of VDSiCrV?
VDSiCrV has a typical yield strength of 1,890 MPa (274 ksi) and a tensile strength of 2,060 MPa (299 ksi) — stronger than 99% of steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 7 listed tempers.
Is VDSiCrV easy to machine?
Not especially — machinability is rated not recommended (12/100, worse than 99% of steel grades). Supplied at ~55 HRC — not machined; ends are ground with soft wheels and coils cut by abrasive/CBN, avoiding grinding burn.
Can VDSiCrV be welded?
Not readily — weldability is rated not recommended (8/100). Effectively unweldable; welding or arc strikes create untempered martensite and are cause for rejection of spring wire.
What surface finishes work on VDSiCrV?
Shot peen (often dual peen) and hot pre-set for fatigue life; protect with phosphate+oil, epoxy or zinc-flake — avoid acid pickling and electroplating (hydrogen embrittlement) or bake immediately.
Can VDSiCrV be formed, bent or molded?
Cold coiled in the delivered oil-tempered state on CNC coilers, then stress relieved 400–430 °C for 20–30 min; never re-austenitize.
What is the maximum service temperature of VDSiCrV?
VDSiCrV is rated for continuous use to about 200°C (392 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between VDSiCrV-OT and VDSiCrV OT-SR?
OT is the default condition — standard as-delivered condition of EN 10270-2 VDSiCrV wire; coil springs directly from this state. OT-SR: condition of the finished spring after low-temperature stress relief; slight tensile drop, big gain in set resistance. Yield strength is 1,890 MPa in OT versus 1,900 MPa in OT-SR.
How much does VDSiCrV cost?
VDSiCrV is a standard-cost steel ($$), cheaper than about 71% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
Sources
- EN 10270-2 Steel wire for mechanical springs — Part 2: Oil hardened and tempered spring steel wire — CEN (2012)
- EN 13906-1 Cylindrical helical springs — Compression springs design — CEN (2013)
- JIS G 3561 Oil tempered Si-Cr(-V) valve spring quality steel wire (SWOSC-V / SWOSC-VV) — JSA (2016)
- ASM Handbook Vol.1 — Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels, and High-Performance Alloys (spring steels) — ASM International (1990)
- Oil tempered Si-Cr-V valve spring wire datasheets — Suzuki Garphyttan / Kobe Steel / Sandvik (2022)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison; hardness values on non-Brinell scales are converted approximately for charting only. Manufacturability limits are FabDigit quote-engine defaults and may be relaxed by engineering review. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.