Titanium VT3-1-ANN (Annealed)
Heat-treated state · default condition
Standard stocked condition for bar, forgings and rings; balanced strength, ductility and thermal stability.
Values for the ANN condition
Other VT3-1 tempers and conditions
VT3-1 is listed in 3 conditions; see the grade overview at VT3-1.
Compare all 3 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Die forged / stamped, annealed | Typical delivery condition for compressor discs, blades and blanks; properties depend on forging direction and section size. | 930 | 1,030 | 12 | 33 HRC | 1.1 % IACS |
ANNDefaultThis page Annealed | Standard stocked condition for bar, forgings and rings; balanced strength, ductility and thermal stability. | 950 | 1,050 | 13 | 34 HRC | — |
Solution treated and aged | Choose for maximum room-temperature strength in sections up to ~40–60 mm; ductility, toughness and long-term thermal stability are reduced. | 1,100 | 1,200 | 10 | 39 HRC | — |
What is VT3-1-ANN?
VT3-1-ANN is VT3-1 heat treated to ANN — standard stocked condition for bar, forgings and rings; balanced strength, ductility and thermal stability. VT3-1-ANN has a yield strength of 950 MPa (138 ksi) and a tensile strength of 1,050 MPa (152 ksi) — stronger than 88% of titanium grades. Elongation at break is 13% and the elastic modulus is 115 GPa (16.7 Msi). VT3-1-ANN has a density of 4.5 g/cm³ (0.163 lb/in³), lighter than 64% of titanium grades. It melts at 1,600°C (2,912 °F).
Advantages
- High strength — 950 MPa (138 ksi), better than 88% of titanium grades
- High service temperature — 450°C (842 °F), better than 87% of titanium grades
Limitations
- Low fracture toughness — 45 MPa·√m (41 ksi·√in), worse than 98% of titanium grades
- Difficult to weld — 45/100, worse than 92% of titanium grades
- Limited formability — 20/100, worse than 83% of titanium grades
VT3-1-ANN properties
Typical room-temperature values for VT3-1-ANN; 11 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are VT3-1 reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among titanium grades.
Physical3
VT3-1-ANN has a density of 4.5 g/cm³ (0.163 lb/in³), lighter than 64% of titanium grades. It melts at 1,600°C (2,912 °F).
Mechanical16
VT3-1-ANN has a yield strength of 950 MPa (138 ksi) and a tensile strength of 1,050 MPa (152 ksi) — stronger than 88% of titanium grades. Elongation at break is 13% and the elastic modulus is 115 GPa (16.7 Msi).
Thermal6
VT3-1-ANN is rated for continuous service to 450°C (842 °F). It conducts heat at 8 W/m·K (4.62 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 51% of titanium grades. Thermal expansion is 8.6 µm/m·K (4.78 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
VT3-1-ANN conducts electricity at 1.1 % IACS, worse than 67% of titanium grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is excellent (85/100), worse than 93% of titanium grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of VT3-1-ANN takes about 650 MJ of energy and emits 42 kg of CO₂ — less than 75% of titanium grades. Typical recycled content is 25%.
Manufacturability8
VT3-1-ANN's machinability is poor (16/100, worse than 93% of titanium grades); weldability fair (45/100); formability poor (20/100).
Common Calculations5
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with VT3-1-ANN
Is VT3-1 easy to machine?
Low speeds (~20–35 m/min carbide), heavy positive-rake tooling, rigid setups and flood coolant; avoid dwelling to prevent work hardening and fire risk from fine chips.
Can VT3-1 be welded?
GTAW/EBW/plasma in high-purity argon or vacuum with full back-purge; weld and HAZ lose ductility, so a post-weld anneal (≈600–650 °C) is normally required and the alloy is rated only conditionally weldable for load-bearing joints.
Can VT3-1 be formed, bent or molded?
Essentially a hot-working alloy — forge/roll at ≈900–1000 °C with controlled cooling; cold forming is limited to gentle bends with large radii, hot sizing preferred.
What surface finishes work on VT3-1?
Grind/pickle off alpha case after hot work; shot peening raises fatigue life, and colour anodising or ion nitriding is used for identification and anti-galling.
VT3-1 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| Alα stabiliser | 5.5 – 7 | 6.2 |
| Mo | 2 – 3 | 2.5 |
| Crβ stabiliser | 0.8 – 2.3 | 1.6 |
| Fe | 0.2 – 0.7 | 0.45 |
| Sicreep resistance | 0.15 – 0.4 | 0.25 |
| Zrimpurity limit | ≤ 0.5 | — |
| O | ≤ 0.15 | 0.12 |
| C | ≤ 0.1 | 0.05 |
| N | ≤ 0.05 | 0.02 |
| H | ≤ 0.02 | 0.01 |
| other, eachtotal ≤0.30 | ≤ 0.1 | — |
| Ti | balance | — |
VT3-1-ANN — frequently asked
What is VT3-1-ANN used for?
VT3-1-ANN is typically used for aeroengine compressor disks, compressor blades and high-temperature forgings. In short: 450 °C service titanium; compressor disk forging alloy; higher heat than Ti-6Al-4V.
What is the yield strength of VT3-1-ANN?
VT3-1-ANN has a typical yield strength of 950 MPa (138 ksi) and a tensile strength of 1,050 MPa (152 ksi) — stronger than 88% of titanium grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 3 listed tempers.
Is VT3-1-ANN easy to machine?
Not especially — machinability is rated poor (16/100, worse than 93% of titanium grades). Low speeds (~20–35 m/min carbide), heavy positive-rake tooling, rigid setups and flood coolant; avoid dwelling to prevent work hardening and fire risk from fine chips.
Can VT3-1-ANN be welded?
With care — weldability is rated fair (45/100). GTAW/EBW/plasma in high-purity argon or vacuum with full back-purge; weld and HAZ lose ductility, so a post-weld anneal (≈600–650 °C) is normally required and the alloy is rated only conditionally weldable for load-bearing joints.
What surface finishes work on VT3-1-ANN?
Grind/pickle off alpha case after hot work; shot peening raises fatigue life, and colour anodising or ion nitriding is used for identification and anti-galling.
Can VT3-1-ANN be formed, bent or molded?
Essentially a hot-working alloy — forge/roll at ≈900–1000 °C with controlled cooling; cold forming is limited to gentle bends with large radii, hot sizing preferred.
What is the maximum service temperature of VT3-1-ANN?
VT3-1-ANN is rated for continuous use to about 450°C (842 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between VT3-1-ANN and VT3-1-STA?
ANN is the default condition — standard stocked condition for bar, forgings and rings; balanced strength, ductility and thermal stability. STA: choose for maximum room-temperature strength in sections up to ~40–60 mm; ductility, toughness and long-term thermal stability are reduced. Yield strength is 950 MPa in ANN versus 1,100 MPa in STA.
Sources
- GOST 19807 — Titanium and wrought titanium alloys, grades — Gosstandart (1991)
- GOST 26492 — Titanium alloy bars, technical requirements — Gosstandart (1985)
- GB/T 3620.1 — Designation and composition of titanium and titanium alloys (TC6) — SAC (2016)
- ASM Handbook Vol. 2 — Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys (CIS titanium alloys) — ASM International (1990)
- Materials Properties Handbook: Titanium Alloys — ASM International (1994)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.