Steel TDCrV
TDCrV is an oil-tempered chromium-vanadium spring wire (ASTM A232) supplied at final strength: about 1800 MPa tensile, 1590 MPa yield, 7 % elongation and 51 HRC.
Reference datasheet — TDCrV is not in the instant-quote catalog. Upload your part and an engineer will quote it in this grade or suggest the closest stocked equivalent.
Values for the OT condition
TDCrV tempers and conditions
TDCrV is supplied in 4 conditions, soft to hard. OT is the default FabDigit quotes; the values on this page are for it.
Compare all 4 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Spheroidize annealed rod/wire | Soft intermediate condition for hot-coiled springs or machined parts that will be quenched and tempered afterwards. | 450 | 700 | 18 | 200 HB | — |
OTDefault Oil hardened and tempered wire, as supplied | Standard as-delivered condition for mid-size coil springs; buy this unless a specific diameter class is needed. | 1,590 | 1,800 | 7 | 51 HRC | — |
OT + stress relieved after coiling | Mandatory post-coiling low-temperature bake; raises elastic limit and set resistance with a slight drop in UTS. | 1,650 | 1,780 | 7 | 50 HRC | 8 % IACS |
OT + stress relieved + shot peened spring | Pick for high-cycle dynamic springs: compressive surface stresses lift fatigue strength 20–30 %. | 1,650 | 1,780 | 7 | 51 HRC | 8 % IACS |
Supply forms, finishes and certifications
Ways TDCrV is supplied — form, process route, surface or paperwork — without a datasheet of their own. The property values above apply.
| Option | What it is | Type |
|---|---|---|
OT-D0.5-1.0 | OT, diameter 0.50–1.00 mm | Supply option |
OT-D1.0-2.0 | OT, diameter 1.00–2.00 mm | Supply option |
OT-D10-17 | OT, diameter 10.0–17.0 mm | Supply option |
OT-D4.0-6.0 | OT, diameter 4.00–6.00 mm | Supply option |
OT-D6.0-10.0 | OT, diameter 6.00–10.00 mm | Supply option |
What is TDCrV?
TDCrV is an oil-tempered chromium-vanadium spring wire (ASTM A232) supplied at final strength: about 1800 MPa tensile, 1590 MPa yield, 7 % elongation and 51 HRC. It is used for high-stress dynamic springs because the wire only needs coiling plus a low-temperature stress-relief bake; stock covers diameter groups from under 1 mm up to 17 mm, along with a spheroidize-annealed (SA) condition for machined parts and stress-relieved or shot-peened deliveries. Limits are roughly 150 °C maximum service temperature, no practical weldability and low machinability (score 20). Oil-tempered silicon-chromium valve spring wire is the usual alternative when higher relaxation resistance is needed. TDCrV has a density of 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³), heavier than 56% of steel grades. It melts at 1,420°C (2,588 °F). TDCrV has a yield strength of 1,590 MPa (231 ksi) and a tensile strength of 1,800 MPa (261 ksi) — stronger than 98% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 7% and the elastic modulus is 206 GPa (29.9 Msi).
What is TDCrV used for?
- automotive valve springs
- high-fatigue precision springs
- heavy-duty compression springs
Advantages
- High strength — 1,590 MPa (231 ksi), better than 98% of steel grades
Limitations
- Limited service temperature — 150°C (302 °F), worse than 99% of steel grades
- Difficult to machine — 20/100, worse than 97% of steel grades
- Limited ductility — 7%, worse than 96% of steel grades
- Low fracture toughness — 30 MPa·√m (27.3 ksi·√in), worse than 96% of steel grades
- Difficult to weld — 12/100, worse than 96% of steel grades
TDCrV properties
Typical room-temperature values for TDCrV-OT; bars are the position among steel grades.
Physical3
TDCrV has a density of 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³), heavier than 56% of steel grades. It melts at 1,420°C (2,588 °F).
Mechanical13
TDCrV has a yield strength of 1,590 MPa (231 ksi) and a tensile strength of 1,800 MPa (261 ksi) — stronger than 98% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 7% and the elastic modulus is 206 GPa (29.9 Msi).
Thermal6
TDCrV is rated for continuous service to 150°C (302 °F). It conducts heat at 44 W/m·K (25.4 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 57% of steel grades. Thermal expansion is 12.5 µm/m·K (6.94 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
TDCrV conducts electricity at 8 % IACS, better than 55% of steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is not recommended (12/100), worse than 53% of steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of TDCrV takes about 34 MJ of energy and emits 2.3 kg of CO₂ — more than 82% of steel grades. Typical recycled content is 25%.
Manufacturability7
TDCrV's machinability is poor (20/100, worse than 97% of steel grades); weldability not recommended (12/100); formability poor (30/100).
Common Calculations5
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Certified mill or lot data ships with every FabDigit order on request.
Strength versus weight in the steel family
Yield strength against density for every steel grade FabDigit runs. TDCrV is highlighted; hover a dot for its name, or open the interactive family chart.
Working with TDCrV
Is TDCrV easy to machine?
Machine only in the spheroidize-annealed condition; in the 48–54 HRC oil-tempered state use grinding or carbide/CBN tooling for end squaring and tip dressing.
Can TDCrV be welded?
Effectively non-weldable — the high carbon plus Cr-V gives hard, crack-prone HAZ and destroys the temper; use mechanical hooks, loops or crimped end fittings.
Can TDCrV be formed, bent or molded?
Cold coil on CNC formers with generous mandrel ratio (D/d ≥ 4); always bake 250–420 °C for 20–60 min after coiling to relieve residual stress and set the free length.
TDCrV chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| CCr-V oil-tempered spring wire base (≈50CrV4/54CrV4; ASTM A231/A232 use 0.48–0.53) | 0.5 – 0.6 | 0.55 |
| Si | 0.15 – 0.35 | 0.25 |
| Mn | 0.7 – 1.1 | 0.9 |
| Crhardenability and temper resistance | 0.9 – 1.2 | 1.05 |
| Vgrain refinement, carbide strengthening | 0.1 – 0.25 | 0.17 |
| P | ≤ 0.03 | |
| S | ≤ 0.03 | |
| Cumax, residual | ≤ 0.12 | |
| Fe | balance |
What surface finishes work on TDCrV?
Shot peen dynamic springs, then phosphate + oil, zinc or zinc-nickel plate (bake ≥190 °C, 4–8 h after plating to avoid hydrogen embrittlement) or epoxy/powder coat for corrosive service.
Surface treatments FabDigit runs on steel parts — pick them in the quote configurator or call them out on the drawing. Each links to its datasheet in the surface-finish library (thickness, specs, call-out, material verdicts).
Organic Coating
Black / Phosphate
Thermal Spray
Equivalent designations
Standards and trade names that resolve to Steel TDCrV in FabDigit's catalog. Equivalence is nominal — check the exact specification when certification matters.
- Similar grades
- A232
How much does TDCrV cost?
TDCrV is a standard-cost steel ($$), cheaper than about 71% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
TDCrV — frequently asked
What is TDCrV used for?
TDCrV is typically used for automotive valve springs, high-fatigue precision springs and heavy-duty compression springs. In short: ready-tempered spring wire; cr-V valve spring quality; high fatigue strength.
What is the yield strength of TDCrV?
TDCrV has a typical yield strength of 1,590 MPa (231 ksi) and a tensile strength of 1,800 MPa (261 ksi) — stronger than 98% of steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 4 listed tempers.
Is TDCrV easy to machine?
Not especially — machinability is rated poor (20/100, worse than 97% of steel grades). Machine only in the spheroidize-annealed condition; in the 48–54 HRC oil-tempered state use grinding or carbide/CBN tooling for end squaring and tip dressing.
Can TDCrV be welded?
Not readily — weldability is rated not recommended (12/100). Effectively non-weldable — the high carbon plus Cr-V gives hard, crack-prone HAZ and destroys the temper; use mechanical hooks, loops or crimped end fittings.
What surface finishes work on TDCrV?
Shot peen dynamic springs, then phosphate + oil, zinc or zinc-nickel plate (bake ≥190 °C, 4–8 h after plating to avoid hydrogen embrittlement) or epoxy/powder coat for corrosive service.
Can TDCrV be formed, bent or molded?
Cold coil on CNC formers with generous mandrel ratio (D/d ≥ 4); always bake 250–420 °C for 20–60 min after coiling to relieve residual stress and set the free length.
What is the maximum service temperature of TDCrV?
TDCrV is rated for continuous use to about 150°C (302 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between TDCrV-OT and TDCrV-SA?
OT is the default condition — standard as-delivered condition for mid-size coil springs; buy this unless a specific diameter class is needed. SA: soft intermediate condition for hot-coiled springs or machined parts that will be quenched and tempered afterwards. Yield strength is 1,590 MPa in OT versus 450 MPa in SA.
How much does TDCrV cost?
TDCrV is a standard-cost steel ($$), cheaper than about 71% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
Sources
- EN 10270-2 — Steel wire for mechanical springs, Part 2: Oil hardened and tempered spring steel wire — CEN (2011)
- ASTM A232/A232M — Chromium-Vanadium Alloy Steel Valve Spring Quality Wire — ASTM (2019)
- ASTM A231/A231M — Chromium-Vanadium Alloy Steel Spring Wire — ASTM (2019)
- EN 13906-1 — Cylindrical helical springs, design and calculation — CEN (2013)
- ASM Handbook Vol.1 — Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels and High-Performance Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- ASM Handbook Vol.19 — Fatigue and Fracture — ASM International (1996)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison; hardness values on non-Brinell scales are converted approximately for charting only. Manufacturability limits are FabDigit quote-engine defaults and may be relaxed by engineering review. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.