Stainless Steel 1.4594
EN 1.4594
EN chemical designation for a Cr-Ni-Mo-Cu-Nb martensitic precipitation-hardening stainless in the Custom 450 family, offering better corrosion resistance and toughness than 17-4PH at comparable strength.
Reference datasheet — 1.4594 is not in the instant-quote catalog. Upload your part and an engineer will quote it in this grade or suggest the closest stocked equivalent.
Values for the +AT condition
1.4594 tempers and conditions
1.4594 is supplied in 7 conditions, soft to hard. +AT is the default FabDigit quotes; the values on this page are for it.
Compare all 7 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Precipitation hardened, Rm ≥ 930 MPa | Lowest-strength / highest-toughness aged condition — choose for shafts and fittings needing good impact and SCC resistance. | 760 | 970 | 18 | 28 HRC | — |
+ATDefault Solution annealed | Mill delivery and stocking condition: machine or cold-form here, then age to the required strength level. | 795 | 965 | 14 | 27 HRC | — |
Precipitation hardened, Rm ≥ 1000 MPa | Balanced strength/toughness aged condition for valve stems, pump shafts and structural fasteners. | 880 | 1,030 | 16 | 32 HRC | — |
Solution annealed + cold drawn bar/wire | Cold-drawn precision bar and wire supplied in the annealed-then-drawn state for close tolerance and higher as-supplied strength before aging. | 900 | 1,050 | 10 | 31 HRC | 2.2 % IACS |
Precipitation hardened, Rm ≥ 1070 MPa | Highest standard EN strength level — for highly loaded shafts, springs and aerospace/oil-field components where some toughness is traded for strength. | 1,010 | 1,100 | 15 | 34 HRC | — |
Aged 538 °C / 4 h | US-spec aging step above the EN levels; use where ~1200 MPa strength with moderate ductility is specified. | 1,140 | 1,210 | 14 | 37 HRC | — |
Aged 482 °C (900 °F) for 1 h, peak hardness | Peak-hardness condition for maximum strength and wear resistance; lowest toughness and SCC margin of the aged states. | 1,240 | 1,310 | 13 | 41 HRC | — |
What is 1.4594?
EN chemical designation for a Cr-Ni-Mo-Cu-Nb martensitic precipitation-hardening stainless in the Custom 450 family, offering better corrosion resistance and toughness than 17-4PH at comparable strength. 1.4594 has a density of 7.75 g/cm³ (0.28 lb/in³), lighter than 65% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,400°C (2,552 °F). 1.4594 has a yield strength of 795 MPa (115 ksi) and a tensile strength of 965 MPa (140 ksi) — stronger than 96% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 14% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi).
What is 1.4594 used for?
- shafts
- valve stems
- paper machinery rolls
- marine hardware
Advantages
- High strength — 795 MPa (115 ksi), better than 96% of stainless steel grades
- Polishes to a fine finish — 80/100, better than 89% of stainless steel grades
- Easy to machine — 45/100, better than 84% of stainless steel grades
Limitations
- Limited ductility — 14%, worse than 91% of stainless steel grades
- Limited service temperature — 350°C (662 °F), worse than 84% of stainless steel grades
1.4594 properties
Typical room-temperature values for 1.4594-+AT; bars are the position among stainless steel grades.
Physical3
1.4594 has a density of 7.75 g/cm³ (0.28 lb/in³), lighter than 65% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,400°C (2,552 °F).
Mechanical16
1.4594 has a yield strength of 795 MPa (115 ksi) and a tensile strength of 965 MPa (140 ksi) — stronger than 96% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 14% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi).
Thermal6
1.4594 is rated for continuous service to 350°C (662 °F). It conducts heat at 17 W/m·K (9.82 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 71% of stainless steel grades. Thermal expansion is 10.6 µm/m·K (5.89 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
1.4594 conducts electricity at 2.2 % IACS, worse than 61% of stainless steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is good (62/100), worse than 52% of stainless steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of 1.4594 takes about 55 MJ of energy and emits 4 kg of CO₂ — more than 50% of stainless steel grades. Typical recycled content is 55%.
Manufacturability6
1.4594's machinability is fair (45/100, better than 84% of stainless steel grades); weldability very good (70/100); formability fair (45/100).
Common Calculations5
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Certified mill or lot data ships with every FabDigit order on request.
Strength versus weight in the stainless steel family
Yield strength against density for every stainless steel grade FabDigit runs. 1.4594 is highlighted; hover a dot for its name, or open the interactive family chart.
Working with 1.4594
Is 1.4594 easy to machine?
Machine in +AT (≈27 HRC): rigid setups, sharp positive-rake carbide, 60–100 m/min, heavy feed to cut under the work-hardened skin; aged parts above 34 HRC need reduced speeds or ceramic/CBN finishing.
Can 1.4594 be welded?
Good GTAW/GMAW/EB weldability with matching or AWS ER630 filler, no preheat needed; re-solution-anneal + age for full joint strength, or age-only for partial recovery.
Can 1.4594 be formed, bent or molded?
Cold form and bend only in the solution-annealed condition with generous radii; hot work 1150–950 °C then solution anneal ~1040 °C and quench.
1.4594 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| Clow carbon for toughness | ≤ 0.05 | 0.03 |
| Si | ≤ 1 | 0.4 |
| Mn | ≤ 1 | 0.5 |
| P | ≤ 0.04 | |
| S | ≤ 0.03 | |
| Cr | 14 – 16 | 15 |
| Ni | 5 – 7 | 6 |
| Moimproves pitting resistance vs 17-4PH | 0.5 – 1 | 0.75 |
| Cuepsilon-Cu precipitation hardener | 1.25 – 1.75 | 1.5 |
| Nb8 × C minimum (Nb+Ta) | 0.24 – 0.6 | 0.35 |
| Fe | balance |
What surface finishes work on 1.4594?
Takes a fine mirror polish and passivates readily per ASTM A967 (nitric or citric); no anodizing — chrome/nickel plating requires low-hydrogen practice plus 190 °C bake for aged high-strength conditions.
Surface treatments FabDigit runs on stainless steel parts — pick them in the quote configurator or call them out on the drawing. Each links to its datasheet in the surface-finish library (thickness, specs, call-out, material verdicts).
Passivation
Organic Coating
Thermal Spray
Equivalent designations
Standards and trade names that resolve to Stainless Steel 1.4594 in FabDigit's catalog. Equivalence is nominal — check the exact specification when certification matters.
- EN / DIN / Werkstoff-Nr.
- X5CrNiMoCuNb14-5
- Similar grades
- S45000
How much does 1.4594 cost?
1.4594 is a high-cost stainless steel ($$$$), pricier than about 78% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
1.4594 — frequently asked
What is 1.4594 used for?
1.4594 is typically used for shafts, valve stems, paper machinery rolls and marine hardware. In short: tougher than 17-4PH; better corrosion PH stainless; custom 450 chemistry.
What is the yield strength of 1.4594?
1.4594 has a typical yield strength of 795 MPa (115 ksi) and a tensile strength of 965 MPa (140 ksi) — stronger than 96% of stainless steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 7 listed tempers.
Is 1.4594 easy to machine?
Reasonably — machinability is rated fair (45/100, better than 84% of stainless steel grades). Machine in +AT (≈27 HRC): rigid setups, sharp positive-rake carbide, 60–100 m/min, heavy feed to cut under the work-hardened skin; aged parts above 34 HRC need reduced speeds or ceramic/CBN finishing.
Can 1.4594 be welded?
Yes — weldability is rated very good (70/100). Good GTAW/GMAW/EB weldability with matching or AWS ER630 filler, no preheat needed; re-solution-anneal + age for full joint strength, or age-only for partial recovery.
What surface finishes work on 1.4594?
Takes a fine mirror polish and passivates readily per ASTM A967 (nitric or citric); no anodizing — chrome/nickel plating requires low-hydrogen practice plus 190 °C bake for aged high-strength conditions.
Can 1.4594 be formed, bent or molded?
Cold form and bend only in the solution-annealed condition with generous radii; hot work 1150–950 °C then solution anneal ~1040 °C and quench.
What is the maximum service temperature of 1.4594?
1.4594 is rated for continuous use to about 350°C (662 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between 1.4594 +AT and 1.4594-H900?
+AT is the default condition — mill delivery and stocking condition: machine or cold-form here, then age to the required strength level. H900: peak-hardness condition for maximum strength and wear resistance; lowest toughness and SCC margin of the aged states. Yield strength is 795 MPa in +AT versus 1,240 MPa in H900.
How much does 1.4594 cost?
1.4594 is a high-cost stainless steel ($$$$), pricier than about 78% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
Sources
- EN 10088-3 Stainless steels – Part 3: semi-finished products, bars, rods, sections — CEN (2014)
- ASTM A564/A564M – Hot-Rolled and Cold-Finished Age-Hardening Stainless Bars (Type XM-25) — ASTM International (2019)
- Custom 450 Stainless (UNS S45000) alloy datasheet — Carpenter Technology (2020)
- ASM Handbook Vol.1 – Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels, and High-Performance Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- ASM Handbook Vol.19 – Fatigue and Fracture — ASM International (1996)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison; hardness values on non-Brinell scales are converted approximately for charting only. Manufacturability limits are FabDigit quote-engine defaults and may be relaxed by engineering review. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.