Stainless Steel 1.4652 Annealed
Temper · default condition
EN 1.4652 · UNS S32654 · also 654 SMO
Standard supply condition for all product forms; maximum corrosion resistance with all Mo/N in solution.
Values for the Annealed condition
Other 1.4652 tempers and conditions
1.4652 is listed in 3 conditions; see the grade overview at 1.4652.
Compare all 3 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AnnealedDefaultThis page solution annealed and quenched (1150–1200 °C, rapid quench) | Standard supply condition for all product forms; maximum corrosion resistance with all Mo/N in solution. | 480 | 800 | 50 | 210 HB | 2.2 % IACS |
Cold drawn | Choose for tighter tolerance and higher strength fasteners/shafts where full annealed ductility is not required. | 700 | 950 | 25 | 30 HRC | 2.2 % IACS |
Cold worked strip, approx. 1/4 hard | Strain-hardened strip/spring stock when higher yield strength is needed; corrosion resistance is retained but formability drops sharply. | 750 | 1,000 | 20 | 33 HRC | — |
What is 1.4652 Annealed?
1.4652 Annealed is 1.4652 in the Annealed temper — standard supply condition for all product forms; maximum corrosion resistance with all Mo/N in solution. 1.4652 Annealed has a yield strength of 480 MPa (69.6 ksi) and a tensile strength of 800 MPa (116 ksi) — stronger than 75% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 50% and the elastic modulus is 195 GPa (28.3 Msi). 1.4652 Annealed has a density of 8 g/cm³ (0.289 lb/in³), heavier than 92% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,320°C (2,408 °F).
Advantages
- Tough — resists crack growth — 230 MPa·√m (209.3 ksi·√in), better than 100% of stainless steel grades
- Good corrosion resistance — 93/100, better than 100% of stainless steel grades
- Ductile — tolerates forming and impact — 50%, better than 90% of stainless steel grades
- High strength — 480 MPa (69.6 ksi), better than 75% of stainless steel grades
Limitations
- Poor heat conductor — 8.5 W/m·K (4.91 BTU/hr·ft·°F), worse than 100% of stainless steel grades
- Difficult to machine — 16/100, worse than 99% of stainless steel grades
- High embodied carbon — 5.8 kg CO₂/kg, worse than 86% of stainless steel grades
- Limited service temperature — 400°C (752 °F), worse than 78% of stainless steel grades
1.4652 Annealed properties
Typical room-temperature values for 1.4652 Annealed; 23 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are 1.4652 reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among stainless steel grades.
Physical3
1.4652 Annealed has a density of 8 g/cm³ (0.289 lb/in³), heavier than 92% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,320°C (2,408 °F).
Mechanical16
1.4652 Annealed has a yield strength of 480 MPa (69.6 ksi) and a tensile strength of 800 MPa (116 ksi) — stronger than 75% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 50% and the elastic modulus is 195 GPa (28.3 Msi).
Thermal6
1.4652 Annealed is rated for continuous service to 400°C (752 °F). It conducts heat at 8.5 W/m·K (4.91 BTU/hr·ft·°F), worse than 100% of stainless steel grades. Thermal expansion is 16.5 µm/m·K (9.17 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
1.4652 Annealed conducts electricity at 2.2 % IACS, worse than 61% of stainless steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is excellent (93/100), better than 100% of stainless steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of 1.4652 Annealed takes about 85 MJ of energy and emits 5.8 kg of CO₂ — more than 92% of stainless steel grades. Typical recycled content is 45%.
Manufacturability6
1.4652 Annealed's machinability is poor (16/100, worse than 99% of stainless steel grades); weldability good (65/100); formability good (55/100).
Common Calculations5
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with 1.4652 Annealed
Is 1.4652 easy to machine?
Very difficult: high work hardening and toughness — use rigid setups, positive-rake sharp carbide/PVD-coated tools, low speed with heavy positive feed, ample high-pressure emulsion, and never dwell or rub.
Can 1.4652 be welded?
Weld with over-alloyed Ni-base fillers (ERNiCrMo-3/-4/-14, e.g. Alloy 625/686-type), low heat input, interpass ≤100 °C, no preheat, full argon backing; post-weld solution annealing is optional but pickling/passivation of the weld area is essential.
Can 1.4652 be formed, bent or molded?
Cold forms readily but needs ~50 % higher press loads than 316L and springs back more; hot work at 1150–1200 °C and finish above 1000 °C, then always solution anneal and quench.
What surface finishes work on 1.4652?
Pickle in HNO3-HF or grind/blast to remove heat tint — residual oxide scale is the main cause of premature crevice attack; mechanical polishing and electropolishing both give excellent, highly passive surfaces.
1.4652 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| Clow carbon to avoid carbide precipitation | ≤ 0.02 | 0.01 |
| Si | ≤ 0.5 | 0.3 |
| Mnraises nitrogen solubility | 2 – 4 | 3 |
| P | ≤ 0.03 | 0.02 |
| S | ≤ 0.01 | 0 |
| Cr | 24 – 25 | 24.5 |
| Niaustenite stabiliser | 21 – 23 | 22 |
| Mokey to pitting/crevice resistance | 7 – 8 | 7.3 |
| Nstrength + PREN contribution | 0.45 – 0.55 | 0.5 |
| Cuimproves resistance in reducing acids | 0.3 – 0.6 | 0.45 |
| Fe | balance | — |
1.4652 Annealed — frequently asked
What is 1.4652 Annealed used for?
1.4652 Annealed is typically used for seawater cooling systems, flue gas desulfurization, offshore and marine equipment and high-chloride chemical processing. In short: highest chloride resistance austenitic; near nickel-alloy corrosion performance; most difficult to machine.
What is the yield strength of 1.4652 Annealed?
1.4652 Annealed has a typical yield strength of 480 MPa (69.6 ksi) and a tensile strength of 800 MPa (116 ksi) — stronger than 75% of stainless steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 3 listed tempers.
Is 1.4652 Annealed easy to machine?
Not especially — machinability is rated poor (16/100, worse than 99% of stainless steel grades). Very difficult: high work hardening and toughness — use rigid setups, positive-rake sharp carbide/PVD-coated tools, low speed with heavy positive feed, ample high-pressure emulsion, and never dwell or rub.
Can 1.4652 Annealed be welded?
Yes — weldability is rated good (65/100). Weld with over-alloyed Ni-base fillers (ERNiCrMo-3/-4/-14, e.g. Alloy 625/686-type), low heat input, interpass ≤100 °C, no preheat, full argon backing; post-weld solution annealing is optional but pickling/passivation of the weld area is essential.
What surface finishes work on 1.4652 Annealed?
Pickle in HNO3-HF or grind/blast to remove heat tint — residual oxide scale is the main cause of premature crevice attack; mechanical polishing and electropolishing both give excellent, highly passive surfaces.
Can 1.4652 Annealed be formed, bent or molded?
Cold forms readily but needs ~50 % higher press loads than 316L and springs back more; hot work at 1150–1200 °C and finish above 1000 °C, then always solution anneal and quench.
What is the maximum service temperature of 1.4652 Annealed?
1.4652 Annealed is rated for continuous use to about 400°C (752 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between 1.4652 Annealed and 1.4652-CD?
Annealed is the default condition — standard supply condition for all product forms; maximum corrosion resistance with all Mo/N in solution. CD: choose for tighter tolerance and higher strength fasteners/shafts where full annealed ductility is not required. Yield strength is 480 MPa in Annealed versus 700 MPa in CD.
Sources
- ASTM A240/A240M — Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet and Strip (UNS S32654) — ASTM International (2023)
- EN 10088-2 — Stainless steels: technical delivery conditions for sheet/plate and strip (X1CrNiMoCuN24-22-8, 1.4652) — CEN (2014)
- Outokumpu 654 SMO (EN 1.4652) datasheet — Outokumpu (2023)
- Sanicro / Sandvik high-alloy austenitic stainless tube data — Alleima (Sandvik Materials Technology) (2022)
- ASM Handbook Vol. 1 — Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels, and High-Performance Alloys — ASM International (1990)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.