Steel Ingot Iron Normalized
Heat-treated state
ASTM A867 · GB DT4 · also ARMCO Ingot Iron
Uniform fine-grained structure for heavier sections where a full magnetic anneal is not required.
Values for the Normalized condition
Other Ingot Iron tempers and conditions
Ingot Iron is listed in 6 conditions; see the grade overview at Ingot Iron.
Compare all 6 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
850–950 °C, controlled slow cool | Choose for finished electromagnet cores and relay parts needing lowest coercivity and highest permeability after machining. | 130 | 260 | 48 | 65 HB | 17.6 % IACS |
AnnealedDefault full anneal ~850–900 °C, slow cool | Standard stocked condition for magnetic cores, poles and deep-drawn parts; softest mechanically with good permeability. | 150 | 275 | 45 | 70 HB | 78 W/m·K |
NormalizedThis page ~900 °C, air cool | Uniform fine-grained structure for heavier sections where a full magnetic anneal is not required. | 170 | 295 | 40 | 80 HB | 17.3 % IACS |
as-rolled plate, bar and coil | Lowest-cost mill condition for weldments and parts that will be annealed after fabrication. | 185 | 310 | 35 | 85 HB | 17.2 % IACS |
Cold Drawn / cold rolled ~1/4–1/2 hard | Pick for straight, close-tolerance bar and shafts where higher strength and better surface finish matter more than magnetic quality. | 320 | 380 | 15 | 110 HB | 74 W/m·K |
heavily cold rolled strip/wire | Only for stiff springy strip, wire and shims; magnetic softness is lost and ductility is minimal. | 410 | 460 | 6 | 135 HB | 16.8 % IACS |
What is Ingot Iron Normalized?
Ingot Iron Normalized is Ingot Iron heat treated to Normalized — uniform fine-grained structure for heavier sections where a full magnetic anneal is not required. Ingot Iron Normalized has a yield strength of 170 MPa (24.7 ksi) and a tensile strength of 295 MPa (42.8 ksi) — weaker than 99% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 40% and the elastic modulus is 205 GPa (29.7 Msi). Ingot Iron Normalized has a density of 7.87 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³), heavier than 92% of steel grades. It melts at 1,535°C (2,795 °F). Annealed is the default condition FabDigit quotes; Normalized is available on request or by drawing note.
Advantages
- Conducts heat well — 77 W/m·K (44.5 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 100% of steel grades
- High electrical conductivity — 17.3 % IACS, better than 100% of steel grades
- Ductile — tolerates forming and impact — 40%, better than 99% of steel grades
- Forms and bends easily — 90/100, better than 98% of steel grades
- Readily welded — 95/100, better than 97% of steel grades
Limitations
- Low strength — 170 MPa (24.7 ksi), worse than 99% of steel grades
Ingot Iron Normalized properties
Typical room-temperature values for Ingot Iron Normalized; 22 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are Ingot Iron reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among steel grades.
Physical3
Ingot Iron Normalized has a density of 7.87 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³), heavier than 92% of steel grades. It melts at 1,535°C (2,795 °F).
Mechanical16
Ingot Iron Normalized has a yield strength of 170 MPa (24.7 ksi) and a tensile strength of 295 MPa (42.8 ksi) — weaker than 99% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 40% and the elastic modulus is 205 GPa (29.7 Msi).
Thermal6
Ingot Iron Normalized is rated for continuous service to 450°C (842 °F). It conducts heat at 77 W/m·K (44.5 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 100% of steel grades. Thermal expansion is 12 µm/m·K (6.67 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
Ingot Iron Normalized conducts electricity at 17.3 % IACS, better than 100% of steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is not recommended (10/100), worse than 86% of steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of Ingot Iron Normalized takes about 28 MJ of energy and emits 2.1 kg of CO₂ — less than 56% of steel grades. Typical recycled content is 15%.
Manufacturability8
Ingot Iron Normalized's machinability is fair (48/100, worse than 57% of steel grades); weldability excellent (95/100); formability excellent (90/100).
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with Ingot Iron Normalized
Is Ingot Iron easy to machine?
Very gummy — use sharp positive-rake tools, high speed, generous coolant and light finishing passes to avoid built-up edge and tearing; chip breaking is poor.
Can Ingot Iron be welded?
Excellent by any process (GTAW, GMAW, resistance, EB); no preheat or PWHT needed for hardness, but re-anneal welded magnetic cores to restore permeability.
Can Ingot Iron be formed, bent or molded?
Outstanding cold formability — deep drawing, spinning, cold heading and severe bending all practical; expect low springback and stick-slip galling, so lubricate well.
What surface finishes work on Ingot Iron?
Rusts quickly bare: zinc/nickel plate, phosphate + oil, or paint; polishes to a bright but soft, easily scratched surface; not anodizable.
Ingot Iron chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| C≤0.010 % typical for hydrogen-annealed magnetic grades | ≤ 0.03 | 0.01 |
| SiARMCO-type ingot iron typically <0.01 % | ≤ 0.3 | 0.02 |
| Mn | ≤ 0.4 | 0.05 |
| P | ≤ 0.02 | 0.01 |
| S | ≤ 0.03 | 0.01 |
| Alresidual from deoxidation | ≤ 0.1 | 0.02 |
| Fe≥99.8 %, commonly 99.85–99.95 % | balance | — |
Ingot Iron Normalized — frequently asked
What is Ingot Iron Normalized used for?
Ingot Iron Normalized is typically used for magnetic pole pieces and cores, electromagnet cores, chemical/corrosion test coupons, enameling stock and welding electrode cores. In short: magnetically softest iron stock; best cold formability; lowest-carbon iron grade.
What is the yield strength of Ingot Iron Normalized?
Ingot Iron Normalized has a typical yield strength of 170 MPa (24.7 ksi) and a tensile strength of 295 MPa (42.8 ksi) — weaker than 99% of steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 6 listed tempers.
Is Ingot Iron Normalized easy to machine?
Reasonably — machinability is rated fair (48/100, worse than 57% of steel grades). Very gummy — use sharp positive-rake tools, high speed, generous coolant and light finishing passes to avoid built-up edge and tearing; chip breaking is poor.
Can Ingot Iron Normalized be welded?
Yes — weldability is rated excellent (95/100). Excellent by any process (GTAW, GMAW, resistance, EB); no preheat or PWHT needed for hardness, but re-anneal welded magnetic cores to restore permeability.
What surface finishes work on Ingot Iron Normalized?
Rusts quickly bare: zinc/nickel plate, phosphate + oil, or paint; polishes to a bright but soft, easily scratched surface; not anodizable.
Can Ingot Iron Normalized be formed, bent or molded?
Outstanding cold formability — deep drawing, spinning, cold heading and severe bending all practical; expect low springback and stick-slip galling, so lubricate well.
What is the maximum service temperature of Ingot Iron Normalized?
Ingot Iron Normalized is rated for continuous use to about 450°C (842 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
Sources
- GB/T 6983 — SAC (2008)
- ASTM A848 Standard Specification for Low-Carbon Magnetic Iron — ASTM (2016)
- ASM Handbook Vol.1 — Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels, and High-Performance Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- ASM Handbook Vol.13A — Corrosion: Fundamentals, Testing, and Protection — ASM International (2003)
- ASM Metals Reference Book, 3rd ed. — ASM International (1993)
- Commercially pure / magnetic iron bar and strip datasheets — AK Steel / Ed Fagan / · (2022)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.