Aluminum 1235-H12
Temper
AA 1235 · UNS A91235 · EN AW-1235, Al99.35 · JIS A1235
H12 = strain hardened, quarter hard
Light cold work for slightly stiffer coil that still forms easily.
Values for the H12 condition
Other 1235 tempers and conditions
1235 is listed in 12 conditions; see the grade overview at 1235.
Compare all 12 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ODefault Annealed | Pick for household foil, deep-drawn container foil and any application needing maximum ductility and dead-fold behaviour. | 30 | 80 | 32 | 21 HB | 62 % IACS |
Slightly strain hardened | Essentially soft coil that has picked up slight cold work from levelling/straightening; specify when near-O ductility with flat, handleable coil is needed. | 45 | 85 | 25 | 23 HB | 62 % IACS |
Strain hardened from hot working only | Hot-rolled/hot-worked plate or thicker coil supplied with guaranteed minimum properties; used for foil-mill slab-derived plate and general non-critical parts. | 45 | 90 | 22 | 23 HB | 62 % IACS |
As fabricated | Mill product (hot-rolled slab/coil) supplied without guaranteed mechanicals, typically as feedstock for further rolling. | 45 | 90 | 20 | 24 HB | 62 % IACS |
Strain hardened and partially annealed, quarter hard | Partially annealed foil giving softer feel with better elongation than H12 at similar strength. | 70 | 95 | 14 | 25 HB | 61.5 % IACS |
H12This page Strain hardened, quarter hard | Light cold work for slightly stiffer coil that still forms easily. | 75 | 95 | 12 | 26 HB | 61 % IACS |
Strain hardened and partially annealed, half hard | Very common semi-rigid foil temper for container/lidding stock needing both stiffness and formability. | 90 | 115 | 10 | 29 HB | 61 % IACS |
Strain hardened, half hard | Balanced strength/formability coil for semi-rigid foil containers and laminations. | 100 | 115 | 8 | 30 HB | 61 % IACS |
Strain hardened and partially annealed, three-quarter hard | Use when H16 strength is wanted but with a little more residual ductility for slitting and winding. | 110 | 135 | 6 | 34 HB | 61 % IACS |
Strain hardened, three-quarter hard | Stiffer foil/strip where limited bending is required, e.g. cable shielding tape. | 120 | 135 | 5 | 35 HB | 61 % IACS |
Strain hardened, full hard | The standard hard-rolled foil condition for laminating, cable wrap and battery/packaging foil where stiffness and strength matter more than fold ductility. | 140 | 155 | 3 | 40 HB | 61 % IACS |
Strain hardened, extra hard | Highest-strength cold-rolled condition, used for thin cable tape and reinforcement foil; very little remaining ductility. | 155 | 170 | 2 | 43 HB | 60.5 % IACS |
What is 1235-H12?
1235-H12 is 1235 in the H12 temper — light cold work for slightly stiffer coil that still forms easily. 1235-H12 has a yield strength of 75 MPa (10.9 ksi) and a tensile strength of 95 MPa (13.8 ksi) — weaker than 91% of aluminum grades. Elongation at break is 12% and the elastic modulus is 69 GPa (10 Msi). 1235-H12 has a density of 2.71 g/cm³ (0.0979 lb/in³), heavier than 51% of aluminum grades. It melts at 646°C (1,195 °F). O is the default condition FabDigit quotes; H12 is available on request or by drawing note.
Advantages
- Conducts heat well — 231 W/m·K (133.5 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 97% of aluminum grades
- High electrical conductivity — 61 % IACS, better than 96% of aluminum grades
- Good corrosion resistance — 78/100, better than 94% of aluminum grades
- Forms and bends easily — 88/100, better than 92% of aluminum grades
- Readily welded — 90/100, better than 90% of aluminum grades
Limitations
- Difficult to machine — 29/100, worse than 94% of aluminum grades
- Low strength — 75 MPa (10.9 ksi), worse than 91% of aluminum grades
- Limited service temperature — 120°C (248 °F), worse than 79% of aluminum grades
1235-H12 properties
Typical room-temperature values for 1235-H12; 18 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are 1235 reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among aluminum grades.
Physical3
1235-H12 has a density of 2.71 g/cm³ (0.0979 lb/in³), heavier than 51% of aluminum grades. It melts at 646°C (1,195 °F).
Mechanical11
1235-H12 has a yield strength of 75 MPa (10.9 ksi) and a tensile strength of 95 MPa (13.8 ksi) — weaker than 91% of aluminum grades. Elongation at break is 12% and the elastic modulus is 69 GPa (10 Msi).
Thermal6
1235-H12 is rated for continuous service to 120°C (248 °F). It conducts heat at 231 W/m·K (133.5 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 97% of aluminum grades. Thermal expansion is 23.6 µm/m·K (13.1 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
1235-H12 conducts electricity at 61 % IACS, better than 96% of aluminum grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is very good (78/100), better than 94% of aluminum grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of 1235-H12 takes about 200 MJ of energy and emits 12.5 kg of CO₂ — less than 60% of aluminum grades. Typical recycled content is 20%.
Manufacturability8
1235-H12's machinability is poor (29/100, worse than 94% of aluminum grades); weldability excellent (90/100); formability excellent (88/100).
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with 1235-H12
Is 1235 easy to machine?
Very gummy in O/H1x tempers — use sharp polished high-rake carbide, high speed, low feed and generous lubricant; expect built-up edge and poor chip breaking.
Can 1235 be welded?
Readily fusion welded (TIG/MIG) with 1100 or 1188 filler, but foil gauges are joined by ultrasonic, resistance seam or adhesive/heat-seal lamination instead.
Can 1235 be formed, bent or molded?
Outstanding cold formability — rolls to 6 µm foil, deep draws and dead-folds in O temper; anneal between heavy reduction passes and watch pinholes at ultra-thin gauge.
What surface finishes work on 1235?
Takes clear/bright anodizing, conversion coating, printing lacquers and PE/PET lamination well; degrease rolling oil thoroughly before coating.
1235 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| Si+Fecombined limit per AA registration | ≤ 0.65 | 0.5 |
| Cu | ≤ 0.05 | 0.01 |
| Mn | ≤ 0.05 | 0.01 |
| Mg | ≤ 0.05 | 0.01 |
| Zn | ≤ 0.1 | 0.02 |
| V+Ticombined limit | ≤ 0.06 | 0.02 |
| Others (each) | ≤ 0.03 | — |
| Others (total) | ≤ 0.03 | — |
| Alminimum aluminium content defines the grade | ≥ 99.35 (balance) | — |
1235-H12 — frequently asked
What is 1235-H12 used for?
1235-H12 is typically used for aluminum foil, packaging laminate, cable wrap and insulation foil. In short: foil-gauge pure aluminum; near-maximum cold formability; high thermal conductivity.
What is the yield strength of 1235-H12?
1235-H12 has a typical yield strength of 75 MPa (10.9 ksi) and a tensile strength of 95 MPa (13.8 ksi) — weaker than 91% of aluminum grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 12 listed tempers.
Is 1235-H12 easy to machine?
Not especially — machinability is rated poor (29/100, worse than 94% of aluminum grades). Very gummy in O/H1x tempers — use sharp polished high-rake carbide, high speed, low feed and generous lubricant; expect built-up edge and poor chip breaking.
Can 1235-H12 be welded?
Yes — weldability is rated excellent (90/100). Readily fusion welded (TIG/MIG) with 1100 or 1188 filler, but foil gauges are joined by ultrasonic, resistance seam or adhesive/heat-seal lamination instead.
What surface finishes work on 1235-H12?
Takes clear/bright anodizing, conversion coating, printing lacquers and PE/PET lamination well; degrease rolling oil thoroughly before coating.
Can 1235-H12 be formed, bent or molded?
Outstanding cold formability — rolls to 6 µm foil, deep draws and dead-folds in O temper; anneal between heavy reduction passes and watch pinholes at ultra-thin gauge.
What is the maximum service temperature of 1235-H12?
1235-H12 is rated for continuous use to about 120°C (248 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between 1235-O and 1235-H19?
O is the default condition — pick for household foil, deep-drawn container foil and any application needing maximum ductility and dead-fold behaviour. H19: highest-strength cold-rolled condition, used for thin cable tape and reinforcement foil; very little remaining ductility. Yield strength is 30 MPa in O versus 155 MPa in H19.
Sources
- International Alloy Designations and Chemical Composition Limits for Wrought Aluminum (Teal Sheets) — The Aluminum Association (2018)
- EN 573-3 / EN 546 Aluminium and aluminium alloys — foil — CEN (2019)
- ASM Handbook Vol. 2: Properties and Selection — Nonferrous Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- Aluminium foil stock 1235 technical data — foil-mill producer datasheets (2023)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.