Steel 1110 CARB
Heat-treated state
AISI/SAE 1110 · UNS G11100
CARB = carburized and quenched, case ~0.5 mm
Choose when a machined 1110 part needs a wear-resistant surface; core stays soft and tough.
Values for the CARB condition
Other 1110 tempers and conditions
1110 is listed in 6 conditions; see the grade overview at 1110.
Compare all 6 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Annealed | Softest, most ductile state for cold heading, staking or severe forming before final machining. | 195 | 340 | 32 | 95 HB | — |
Hot rolled | Cheapest form for larger machined parts where surface finish and size tolerance are cut anyway. | 205 | 365 | 28 | 103 HB | — |
Normalized | Use to homogenize forged or heavily banded bar and get uniform grain before carburizing. | 235 | 390 | 30 | 110 HB | 11 % IACS |
Cold drawn, stress relieved | Pick when long slender turned parts must stay straight after heavy asymmetric machining. | 340 | 425 | 18 | 116 HB | 10.5 % IACS |
CARBThis page Carburized and quenched, case ~0.5 mm | Choose when a machined 1110 part needs a wear-resistant surface; core stays soft and tough. | 350 | 550 | 12 | 58 HRC | — |
CDDefault Cold drawn | Standard stock condition: bright, close-tolerance bar for automatic lathes and screw-machine work. | 380 | 440 | 15 | 121 HB | — |
What is 1110 CARB?
1110 CARB is 1110 heat treated to CARB — choose when a machined 1110 part needs a wear-resistant surface; core stays soft and tough. 1110 CARB has a yield strength of 350 MPa (50.8 ksi) and a tensile strength of 550 MPa (79.8 ksi) — weaker than 74% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 12% and the elastic modulus is 205 GPa (29.7 Msi). 1110 CARB has a density of 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³), heavier than 56% of steel grades. It melts at 1,425°C (2,597 °F). CD is the default condition FabDigit quotes; CARB is available on request or by drawing note.
Advantages
- Conducts heat well — 51 W/m·K (29.5 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 92% of steel grades
- Low embodied carbon — 1.9 kg CO₂/kg, better than 92% of steel grades
- High electrical conductivity — 10.5 % IACS, better than 89% of steel grades
Limitations
- Difficult to machine — 20/100, worse than 97% of steel grades
- Limited ductility — 12%, worse than 84% of steel grades
- Difficult to weld — 20/100, worse than 84% of steel grades
- Hard to polish — 45/100, worse than 84% of steel grades
1110 CARB properties
Typical room-temperature values for 1110 CARB; 10 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are 1110 reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among steel grades.
Physical3
1110 CARB has a density of 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³), heavier than 56% of steel grades. It melts at 1,425°C (2,597 °F).
Mechanical13
1110 CARB has a yield strength of 350 MPa (50.8 ksi) and a tensile strength of 550 MPa (79.8 ksi) — weaker than 74% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 12% and the elastic modulus is 205 GPa (29.7 Msi).
Thermal6
1110 CARB is rated for continuous service to 400°C (752 °F). It conducts heat at 51 W/m·K (29.5 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 92% of steel grades. Thermal expansion is 11.7 µm/m·K (6.5 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
1110 CARB conducts electricity at 10.5 % IACS, better than 89% of steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is not recommended (8/100), worse than 99% of steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of 1110 CARB takes about 25 MJ of energy and emits 1.9 kg of CO₂ — less than 82% of steel grades. Typical recycled content is 35%.
Manufacturability7
1110 CARB's machinability is poor (20/100, worse than 97% of steel grades); weldability poor (20/100); formability fair (45/100).
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with 1110 CARB
Is 1110 easy to machine?
Excellent free-cutting behaviour — run high speeds with sharp positive-rake tooling; MnS gives short chips and good finish, but the low carbon can still smear, so keep feeds up.
Can 1110 be welded?
Poor: sulphur promotes hot cracking and porosity — avoid structural welds, or use low-hydrogen/basic consumables, preheat and minimum restraint.
Can 1110 be formed, bent or molded?
Acceptable bending and light cold heading in the longitudinal direction; transverse ductility is low, so keep bend axes parallel to the rolling direction and use generous radii.
What surface finishes work on 1110?
No corrosion resistance as-machined — specify oil, phosphate, black oxide, zinc or electroless nickel; sulphide stringers limit mirror polishing and can cause plating pinholes.
1110 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| C | 0.08 – 0.13 | 0.1 |
| Mn | 0.3 – 0.6 | 0.45 |
| P | ≤ 0.04 | 0.02 |
| Sresulfurized for free machining | 0.08 – 0.13 | 0.1 |
| Sinot specified for 11xx bar; residual only | — | — |
| Fe | balance | — |
1110 CARB — frequently asked
What is 1110 CARB used for?
1110 CARB is typically used for screw machine parts, studs and bushings. In short: machinability score 78; high-volume screw-machine grade; poor weldability by design.
What is the yield strength of 1110 CARB?
1110 CARB has a typical yield strength of 350 MPa (50.8 ksi) and a tensile strength of 550 MPa (79.8 ksi) — weaker than 74% of steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 6 listed tempers.
Is 1110 CARB easy to machine?
Not especially — machinability is rated poor (20/100, worse than 97% of steel grades). Excellent free-cutting behaviour — run high speeds with sharp positive-rake tooling; MnS gives short chips and good finish, but the low carbon can still smear, so keep feeds up.
Can 1110 CARB be welded?
Not readily — weldability is rated poor (20/100). Poor: sulphur promotes hot cracking and porosity — avoid structural welds, or use low-hydrogen/basic consumables, preheat and minimum restraint.
What surface finishes work on 1110 CARB?
No corrosion resistance as-machined — specify oil, phosphate, black oxide, zinc or electroless nickel; sulphide stringers limit mirror polishing and can cause plating pinholes.
Can 1110 CARB be formed, bent or molded?
Acceptable bending and light cold heading in the longitudinal direction; transverse ductility is low, so keep bend axes parallel to the rolling direction and use generous radii.
What is the maximum service temperature of 1110 CARB?
1110 CARB is rated for continuous use to about 400°C (752 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between 1110-CD and 1110-ANN?
CD is the default condition — standard stock condition: bright, close-tolerance bar for automatic lathes and screw-machine work. ANN: softest, most ductile state for cold heading, staking or severe forming before final machining. Yield strength is 380 MPa in CD versus 195 MPa in ANN.
Sources
- SAE J403 — Chemical Compositions of SAE Carbon Steels — SAE International (2014)
- ASTM A108 — Standard Specification for Steel Bar, Carbon and Alloy, Cold-Finished — ASTM (2018)
- ASTM A576 — Steel Bars, Carbon, Hot-Wrought, Special Quality — ASTM (2017)
- ASM Handbook Vol.1 — Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels, and High-Performance Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- ASM Handbook Vol.16 — Machining — ASM International (1989)
- GB/T 8731 — (free-cutting structural steel) — SAC (2008)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.