Titanium Grade 12 CWSR
Heat-treated state
ASTM Grade 12 · UNS R53400 · EN 3.7105 · GB TA10
CWSR = cold worked and stress relieved
Pick for cold-drawn tube, bar or fasteners where higher strength and better dimensional/straightness control matter more than maximum ductility.
Values for the CWSR condition
Other Grade 12 tempers and conditions
Grade 12 is listed in 2 conditions; see the grade overview at Grade 12.
- O
- CWSR
Compare all 2 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ODefault Annealed | Standard supply condition for plate, sheet, bar, welded and seamless tube — best combination of ductility, weldability and corrosion resistance. | 420 | 550 | 22 | 200 HB | — |
CWSRThis page Cold worked and stress relieved | Pick for cold-drawn tube, bar or fasteners where higher strength and better dimensional/straightness control matter more than maximum ductility. | 570 | 660 | 15 | 22 HRC | 3.3 % IACS |
What is Grade 12 CWSR?
Grade 12 CWSR is Grade 12 heat treated to CWSR — pick for cold-drawn tube, bar or fasteners where higher strength and better dimensional/straightness control matter more than maximum ductility. Grade 12 CWSR has a yield strength of 570 MPa (82.7 ksi) and a tensile strength of 660 MPa (95.7 ksi) — weaker than 52% of titanium grades. Elongation at break is 15% and the elastic modulus is 103 GPa (14.9 Msi). Grade 12 CWSR has a density of 4.51 g/cm³ (0.163 lb/in³), heavier than 57% of titanium grades. It melts at 1,650°C (3,002 °F). O is the default condition FabDigit quotes; CWSR is available on request or by drawing note.
Advantages
- Conducts heat well — 19 W/m·K (11 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 93% of titanium grades
- High electrical conductivity — 3.3 % IACS, better than 92% of titanium grades
Limitations
- Low fracture toughness — 60 MPa·√m (54.6 ksi·√in), worse than 83% of titanium grades
Grade 12 CWSR properties
Typical room-temperature values for Grade 12 CWSR; 23 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are Grade 12 reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among titanium grades.
Physical3
Grade 12 CWSR has a density of 4.51 g/cm³ (0.163 lb/in³), heavier than 57% of titanium grades. It melts at 1,650°C (3,002 °F).
Mechanical16
Grade 12 CWSR has a yield strength of 570 MPa (82.7 ksi) and a tensile strength of 660 MPa (95.7 ksi) — weaker than 52% of titanium grades. Elongation at break is 15% and the elastic modulus is 103 GPa (14.9 Msi).
Thermal6
Grade 12 CWSR is rated for continuous service to 300°C (572 °F). It conducts heat at 19 W/m·K (11 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 93% of titanium grades. Thermal expansion is 9.5 µm/m·K (5.28 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
Grade 12 CWSR conducts electricity at 3.3 % IACS, better than 92% of titanium grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is excellent (92/100), better than 53% of titanium grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of Grade 12 CWSR takes about 700 MJ of energy and emits 42 kg of CO₂ — more than 74% of titanium grades. Typical recycled content is 25%.
Manufacturability8
Grade 12 CWSR's machinability is poor (32/100, better than 70% of titanium grades); weldability very good (80/100); formability fair (35/100).
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with Grade 12 CWSR
Is Grade 12 easy to machine?
Machine like CP titanium but slower: rigid setup, sharp uncoated-carbide or coated inserts, low surface speed (~30-50 m/min), heavy feed, copious chlorine-free flood coolant, never dwell — chips are pyrophoric and the alloy galls.
Can Grade 12 be welded?
Excellent GTAW/PAW/EBW weldability with matching Gr12 filler; requires trailing/backing argon shielding or chamber, weld metal below 100 ppm oxygen pick-up, and clean silver-white bead colour as the acceptance check.
Can Grade 12 be formed, bent or molded?
Cold forms similarly to Grade 2 with generous bend radii (≈2.5-3 t) and allowance for springback; hot form or size at 480-650 °C, and stress relieve 480-595 °C after heavy cold work.
What surface finishes work on Grade 12?
Pickle in HNO3/HF after hot work to remove alpha case, then colour anodize (AMS 2488 type II) or oxidize/nitride for anti-galling; no plating needed for corrosion service.
Grade 12 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| Mo | 0.2 – 0.4 | 0.3 |
| Ni | 0.6 – 0.9 | 0.8 |
| Fe | ≤ 0.3 | |
| O | ≤ 0.25 | |
| C | ≤ 0.08 | |
| N | ≤ 0.03 | |
| Hmax (sheet/plate basis) | ≤ 0.02 | |
| Residuals, eachmax each | ≤ 0.1 | |
| Residuals, totalmax total | ≤ 0.4 | |
| Ti | balance |
Grade 12 CWSR — frequently asked
What is Grade 12 CWSR used for?
Grade 12 CWSR is typically used for shell-and-tube heat exchanger tubing, chemical process piping and fittings, plate heat exchanger plates, pressure vessel and reactor linings, brine and desalination equipment and pulp bleaching plant components. In short: corrosion-resistant Ti-Mo-Ni.
What is the yield strength of Grade 12 CWSR?
Grade 12 CWSR has a typical yield strength of 570 MPa (82.7 ksi) and a tensile strength of 660 MPa (95.7 ksi) — weaker than 52% of titanium grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 2 listed tempers.
Is Grade 12 CWSR easy to machine?
Not especially — machinability is rated poor (32/100, better than 70% of titanium grades). Machine like CP titanium but slower: rigid setup, sharp uncoated-carbide or coated inserts, low surface speed (~30-50 m/min), heavy feed, copious chlorine-free flood coolant, never dwell — chips are pyrophoric and the alloy galls.
Can Grade 12 CWSR be welded?
Yes — weldability is rated very good (80/100). Excellent GTAW/PAW/EBW weldability with matching Gr12 filler; requires trailing/backing argon shielding or chamber, weld metal below 100 ppm oxygen pick-up, and clean silver-white bead colour as the acceptance check.
What surface finishes work on Grade 12 CWSR?
Pickle in HNO3/HF after hot work to remove alpha case, then colour anodize (AMS 2488 type II) or oxidize/nitride for anti-galling; no plating needed for corrosion service.
Can Grade 12 CWSR be formed, bent or molded?
Cold forms similarly to Grade 2 with generous bend radii (≈2.5-3 t) and allowance for springback; hot form or size at 480-650 °C, and stress relieve 480-595 °C after heavy cold work.
What is the maximum service temperature of Grade 12 CWSR?
Grade 12 CWSR is rated for continuous use to about 300°C (572 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between Grade 12-O and Grade 12 CWSR?
O is the default condition — standard supply condition for plate, sheet, bar, welded and seamless tube — best combination of ductility, weldability and corrosion resistance. CWSR: pick for cold-drawn tube, bar or fasteners where higher strength and better dimensional/straightness control matter more than maximum ductility. Yield strength is 420 MPa in O versus 570 MPa in CWSR.
Can FabDigit make parts in Grade 12 CWSR?
Yes — Grade 12 CWSR is available for CNC machining and sheet metal with instant online pricing. Upload a STEP file to get a price and a DFM check.
Sources
- ASTM B265 — Titanium and Titanium Alloy Strip, Sheet, and Plate — ASTM (2020)
- ASTM B348 — Titanium and Titanium Alloy Bars and Billets — ASTM (2021)
- ASTM B338 — Seamless and Welded Titanium Alloy Tubes for Condensers and Heat Exchangers — ASTM (2017)
- ASTM B861 / B862 — Titanium Seamless and Welded Pipe — ASTM (2019)
- ASM Handbook Vol.2 — Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- ASM Handbook Vol.13B — Corrosion: Materials (Titanium) — ASM International (2005)
- TIMETAL Code-12 / RMI Titanium Grade 12 alloy data — TIMET / RMI Titanium (2018)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.