Titanium Ti Grade 24 Duplex Annealed
Heat-treated state
UNS R56404, R56405 · ASTM B265 Grade 24
Sheet/plate condition giving more uniform microstructure and slightly higher strength than mill anneal.
Values for the Duplex Annealed condition
Other Ti Grade 24 tempers and conditions
Ti Grade 24 is listed in 6 conditions; see the grade overview at Ti Grade 24.
Compare all 6 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Recrystallization Annealed | Choose when damage tolerance / fracture toughness matters more than peak strength. | 855 | 925 | 13 | 34 HRC | 1 % IACS |
AnnealedDefault mill annealed (704–790 °C, air cool) | Standard stocked condition for plate, sheet, bar and tube; best balance of strength, ductility and weldability. | 880 | 950 | 14 | 36 HRC | — |
Stress relieved | Applied to formed sheet, machined parts and weldments to remove residual stress without changing strength much. | 890 | 960 | 13 | 36 HRC | 1 % IACS |
Duplex AnnealedThis page 925 °C air cool + 705 °C/2 h | Sheet/plate condition giving more uniform microstructure and slightly higher strength than mill anneal. | 895 | 965 | 13 | 36 HRC | 1 % IACS |
Cold Worked & Stress Relieved | Wire and fastener stock supplied cold drawn then stress relieved for higher strength and straightness. | 980 | 1,050 | 10 | 38 HRC | 1 % IACS |
Solution treated and aged | Highest strength condition for bar/forgings up to ~25 mm section; toughness and weldability drop. | 1,035 | 1,105 | 10 | 40 HRC | — |
What is Ti Grade 24 Duplex Annealed?
Ti Grade 24 Duplex Annealed is Ti Grade 24 heat treated to Duplex Annealed — sheet/plate condition giving more uniform microstructure and slightly higher strength than mill anneal. Ti Grade 24 Duplex Annealed has a yield strength of 895 MPa (130 ksi) and a tensile strength of 965 MPa (140 ksi) — stronger than 80% of titanium grades. Elongation at break is 13% and the elastic modulus is 114 GPa (16.5 Msi). Ti Grade 24 Duplex Annealed has a density of 4.43 g/cm³ (0.16 lb/in³), lighter than 89% of titanium grades. It melts at 1,604°C (2,919 °F). Annealed is the default condition FabDigit quotes; Duplex Annealed is available on request or by drawing note.
Advantages
- High strength — 895 MPa (130 ksi), better than 80% of titanium grades
- High service temperature — 400°C (752 °F), better than 78% of titanium grades
Limitations
- Poor heat conductor — 6.7 W/m·K (3.87 BTU/hr·ft·°F), worse than 92% of titanium grades
- Low electrical conductivity — 1 % IACS, worse than 89% of titanium grades
- Limited formability — 24/100, worse than 77% of titanium grades
Ti Grade 24 Duplex Annealed properties
Typical room-temperature values for Ti Grade 24 Duplex Annealed; 22 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are Ti Grade 24 reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among titanium grades.
Physical3
Ti Grade 24 Duplex Annealed has a density of 4.43 g/cm³ (0.16 lb/in³), lighter than 89% of titanium grades. It melts at 1,604°C (2,919 °F).
Mechanical16
Ti Grade 24 Duplex Annealed has a yield strength of 895 MPa (130 ksi) and a tensile strength of 965 MPa (140 ksi) — stronger than 80% of titanium grades. Elongation at break is 13% and the elastic modulus is 114 GPa (16.5 Msi).
Thermal6
Ti Grade 24 Duplex Annealed is rated for continuous service to 400°C (752 °F). It conducts heat at 6.7 W/m·K (3.87 BTU/hr·ft·°F), worse than 92% of titanium grades. Thermal expansion is 8.7 µm/m·K (4.83 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
Ti Grade 24 Duplex Annealed conducts electricity at 1 % IACS, worse than 89% of titanium grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is excellent (93/100), better than 72% of titanium grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of Ti Grade 24 Duplex Annealed takes about 700 MJ of energy and emits 45 kg of CO₂ — more than 74% of titanium grades. Typical recycled content is 25%.
Manufacturability8
Ti Grade 24 Duplex Annealed's machinability is poor (20/100, worse than 68% of titanium grades); weldability very good (70/100); formability poor (24/100).
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with Ti Grade 24 Duplex Annealed
Is Ti Grade 24 easy to machine?
Machine like Ti-6Al-4V: rigid setup, low surface speed (25–50 m/min carbide), heavy positive-rake sharp tools, generous high-pressure flood coolant, never dwell in cut.
Can Ti Grade 24 be welded?
GTAW/plasma/EBW with full argon shielding and trailing/back purge; use matching Gr.24 or Gr.5 filler, keep interstitial pickup low, stress relieve 540–650 °C after welding.
Can Ti Grade 24 be formed, bent or molded?
Cold formability is limited (bend radii ≥4–5t); hot form or size at 700–900 °C, then descale and pickle to remove alpha case.
What surface finishes work on Ti Grade 24?
Pickle in HNO₃/HF after hot work; color or hard anodize per AMS 2488, or shot-peen/glass-bead for fatigue-critical parts — avoid iron contamination on the surface.
Ti Grade 24 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| Al | 5.5 – 6.75 | 6.2 |
| V | 3.5 – 4.5 | 4 |
| Pdcorrosion-enhancing addition that defines Grade 24 | 0.04 – 0.08 | 0.05 |
| Fe | ≤ 0.4 | 0.2 |
| Ostandard interstitial level | ≤ 0.2 | 0.16 |
| C | ≤ 0.08 | 0.02 |
| N | ≤ 0.05 | 0.01 |
| H0.0125% max for bar/billet per B348 | ≤ 0.02 | 0.01 |
| Residuals eachtotal residuals 0.40 max | ≤ 0.1 | — |
| Ti | balance | — |
Ti Grade 24 Duplex Annealed — frequently asked
What is Ti Grade 24 Duplex Annealed used for?
Ti Grade 24 Duplex Annealed is typically used for chemical processing equipment, marine hardware and offshore fasteners. In short: crevice-resistant Ti-6Al-4V; palladium-modified Grade 5; grade 5 strength, better corrosion.
What is the yield strength of Ti Grade 24 Duplex Annealed?
Ti Grade 24 Duplex Annealed has a typical yield strength of 895 MPa (130 ksi) and a tensile strength of 965 MPa (140 ksi) — stronger than 80% of titanium grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 6 listed tempers.
Is Ti Grade 24 Duplex Annealed easy to machine?
Not especially — machinability is rated poor (20/100, worse than 68% of titanium grades). Machine like Ti-6Al-4V: rigid setup, low surface speed (25–50 m/min carbide), heavy positive-rake sharp tools, generous high-pressure flood coolant, never dwell in cut.
Can Ti Grade 24 Duplex Annealed be welded?
Yes — weldability is rated very good (70/100). GTAW/plasma/EBW with full argon shielding and trailing/back purge; use matching Gr.24 or Gr.5 filler, keep interstitial pickup low, stress relieve 540–650 °C after welding.
What surface finishes work on Ti Grade 24 Duplex Annealed?
Pickle in HNO₃/HF after hot work; color or hard anodize per AMS 2488, or shot-peen/glass-bead for fatigue-critical parts — avoid iron contamination on the surface.
Can Ti Grade 24 Duplex Annealed be formed, bent or molded?
Cold formability is limited (bend radii ≥4–5t); hot form or size at 700–900 °C, then descale and pickle to remove alpha case.
What is the maximum service temperature of Ti Grade 24 Duplex Annealed?
Ti Grade 24 Duplex Annealed is rated for continuous use to about 400°C (752 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between Ti Grade 24 Annealed and Ti Grade 24-STA?
Annealed is the default condition — standard stocked condition for plate, sheet, bar and tube; best balance of strength, ductility and weldability. STA: highest strength condition for bar/forgings up to ~25 mm section; toughness and weldability drop. Yield strength is 880 MPa in Annealed versus 1,035 MPa in STA.
Sources
- ASTM B265 — Titanium and Titanium Alloy Strip, Sheet and Plate — ASTM International (2020)
- ASTM B348 — Titanium and Titanium Alloy Bars and Billets — ASTM International (2021)
- ASTM B381 — Titanium and Titanium Alloy Forgings — ASTM International (2019)
- ASM Handbook Vol.2 — Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- ASM Handbook Vol.13B — Corrosion: Materials (Titanium) — ASM International (2005)
- MMPDS-17 Ti-6Al-4V allowables — Battelle/FAA (2022)
- TIMET / ATI Ti-6Al-4V and Pd-modified alloy datasheets — TIMET, ATI (2021)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.