Titanium Grade 12 · temper · default condition
Titanium Grade 12-O
Properties of the O condition, compared with the other Grade 12 tempers.
Standard supply condition for plate, sheet, bar, welded and seamless tube — best combination of ductility, weldability and corrosion resistance.
What is Grade 12-O?
Grade 12-O is Grade 12 in the O temper — standard supply condition for plate, sheet, bar, welded and seamless tube — best combination of ductility, weldability and corrosion resistance. Grade 12-O has a yield strength of 420 MPa (60.9 ksi) and a tensile strength of 550 MPa (79.8 ksi) — weaker than 68% of titanium grades. Elongation at break is 22% and the elastic modulus is 103 GPa (14.9 Msi). Grade 12-O has a density of 4.51 g/cm³ (0.163 lb/in³), heavier than 57% of titanium grades. It melts at 1,650°C (3,002 °F).
Advantages
- Conducts heat well — 19 W/m·K (11 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 93% of titanium grades
- High electrical conductivity — 3.3 % IACS, better than 92% of titanium grades
Grade 12-O properties
Typical room-temperature values for Grade 12-O — 13 properties are specific to this condition; the rest are grade-level values shared by every Grade 12 temper. Each bar shows where the value sits among the titanium grades in FabDigit's library — further right is higher.
Physical3
Grade 12-O has a density of 4.51 g/cm³ (0.163 lb/in³), heavier than 57% of titanium grades. It melts at 1,650°C (3,002 °F).
Mechanical16
Grade 12-O has a yield strength of 420 MPa (60.9 ksi) and a tensile strength of 550 MPa (79.8 ksi) — weaker than 68% of titanium grades. Elongation at break is 22% and the elastic modulus is 103 GPa (14.9 Msi).
Thermal6
Grade 12-O is rated for continuous service to 315°C (599 °F). It conducts heat at 19 W/m·K (11 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 93% of titanium grades. Thermal expansion is 9.5 µm/m·K (5.28 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
Grade 12-O conducts electricity at 3.3 % IACS, better than 92% of titanium grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is excellent (93/100), better than 72% of titanium grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of Grade 12-O takes about 700 MJ of energy and emits 42 kg of CO₂ — more than 74% of titanium grades. Typical recycled content is 25%.
Manufacturability8
Grade 12-O's machinability is poor (30/100, better than 64% of titanium grades); weldability excellent (85/100); formability good (55/100).
Common Calculations5
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Certified mill or lot data ships with every FabDigit order on request.
Other Grade 12 tempers and conditions
Grade 12 is also supplied in 1 other condition. The full side-by-side table is on the Grade 12 overview.
- ODefaultStandard supply condition for plate, sheet, bar, welded and seamless tube — best combination of ductility, weldability and corrosion resistance.420 MPa yield · 200 HB
- CWSRPick for cold-drawn tube, bar or fasteners where higher strength and better dimensional/straightness control matter more than maximum ductility.570 MPa yield · 235 HB
Working with Grade 12-O
Is Grade 12 easy to machine?
Machine like CP titanium but slower: rigid setup, sharp uncoated-carbide or coated inserts, low surface speed (~30-50 m/min), heavy feed, copious chlorine-free flood coolant, never dwell — chips are pyrophoric and the alloy galls.
Can Grade 12 be welded?
Excellent GTAW/PAW/EBW weldability with matching Gr12 filler; requires trailing/backing argon shielding or chamber, weld metal below 100 ppm oxygen pick-up, and clean silver-white bead colour as the acceptance check.
Can Grade 12 be formed, bent or molded?
Cold forms similarly to Grade 2 with generous bend radii (≈2.5-3 t) and allowance for springback; hot form or size at 480-650 °C, and stress relieve 480-595 °C after heavy cold work.
What surface finishes work on Grade 12?
Pickle in HNO3/HF after hot work to remove alpha case, then colour anodize (AMS 2488 type II) or oxidize/nitride for anti-galling; no plating needed for corrosion service.
Grade 12 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| Mo | 0.2 – 0.4 | 0.3 |
| Ni | 0.6 – 0.9 | 0.8 |
| Fe | ≤ 0.3 | — |
| O | ≤ 0.25 | — |
| C | ≤ 0.08 | — |
| N | ≤ 0.03 | — |
| Hmax (sheet/plate basis) | ≤ 0.02 | — |
| Residuals, eachmax each | ≤ 0.1 | — |
| Residuals, totalmax total | ≤ 0.4 | — |
| Ti | balance | — |
Grade 12-O — frequently asked
What is Grade 12-O used for?
Grade 12-O is typically used for shell-and-tube heat exchanger tubing, chemical process piping and fittings, plate heat exchanger plates, pressure vessel and reactor linings, brine and desalination equipment and pulp bleaching plant components. In short: corrosion-resistant Ti-Mo-Ni.
What is the yield strength of Grade 12-O?
Grade 12-O has a typical yield strength of 420 MPa (60.9 ksi) and a tensile strength of 550 MPa (79.8 ksi) — weaker than 68% of titanium grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 2 listed tempers.
Is Grade 12-O easy to machine?
Not especially — machinability is rated poor (30/100, better than 64% of titanium grades). Machine like CP titanium but slower: rigid setup, sharp uncoated-carbide or coated inserts, low surface speed (~30-50 m/min), heavy feed, copious chlorine-free flood coolant, never dwell — chips are pyrophoric and the alloy galls.
Can Grade 12-O be welded?
Yes — weldability is rated excellent (85/100). Excellent GTAW/PAW/EBW weldability with matching Gr12 filler; requires trailing/backing argon shielding or chamber, weld metal below 100 ppm oxygen pick-up, and clean silver-white bead colour as the acceptance check.
What surface finishes work on Grade 12-O?
Pickle in HNO3/HF after hot work to remove alpha case, then colour anodize (AMS 2488 type II) or oxidize/nitride for anti-galling; no plating needed for corrosion service.
Can Grade 12-O be formed, bent or molded?
Cold forms similarly to Grade 2 with generous bend radii (≈2.5-3 t) and allowance for springback; hot form or size at 480-650 °C, and stress relieve 480-595 °C after heavy cold work.
What is the maximum service temperature of Grade 12-O?
Grade 12-O is rated for continuous use to about 315°C (599 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between Grade 12-O and Grade 12 CWSR?
O is the default condition — standard supply condition for plate, sheet, bar, welded and seamless tube — best combination of ductility, weldability and corrosion resistance. CWSR: pick for cold-drawn tube, bar or fasteners where higher strength and better dimensional/straightness control matter more than maximum ductility. Yield strength is 420 MPa in O versus 570 MPa in CWSR.
Can FabDigit make parts in Grade 12-O?
Yes — Grade 12-O is available for CNC machining and sheet metal with instant online pricing. Upload a STEP file to get a price and a DFM check.
Sources
- ASTM B265 — Titanium and Titanium Alloy Strip, Sheet, and Plate — ASTM (2020)
- ASTM B348 — Titanium and Titanium Alloy Bars and Billets — ASTM (2021)
- ASTM B338 — Seamless and Welded Titanium Alloy Tubes for Condensers and Heat Exchangers — ASTM (2017)
- ASTM B861 / B862 — Titanium Seamless and Welded Pipe — ASTM (2019)
- ASM Handbook Vol.2 — Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- ASM Handbook Vol.13B — Corrosion: Materials (Titanium) — ASM International (2005)
- TIMETAL Code-12 / RMI Titanium Grade 12 alloy data — TIMET / RMI Titanium (2018)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.