Steel A436 Type 1 TYPE6
Grade
ASTM A436 Type 1 · EN EN-GJLA-XNiMn13-7 · ISO 185 L-NiMn13 7
Molybdenum-bearing 20 % Ni grade with improved strength and resistance to sulfuric/mixed acids and seawater erosion-corrosion.
Values for the TYPE6 condition
Other A436 Type 1 tempers and conditions
A436 Type 1 is listed in 8 conditions; see the grade overview at A436 Type 1.
Compare all 8 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
35 % Ni low-expansion austenitic gray iron | Invar-like 34–36 % Ni grade selected purely for minimum thermal expansion and dimensional stability (machine-tool parts, gauges, glass moulds, optical mounts). | — | 150 | 2 | 110 HB | 37 W/m·K |
high-silicon 30 % Ni austenitic gray iron | High-Si, high-Cr variant for the best oxidation/scale resistance and hot-strength — furnace parts, dies and hot-gas components to ~900 °C. | — | 180 | 1.5 | 175 HB | 30 W/m·K |
TYPE1Default as-cast austenitic Ni-Cu-Cr gray iron | General-purpose Ni-Resist for pumps, valves and marine hardware handling seawater, dilute acids and alkalis where copper is acceptable. | — | 190 | 2 | 150 HB | 39 W/m·K |
copper-free austenitic Ni-Cr gray iron | Copper-free version for caustic/alkali service, food and ammonia handling, and for the lowest magnetic permeability among the standard grades. | — | 190 | 2 | 140 HB | 39 W/m·K |
30 % Ni austenitic gray iron | 30 % Ni grade for thermal-shock and low-expansion-mismatch duty, cryogenic and high-temperature parts, and improved acid/alkali resistance. | — | 190 | 2 | 140 HB | 38 W/m·K |
TYPE6This page Ni-Cu-Cr-Mo austenitic gray iron | Molybdenum-bearing 20 % Ni grade with improved strength and resistance to sulfuric/mixed acids and seawater erosion-corrosion. | — | 195 | 2 | 150 HB | 40 W/m·K |
higher-chromium Ni-Cu-Cr gray iron | Choose when more hardness, erosion and abrasion resistance is needed than Type 1 (pump impellers, wear rings) and machining ease is secondary. | — | 220 | 1.5 | 180 HB | 39 W/m·K |
high-chromium Ni-Cr gray iron | Highest-strength/hardest flake grade in the family — for erosive slurry, steam and high-temperature parts needing growth resistance. | — | 225 | 1.5 | 20 HRC | 38 W/m·K |
What is A436 Type 1 TYPE6?
A436 Type 1 TYPE6 is A436 Type 1 in the TYPE6 grade — molybdenum-bearing 20 % Ni grade with improved strength and resistance to sulfuric/mixed acids and seawater erosion-corrosion. A436 Type 1 TYPE6 has a yield strength of 130 MPa (18.9 ksi) and a tensile strength of 195 MPa (28.3 ksi) — weaker than 100% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 2% and the elastic modulus is 100 GPa (14.5 Msi). A436 Type 1 TYPE6 has a density of 7.4 g/cm³ (0.267 lb/in³), lighter than 98% of steel grades. It melts at 1,150°C (2,102 °F). TYPE1 is the default condition FabDigit quotes; TYPE6 is available on request or by drawing note.
Advantages
- High service temperature — 760°C (1,400 °F), better than 100% of steel grades
- Good corrosion resistance — 58/100, better than 99% of steel grades
Limitations
- Low strength — 130 MPa (18.9 ksi), worse than 100% of steel grades
- Low stiffness — 100 GPa (14.5 Msi), worse than 100% of steel grades
- Low fracture toughness — 15 MPa·√m (13.7 ksi·√in), worse than 100% of steel grades
- Low electrical conductivity — 1.7 % IACS, worse than 100% of steel grades
- Limited ductility — 2%, worse than 99% of steel grades
A436 Type 1 TYPE6 properties
Typical room-temperature values for A436 Type 1 TYPE6; 11 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are A436 Type 1 reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among steel grades.
Physical3
A436 Type 1 TYPE6 has a density of 7.4 g/cm³ (0.267 lb/in³), lighter than 98% of steel grades. It melts at 1,150°C (2,102 °F).
Mechanical12
A436 Type 1 TYPE6 has a yield strength of 130 MPa (18.9 ksi) and a tensile strength of 195 MPa (28.3 ksi) — weaker than 100% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 2% and the elastic modulus is 100 GPa (14.5 Msi).
Thermal6
A436 Type 1 TYPE6 is rated for continuous service to 760°C (1,400 °F). It conducts heat at 40 W/m·K (23.1 BTU/hr·ft·°F), worse than 64% of steel grades. Thermal expansion is 14.7 µm/m·K (8.17 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
A436 Type 1 TYPE6 conducts electricity at 1.7 % IACS, worse than 100% of steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is good (58/100), better than 99% of steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of A436 Type 1 TYPE6 takes about 45 MJ of energy and emits 3.6 kg of CO₂ — more than 93% of steel grades. Typical recycled content is 60%.
Manufacturability7
A436 Type 1 TYPE6's machinability is fair (48/100, worse than 57% of steel grades); weldability poor (30/100); formability not recommended (3/100).
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with A436 Type 1 TYPE6
Is A436 Type 1 easy to machine?
Machines like a tough gray iron: carbide tooling, low speeds and generous feeds to avoid work-hardening the austenite; high-Cr (1b, 2b) and high-Si (4) types need rigid setups and are best ground for finish cuts.
Can A436 Type 1 be welded?
Weldable with Ni-Fe or Ni-based electrodes (ENiFe-CI/ENi-CI) using low heat input, short stringer beads and peening; preheat 150–300 °C and slow cool to avoid cracking, then stress relieve at ~620 °C.
Can A436 Type 1 be formed, bent or molded?
Sand-cast only — good fluidity, moderate shrinkage; use generous radii, controlled section change and inoculation for uniform graphite; no cold forming possible.
What surface finishes work on A436 Type 1?
Takes paint, coal-tar epoxy and rubber lining well after abrasive blasting; graphite flakes limit mirror polish, and no anodizing applies (ferrous alloy).
A436 Type 1 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| Ctotal carbon, Type 1 | ≤ 3 | 2.8 |
| Si | 1 – 2.8 | 2 |
| Mn | 0.5 – 1.5 | 1 |
| Ni | 13.5 – 17.5 | 15 |
| Cu | 5.5 – 7.5 | 6.5 |
| CrType 1b: 2.50–3.50 | 1.5 – 2.5 | 2 |
| S | ≤ 0.12 | — |
| Fe | balance | — |
A436 Type 1 TYPE6 — frequently asked
What is A436 Type 1 TYPE6 used for?
A436 Type 1 TYPE6 is typically used for exhaust manifolds, turbocharger housings, pump housings and valve bodies. In short: non-magnetic gray iron; 760 °C service temperature; corrosion-resistant Ni-Resist casting.
What is the yield strength of A436 Type 1 TYPE6?
A436 Type 1 TYPE6 has a typical yield strength of 130 MPa (18.9 ksi) and a tensile strength of 195 MPa (28.3 ksi) — weaker than 100% of steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 8 listed tempers.
Is A436 Type 1 TYPE6 easy to machine?
Reasonably — machinability is rated fair (48/100, worse than 57% of steel grades). Machines like a tough gray iron: carbide tooling, low speeds and generous feeds to avoid work-hardening the austenite; high-Cr (1b, 2b) and high-Si (4) types need rigid setups and are best ground for finish cuts.
Can A436 Type 1 TYPE6 be welded?
Not readily — weldability is rated poor (30/100). Weldable with Ni-Fe or Ni-based electrodes (ENiFe-CI/ENi-CI) using low heat input, short stringer beads and peening; preheat 150–300 °C and slow cool to avoid cracking, then stress relieve at ~620 °C.
What surface finishes work on A436 Type 1 TYPE6?
Takes paint, coal-tar epoxy and rubber lining well after abrasive blasting; graphite flakes limit mirror polish, and no anodizing applies (ferrous alloy).
Can A436 Type 1 TYPE6 be formed, bent or molded?
Sand-cast only — good fluidity, moderate shrinkage; use generous radii, controlled section change and inoculation for uniform graphite; no cold forming possible.
What is the maximum service temperature of A436 Type 1 TYPE6?
A436 Type 1 TYPE6 is rated for continuous use to about 760°C (1,400 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
Sources
- ASTM A436 Standard Specification for Austenitic Gray Iron Castings — ASTM International (2021)
- Engineering Properties of Ni-Resist and Ductile Ni-Resist Alloys (Pub. 11018) — Nickel Institute / NiDI (1998)
- ASM Handbook Vol. 1 — Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels, and High-Performance Alloys (Cast Irons) — ASM International (1990)
- EN 13835 Founding — Austenitic cast irons — CEN (2012)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.