Stainless Steel Alloy 465
UNS S46500 · AISI/SAE XM-16 · also Custom 465
Alloy 465 (UNS S46500, Custom 465, XM-16) is a cobalt-free martensitic precipitation-hardening stainless steel aged through H900 to H1100 tempers from the solution-treated A condition.
Reference datasheet — Alloy 465 is not in the instant-quote catalog. Upload your part and an engineer will quote it in this grade or suggest the closest stocked equivalent.
Values for the H1000 condition
Alloy 465 tempers and conditions
Alloy 465 is supplied in 7 conditions, soft to hard. H1000 is the default FabDigit quotes; the values on this page are for it.
Compare all 7 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Solution annealed | Softest supply condition for machining, deep drawing or cold heading before precipitation aging. | 760 | 1,000 | 18 | 32 HRC | — |
Aged 593 °C (1100 °F) for 4 h | Maximum-toughness / maximum-SCC-resistance condition; choose when damage tolerance dominates over strength. | 1,210 | 1,300 | 17 | 39 HRC | — |
Aged 4 h at 566 °C, air cool | Overaged condition for parts needing high toughness/ductility at ~210 ksi tensile. | 1,380 | 1,450 | 16 | 42 HRC | — |
Aged 552 °C (1025 °F) for 4 h | Slightly overaged for higher toughness and better SCC resistance while keeping ~225 ksi tensile. | 1,480 | 1,550 | 15 | 44 HRC | — |
H1000Default Aged 4 h at 538 °C, air cool | Best all-round strength/toughness balance and the condition covered by AMS 5936 — the default stocked bar condition. | 1,586 | 1,655 | 14 | 46 HRC | — |
Aged 4 h at 510 °C, air cool | Near-peak strength with noticeably better K_IC than H900 — common for aerospace fasteners and shafts. | 1,655 | 1,725 | 13 | 48 HRC | — |
Aged 482 °C (900 °F) for 1 h, peak hardness | Peak-strength condition (~260 ksi) for fasteners and springs where maximum strength outweighs toughness. | 1,690 | 1,795 | 12 | 50 HRC | — |
What is Alloy 465?
Alloy 465 (UNS S46500, Custom 465, XM-16) is a cobalt-free martensitic precipitation-hardening stainless steel aged through H900 to H1100 tempers from the solution-treated A condition. Engineers choose it where 17-4 PH and 15-5 PH run out of strength: the default aged condition gives 1586 MPa yield, 1655 MPa tensile, 14 % elongation and 46 HRC (435 HB), and it is supplied as bar, wire and forgings. Corrosion resistance (score 55) is typical of martensitic PH grades, service is limited to about 400 °C, and machinability (28) and formability (12) are low. 15-5 PH is the cheaper alternative when the strength is not required. Alloy 465 has a density of 7.78 g/cm³ (0.281 lb/in³), lighter than 57% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,400°C (2,552 °F). Alloy 465 has a yield strength of 1,586 MPa (230 ksi) and a tensile strength of 1,655 MPa (240 ksi) — stronger than 100% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 14% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi).
What is Alloy 465 used for?
- Aerospace landing gear components
- High-strength structural fasteners
- Actuator shafts
- Critical rotating parts
Advantages
- High strength — 1,586 MPa (230 ksi), better than 100% of stainless steel grades
- Polishes to a fine finish — 85/100, better than 97% of stainless steel grades
Limitations
- Limited formability — 12/100, worse than 93% of stainless steel grades
- High embodied carbon — 6.5 kg CO₂/kg, worse than 93% of stainless steel grades
- Limited ductility — 14%, worse than 91% of stainless steel grades
- Limited service temperature — 400°C (752 °F), worse than 78% of stainless steel grades
Alloy 465 properties
Typical room-temperature values for Alloy 465-H1000; bars are the position among stainless steel grades.
Physical3
Alloy 465 has a density of 7.78 g/cm³ (0.281 lb/in³), lighter than 57% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,400°C (2,552 °F).
Mechanical16
Alloy 465 has a yield strength of 1,586 MPa (230 ksi) and a tensile strength of 1,655 MPa (240 ksi) — stronger than 100% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 14% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi).
Thermal6
Alloy 465 is rated for continuous service to 400°C (752 °F). It conducts heat at 16 W/m·K (9.24 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 58% of stainless steel grades. Thermal expansion is 10.4 µm/m·K (5.78 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
Alloy 465 conducts electricity at 2.2 % IACS, worse than 61% of stainless steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is good (55/100), worse than 71% of stainless steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of Alloy 465 takes about 80 MJ of energy and emits 6.5 kg of CO₂ — more than 89% of stainless steel grades. Typical recycled content is 25%.
Manufacturability8
Alloy 465's machinability is poor (28/100, worse than 79% of stainless steel grades); weldability good (60/100); formability not recommended (12/100).
Common Calculations5
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Certified mill or lot data ships with every FabDigit order on request.
Strength versus weight in the stainless steel family
Yield strength against density for every stainless steel grade FabDigit runs. Alloy 465 is highlighted; hover a dot for its name, or open the interactive family chart.
Working with Alloy 465
Is Alloy 465 easy to machine?
Machine in the solution-treated (A) condition where possible; aged 45–50 HRC material needs rigid setups, positive-rake carbide or CBN, heavy coolant and low-to-moderate speed, and allowance for ~0.05 % growth on aging.
Can Alloy 465 be welded?
GTAW/EBW/laser weld readily with autogenous or matching filler; solution treat and re-age after welding to restore full properties, preheat is not required.
Can Alloy 465 be formed, bent or molded?
Cold form, head or draw only in the annealed condition (work-hardens quickly); hot work 1065–1150 °C then solution treat before aging — aged material is essentially non-formable.
Alloy 465 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| Clow carbon, VIM-VAR melt | ≤ 0.02 | 0.01 |
| Mn | ≤ 0.25 | 0.1 |
| Si | ≤ 0.25 | 0.1 |
| P | ≤ 0.02 | 0.01 |
| S | ≤ 0.01 | 0 |
| Crcorrosion resistance | 11 – 12.5 | 11.75 |
| Niforms Ni3Ti strengthening phase | 10.75 – 11.25 | 11 |
| Mo | 0.75 – 1.25 | 1 |
| Tiprimary age-hardening element | 1.5 – 1.8 | 1.65 |
| Curesidual | ≤ 0.5 | |
| Fe | balance |
What surface finishes work on Alloy 465?
Passivate per AMS 2700 (nitric or citric); takes a fine mirror polish for surgical use. Avoid acid pickling / unbaked electroplating on high-strength tempers — bake at 190 °C for hydrogen relief.
Surface treatments FabDigit runs on stainless steel parts — pick them in the quote configurator or call them out on the drawing. Each links to its datasheet in the surface-finish library (thickness, specs, call-out, material verdicts).
Passivation
Organic Coating
Thermal Spray
Equivalent designations
Standards and trade names that resolve to Stainless Steel Alloy 465 in FabDigit's catalog. Equivalence is nominal — check the exact specification when certification matters.
- UNS
- S46500
- AISI / SAE
- XM-16
- Trade names
- Custom 465
- Also called
- Custom465
How much does Alloy 465 cost?
Alloy 465 is a high-cost stainless steel ($$$$), pricier than about 78% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
Alloy 465 — frequently asked
What is Alloy 465 used for?
Alloy 465 is typically used for aerospace landing gear components, high-strength structural fasteners, actuator shafts and critical rotating parts. In short: cobalt-free 17-4 PH upgrade; 46 HRC after aging; high strength-to-toughness ratio.
What is the yield strength of Alloy 465?
Alloy 465 has a typical yield strength of 1,586 MPa (230 ksi) and a tensile strength of 1,655 MPa (240 ksi) — stronger than 100% of stainless steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 7 listed tempers.
Is Alloy 465 easy to machine?
Not especially — machinability is rated poor (28/100, worse than 79% of stainless steel grades). Machine in the solution-treated (A) condition where possible; aged 45–50 HRC material needs rigid setups, positive-rake carbide or CBN, heavy coolant and low-to-moderate speed, and allowance for ~0.05 % growth on aging.
Can Alloy 465 be welded?
Yes — weldability is rated good (60/100). GTAW/EBW/laser weld readily with autogenous or matching filler; solution treat and re-age after welding to restore full properties, preheat is not required.
What surface finishes work on Alloy 465?
Passivate per AMS 2700 (nitric or citric); takes a fine mirror polish for surgical use. Avoid acid pickling / unbaked electroplating on high-strength tempers — bake at 190 °C for hydrogen relief.
Can Alloy 465 be formed, bent or molded?
Cold form, head or draw only in the annealed condition (work-hardens quickly); hot work 1065–1150 °C then solution treat before aging — aged material is essentially non-formable.
What is the maximum service temperature of Alloy 465?
Alloy 465 is rated for continuous use to about 400°C (752 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between Alloy 465-H1000 and Alloy 465-A?
H1000 is the default condition — best all-round strength/toughness balance and the condition covered by AMS 5936 — the default stocked bar condition. A: softest supply condition for machining, deep drawing or cold heading before precipitation aging. Yield strength is 1,586 MPa in H1000 versus 760 MPa in A.
How much does Alloy 465 cost?
Alloy 465 is a high-cost stainless steel ($$$$), pricier than about 78% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
Sources
- Custom 465 Stainless (UNS S46500) alloy datasheet — Carpenter Technology (2020)
- AMS 5936 — Steel, Corrosion-Resistant, Bars and Forgings, 12Cr-11Ni-1.7Ti, Precipitation Hardenable — SAE International (2018)
- ASTM A564/A564M — Hot-Rolled and Cold-Finished Age-Hardening Stainless Steel Bars and Shapes — ASTM International (2019)
- ASM Handbook Vol. 1 — Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels, and High-Performance Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- ASM Handbook Vol. 13B — Corrosion: Materials — ASM International (2005)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison; hardness values on non-Brinell scales are converted approximately for charting only. Manufacturability limits are FabDigit quote-engine defaults and may be relaxed by engineering review. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.