Stainless Steel 1.4652
EN 1.4652 · UNS S32654 · also 654 SMO
1.4652 (X1CrNiMoCuN24-22-8, S32654, 654 SMO) is one of the most highly alloyed commercial superaustenitic stainless steels, with very high molybdenum and nitrogen content for outstanding pitting and crevice corrosion resistance in hot chloride and seawater (corrosion score 93).
Reference datasheet — 1.4652 is not in the instant-quote catalog. Upload your part and an engineer will quote it in this grade or suggest the closest stocked equivalent.
Values for the Annealed condition
1.4652 tempers and conditions
1.4652 is supplied in 3 conditions, soft to hard. Annealed is the default FabDigit quotes; the values on this page are for it.
Compare all 3 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AnnealedDefault solution annealed and quenched (1150–1200 °C, rapid quench) | Standard supply condition for all product forms; maximum corrosion resistance with all Mo/N in solution. | 480 | 800 | 50 | 210 HB | 2.2 % IACS |
Cold drawn | Choose for tighter tolerance and higher strength fasteners/shafts where full annealed ductility is not required. | 700 | 950 | 25 | 30 HRC | 2.2 % IACS |
Cold worked strip, approx. 1/4 hard | Strain-hardened strip/spring stock when higher yield strength is needed; corrosion resistance is retained but formability drops sharply. | 750 | 1,000 | 20 | 33 HRC | — |
Supply forms, finishes and certifications
Ways 1.4652 is supplied — form, process route, surface or paperwork — without a datasheet of their own. The property values above apply.
| Option | What it is | Type |
|---|---|---|
1D-Plate | 1D | Supply form |
2B-Sheet | 2B | Supply form |
Bar-SA | Hot finished / forged bar, solution annealed | Supply form |
TUBE-SA | Solution annealed tube | Supply form |
What is 1.4652?
1.4652 (X1CrNiMoCuN24-22-8, S32654, 654 SMO) is one of the most highly alloyed commercial superaustenitic stainless steels, with very high molybdenum and nitrogen content for outstanding pitting and crevice corrosion resistance in hot chloride and seawater (corrosion score 93). Annealed material gives about 480 MPa yield, 800 MPa tensile, 50 % elongation and 210 HB, available as plate, 2B sheet, solution-annealed tube and bar, cold-drawn and quarter-hard cold-worked product. It is the costliest and hardest to machine of the family (machinability 16, formability 55); 6Mo grades or 904L (1.4539) are the normal fallback for less severe chloride duty. 1.4652 has a density of 8 g/cm³ (0.289 lb/in³), heavier than 92% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,320°C (2,408 °F). 1.4652 has a yield strength of 480 MPa (69.6 ksi) and a tensile strength of 800 MPa (116 ksi) — stronger than 75% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 50% and the elastic modulus is 195 GPa (28.3 Msi).
What is 1.4652 used for?
- seawater cooling systems
- flue gas desulfurization
- offshore and marine equipment
- high-chloride chemical processing
Advantages
- Tough — resists crack growth — 230 MPa·√m (209.3 ksi·√in), better than 100% of stainless steel grades
- Good corrosion resistance — 93/100, better than 100% of stainless steel grades
- Ductile — tolerates forming and impact — 50%, better than 90% of stainless steel grades
- High strength — 480 MPa (69.6 ksi), better than 75% of stainless steel grades
Limitations
- Poor heat conductor — 8.5 W/m·K (4.91 BTU/hr·ft·°F), worse than 100% of stainless steel grades
- Difficult to machine — 16/100, worse than 99% of stainless steel grades
- High embodied carbon — 5.8 kg CO₂/kg, worse than 86% of stainless steel grades
- Limited service temperature — 400°C (752 °F), worse than 78% of stainless steel grades
1.4652 properties
Typical room-temperature values for 1.4652-Annealed; bars are the position among stainless steel grades.
Physical3
1.4652 has a density of 8 g/cm³ (0.289 lb/in³), heavier than 92% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,320°C (2,408 °F).
Mechanical16
1.4652 has a yield strength of 480 MPa (69.6 ksi) and a tensile strength of 800 MPa (116 ksi) — stronger than 75% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 50% and the elastic modulus is 195 GPa (28.3 Msi).
Thermal6
1.4652 is rated for continuous service to 400°C (752 °F). It conducts heat at 8.5 W/m·K (4.91 BTU/hr·ft·°F), worse than 100% of stainless steel grades. Thermal expansion is 16.5 µm/m·K (9.17 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
1.4652 conducts electricity at 2.2 % IACS, worse than 61% of stainless steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is excellent (93/100), better than 100% of stainless steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of 1.4652 takes about 85 MJ of energy and emits 5.8 kg of CO₂ — more than 92% of stainless steel grades. Typical recycled content is 45%.
Manufacturability6
1.4652's machinability is poor (16/100, worse than 99% of stainless steel grades); weldability good (65/100); formability good (55/100).
Common Calculations5
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Certified mill or lot data ships with every FabDigit order on request.
Strength versus weight in the stainless steel family
Yield strength against density for every stainless steel grade FabDigit runs. 1.4652 is highlighted; hover a dot for its name, or open the interactive family chart.
Working with 1.4652
Is 1.4652 easy to machine?
Very difficult: high work hardening and toughness — use rigid setups, positive-rake sharp carbide/PVD-coated tools, low speed with heavy positive feed, ample high-pressure emulsion, and never dwell or rub.
Can 1.4652 be welded?
Weld with over-alloyed Ni-base fillers (ERNiCrMo-3/-4/-14, e.g. Alloy 625/686-type), low heat input, interpass ≤100 °C, no preheat, full argon backing; post-weld solution annealing is optional but pickling/passivation of the weld area is essential.
Can 1.4652 be formed, bent or molded?
Cold forms readily but needs ~50 % higher press loads than 316L and springs back more; hot work at 1150–1200 °C and finish above 1000 °C, then always solution anneal and quench.
1.4652 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| Clow carbon to avoid carbide precipitation | ≤ 0.02 | 0.01 |
| Si | ≤ 0.5 | 0.3 |
| Mnraises nitrogen solubility | 2 – 4 | 3 |
| P | ≤ 0.03 | 0.02 |
| S | ≤ 0.01 | 0 |
| Cr | 24 – 25 | 24.5 |
| Niaustenite stabiliser | 21 – 23 | 22 |
| Mokey to pitting/crevice resistance | 7 – 8 | 7.3 |
| Nstrength + PREN contribution | 0.45 – 0.55 | 0.5 |
| Cuimproves resistance in reducing acids | 0.3 – 0.6 | 0.45 |
| Fe | balance |
What surface finishes work on 1.4652?
Pickle in HNO3-HF or grind/blast to remove heat tint — residual oxide scale is the main cause of premature crevice attack; mechanical polishing and electropolishing both give excellent, highly passive surfaces.
Surface treatments FabDigit runs on stainless steel parts — pick them in the quote configurator or call them out on the drawing. Each links to its datasheet in the surface-finish library (thickness, specs, call-out, material verdicts).
Passivation
Organic Coating
Thermal Spray
Equivalent designations
Standards and trade names that resolve to Stainless Steel 1.4652 in FabDigit's catalog. Equivalence is nominal — check the exact specification when certification matters.
- UNS
- S32654
- EN / DIN / Werkstoff-Nr.
- X1CrNiMoCuN24-22-8
- Trade names
- 654 SMO
How much does 1.4652 cost?
1.4652 is a high-cost stainless steel ($$$$), pricier than about 78% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
1.4652 — frequently asked
What is 1.4652 used for?
1.4652 is typically used for seawater cooling systems, flue gas desulfurization, offshore and marine equipment and high-chloride chemical processing. In short: highest chloride resistance austenitic; near nickel-alloy corrosion performance; most difficult to machine.
What is the yield strength of 1.4652?
1.4652 has a typical yield strength of 480 MPa (69.6 ksi) and a tensile strength of 800 MPa (116 ksi) — stronger than 75% of stainless steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 3 listed tempers.
Is 1.4652 easy to machine?
Not especially — machinability is rated poor (16/100, worse than 99% of stainless steel grades). Very difficult: high work hardening and toughness — use rigid setups, positive-rake sharp carbide/PVD-coated tools, low speed with heavy positive feed, ample high-pressure emulsion, and never dwell or rub.
Can 1.4652 be welded?
Yes — weldability is rated good (65/100). Weld with over-alloyed Ni-base fillers (ERNiCrMo-3/-4/-14, e.g. Alloy 625/686-type), low heat input, interpass ≤100 °C, no preheat, full argon backing; post-weld solution annealing is optional but pickling/passivation of the weld area is essential.
What surface finishes work on 1.4652?
Pickle in HNO3-HF or grind/blast to remove heat tint — residual oxide scale is the main cause of premature crevice attack; mechanical polishing and electropolishing both give excellent, highly passive surfaces.
Can 1.4652 be formed, bent or molded?
Cold forms readily but needs ~50 % higher press loads than 316L and springs back more; hot work at 1150–1200 °C and finish above 1000 °C, then always solution anneal and quench.
What is the maximum service temperature of 1.4652?
1.4652 is rated for continuous use to about 400°C (752 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between 1.4652 Annealed and 1.4652-CD?
Annealed is the default condition — standard supply condition for all product forms; maximum corrosion resistance with all Mo/N in solution. CD: choose for tighter tolerance and higher strength fasteners/shafts where full annealed ductility is not required. Yield strength is 480 MPa in Annealed versus 700 MPa in CD.
How much does 1.4652 cost?
1.4652 is a high-cost stainless steel ($$$$), pricier than about 78% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
Sources
- ASTM A240/A240M — Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet and Strip (UNS S32654) — ASTM International (2023)
- EN 10088-2 — Stainless steels: technical delivery conditions for sheet/plate and strip (X1CrNiMoCuN24-22-8, 1.4652) — CEN (2014)
- Outokumpu 654 SMO (EN 1.4652) datasheet — Outokumpu (2023)
- Sanicro / Sandvik high-alloy austenitic stainless tube data — Alleima (Sandvik Materials Technology) (2022)
- ASM Handbook Vol. 1 — Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels, and High-Performance Alloys — ASM International (1990)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison; hardness values on non-Brinell scales are converted approximately for charting only. Manufacturability limits are FabDigit quote-engine defaults and may be relaxed by engineering review. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.