Titanium Grade 12-O (Annealed)
Temper · default condition
ASTM Grade 12 · UNS R53400 · EN 3.7105 · GB TA10
Standard supply condition for plate, sheet, bar, welded and seamless tube — best combination of ductility, weldability and corrosion resistance.
Values for the O condition
Other Grade 12 tempers and conditions
Grade 12 is listed in 2 conditions; see the grade overview at Grade 12.
- O
- CWSR
Compare all 2 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ODefaultThis page Annealed | Standard supply condition for plate, sheet, bar, welded and seamless tube — best combination of ductility, weldability and corrosion resistance. | 420 | 550 | 22 | 200 HB | — |
Cold worked and stress relieved | Pick for cold-drawn tube, bar or fasteners where higher strength and better dimensional/straightness control matter more than maximum ductility. | 570 | 660 | 15 | 22 HRC | 3.3 % IACS |
What is Grade 12-O?
Grade 12-O is Grade 12 in the O temper — standard supply condition for plate, sheet, bar, welded and seamless tube — best combination of ductility, weldability and corrosion resistance. Grade 12-O has a yield strength of 420 MPa (60.9 ksi) and a tensile strength of 550 MPa (79.8 ksi) — weaker than 68% of titanium grades. Elongation at break is 22% and the elastic modulus is 103 GPa (14.9 Msi). Grade 12-O has a density of 4.51 g/cm³ (0.163 lb/in³), heavier than 57% of titanium grades. It melts at 1,650°C (3,002 °F).
Advantages
- Conducts heat well — 19 W/m·K (11 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 93% of titanium grades
- High electrical conductivity — 3.3 % IACS, better than 92% of titanium grades
Grade 12-O properties
Typical room-temperature values for Grade 12-O; 13 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are Grade 12 reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among titanium grades.
Physical3
Grade 12-O has a density of 4.51 g/cm³ (0.163 lb/in³), heavier than 57% of titanium grades. It melts at 1,650°C (3,002 °F).
Mechanical16
Grade 12-O has a yield strength of 420 MPa (60.9 ksi) and a tensile strength of 550 MPa (79.8 ksi) — weaker than 68% of titanium grades. Elongation at break is 22% and the elastic modulus is 103 GPa (14.9 Msi).
Thermal6
Grade 12-O is rated for continuous service to 315°C (599 °F). It conducts heat at 19 W/m·K (11 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 93% of titanium grades. Thermal expansion is 9.5 µm/m·K (5.28 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
Grade 12-O conducts electricity at 3.3 % IACS, better than 92% of titanium grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is excellent (93/100), better than 72% of titanium grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of Grade 12-O takes about 700 MJ of energy and emits 42 kg of CO₂ — more than 74% of titanium grades. Typical recycled content is 25%.
Manufacturability8
Grade 12-O's machinability is poor (30/100, better than 64% of titanium grades); weldability excellent (85/100); formability good (55/100).
Common Calculations5
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with Grade 12-O
Is Grade 12 easy to machine?
Machine like CP titanium but slower: rigid setup, sharp uncoated-carbide or coated inserts, low surface speed (~30-50 m/min), heavy feed, copious chlorine-free flood coolant, never dwell — chips are pyrophoric and the alloy galls.
Can Grade 12 be welded?
Excellent GTAW/PAW/EBW weldability with matching Gr12 filler; requires trailing/backing argon shielding or chamber, weld metal below 100 ppm oxygen pick-up, and clean silver-white bead colour as the acceptance check.
Can Grade 12 be formed, bent or molded?
Cold forms similarly to Grade 2 with generous bend radii (≈2.5-3 t) and allowance for springback; hot form or size at 480-650 °C, and stress relieve 480-595 °C after heavy cold work.
What surface finishes work on Grade 12?
Pickle in HNO3/HF after hot work to remove alpha case, then colour anodize (AMS 2488 type II) or oxidize/nitride for anti-galling; no plating needed for corrosion service.
Grade 12 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| Mo | 0.2 – 0.4 | 0.3 |
| Ni | 0.6 – 0.9 | 0.8 |
| Fe | ≤ 0.3 | |
| O | ≤ 0.25 | |
| C | ≤ 0.08 | |
| N | ≤ 0.03 | |
| Hmax (sheet/plate basis) | ≤ 0.02 | |
| Residuals, eachmax each | ≤ 0.1 | |
| Residuals, totalmax total | ≤ 0.4 | |
| Ti | balance |
Grade 12-O — frequently asked
What is Grade 12-O used for?
Grade 12-O is typically used for shell-and-tube heat exchanger tubing, chemical process piping and fittings, plate heat exchanger plates, pressure vessel and reactor linings, brine and desalination equipment and pulp bleaching plant components. In short: corrosion-resistant Ti-Mo-Ni.
What is the yield strength of Grade 12-O?
Grade 12-O has a typical yield strength of 420 MPa (60.9 ksi) and a tensile strength of 550 MPa (79.8 ksi) — weaker than 68% of titanium grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 2 listed tempers.
Is Grade 12-O easy to machine?
Not especially — machinability is rated poor (30/100, better than 64% of titanium grades). Machine like CP titanium but slower: rigid setup, sharp uncoated-carbide or coated inserts, low surface speed (~30-50 m/min), heavy feed, copious chlorine-free flood coolant, never dwell — chips are pyrophoric and the alloy galls.
Can Grade 12-O be welded?
Yes — weldability is rated excellent (85/100). Excellent GTAW/PAW/EBW weldability with matching Gr12 filler; requires trailing/backing argon shielding or chamber, weld metal below 100 ppm oxygen pick-up, and clean silver-white bead colour as the acceptance check.
What surface finishes work on Grade 12-O?
Pickle in HNO3/HF after hot work to remove alpha case, then colour anodize (AMS 2488 type II) or oxidize/nitride for anti-galling; no plating needed for corrosion service.
Can Grade 12-O be formed, bent or molded?
Cold forms similarly to Grade 2 with generous bend radii (≈2.5-3 t) and allowance for springback; hot form or size at 480-650 °C, and stress relieve 480-595 °C after heavy cold work.
What is the maximum service temperature of Grade 12-O?
Grade 12-O is rated for continuous use to about 315°C (599 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between Grade 12-O and Grade 12 CWSR?
O is the default condition — standard supply condition for plate, sheet, bar, welded and seamless tube — best combination of ductility, weldability and corrosion resistance. CWSR: pick for cold-drawn tube, bar or fasteners where higher strength and better dimensional/straightness control matter more than maximum ductility. Yield strength is 420 MPa in O versus 570 MPa in CWSR.
Can FabDigit make parts in Grade 12-O?
Yes — Grade 12-O is available for CNC machining and sheet metal with instant online pricing. Upload a STEP file to get a price and a DFM check.
Sources
- ASTM B265 — Titanium and Titanium Alloy Strip, Sheet, and Plate — ASTM (2020)
- ASTM B348 — Titanium and Titanium Alloy Bars and Billets — ASTM (2021)
- ASTM B338 — Seamless and Welded Titanium Alloy Tubes for Condensers and Heat Exchangers — ASTM (2017)
- ASTM B861 / B862 — Titanium Seamless and Welded Pipe — ASTM (2019)
- ASM Handbook Vol.2 — Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- ASM Handbook Vol.13B — Corrosion: Materials (Titanium) — ASM International (2005)
- TIMETAL Code-12 / RMI Titanium Grade 12 alloy data — TIMET / RMI Titanium (2018)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.