Steel 1037-HR (Hot rolled)
Supply condition · default condition
AISI/SAE 1037 · UNS G10370
Most economical stock condition for shafts, pins and weldments where tight size tolerance and surface finish are not required.
Values for the HR condition
Other 1037 tempers and conditions
1037 is listed in 7 conditions; see the grade overview at 1037.
Compare all 7 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Solution annealed | Softest condition for heavy cold forming, deep machining of complex parts or stress relief before hardening. | 275 | 490 | 30 | 137 HB | — |
HRDefaultThis page Hot rolled | Most economical stock condition for shafts, pins and weldments where tight size tolerance and surface finish are not required. | 282 | 510 | 26 | 143 HB | — |
Normalized | Uniform fine-pearlitic structure with better toughness and machining consistency than as-rolled; usual pre-treatment before machining and quench-hardening. | 310 | 545 | 27 | 152 HB | — |
Cold drawn | Choose for higher strength, straightness, close diameter tolerance and a bright machined-ready surface on turned parts and screw-machine work. | 500 | 590 | 16 | 170 HB | — |
water quenched, high-temperature temper (~600 °C) | Tough, moderately strengthened condition for shafts and machine parts in small sections where impact loading matters. | 620 | 800 | 22 | 24 HRC | — |
Induction hardened | Pick when the part needs a wear-resistant, fatigue-strong surface (journals, cams, splines) with a tough unhardened core. | 700 | 900 | 14 | 54 HRC | — |
water quenched, tempered ~540 °C | Standard quenched-and-tempered strength level for pins, spindles and small shafts up to about 25 mm section. | 760 | 960 | 18 | 30 HRC | — |
What is 1037-HR?
1037-HR is 1037 supplied in the HR condition — most economical stock condition for shafts, pins and weldments where tight size tolerance and surface finish are not required. 1037-HR has a yield strength of 282 MPa (40.9 ksi) and a tensile strength of 510 MPa (74 ksi) — weaker than 89% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 26% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi). 1037-HR has a density of 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³), heavier than 56% of steel grades. It melts at 1,425°C (2,597 °F).
Advantages
- Low embodied carbon — 1.9 kg CO₂/kg, better than 92% of steel grades
- High electrical conductivity — 10.5 % IACS, better than 89% of steel grades
- Conducts heat well — 50 W/m·K (28.9 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 87% of steel grades
- Ductile — tolerates forming and impact — 26%, better than 82% of steel grades
Limitations
- Low strength — 282 MPa (40.9 ksi), worse than 89% of steel grades
- Low fracture toughness — 55 MPa·√m (50.1 ksi·√in), worse than 82% of steel grades
1037-HR properties
Typical room-temperature values for 1037-HR; 15 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are 1037 reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among steel grades.
Physical3
1037-HR has a density of 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³), heavier than 56% of steel grades. It melts at 1,425°C (2,597 °F).
Mechanical16
1037-HR has a yield strength of 282 MPa (40.9 ksi) and a tensile strength of 510 MPa (74 ksi) — weaker than 89% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 26% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi).
Thermal6
1037-HR is rated for continuous service to 400°C (752 °F). It conducts heat at 50 W/m·K (28.9 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 87% of steel grades. Thermal expansion is 11.7 µm/m·K (6.5 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
1037-HR conducts electricity at 10.5 % IACS, better than 89% of steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is not recommended (10/100), worse than 86% of steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of 1037-HR takes about 25 MJ of energy and emits 1.9 kg of CO₂ — less than 82% of steel grades. Typical recycled content is 30%.
Manufacturability7
1037-HR's machinability is good (57/100, better than 71% of steel grades); weldability good (58/100); formability good (55/100).
Common Calculations5
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with 1037-HR
Is 1037 easy to machine?
Machines readily at ~65 % of 1212; cold drawn gives the best chip control and finish — use rigid setups, carbide tooling and coolant; normalize first if the bar is banded.
Can 1037 be welded?
Weldable with low-hydrogen electrodes but carbon equivalent ≈0.5, so preheat 150–250 °C, control interpass temperature and stress-relieve or slow-cool thick joints.
Can 1037 be formed, bent or molded?
Hot forge at 1100–1200 °C; cold bending is limited by the 0.35 % C level — use generous bend radii or anneal/normalize before severe forming.
What surface finishes work on 1037?
No natural corrosion protection: use zinc or nickel plating, black oxide, manganese phosphate + oil, or paint; polishes to a fair bright finish before plating.
1037 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| CSAE J403 / ASTM A29 | 0.32 – 0.38 | 0.35 |
| Mn | 0.7 – 0.9 | 0.8 |
| Pmax, bar/rod/wire | ≤ 0.04 | — |
| Smax, bar/rod/wire | ≤ 0.05 | — |
| Siwhen killed steel specified | 0.15 – 0.35 | 0.25 |
| Fe | balance | — |
1037-HR — frequently asked
What is 1037-HR used for?
1037-HR is typically used for shafts, small forgings, bolts and general machinery parts. In short: mid-range carbon shaft steel; stronger than 1018; preheat required for welding.
What is the yield strength of 1037-HR?
1037-HR has a typical yield strength of 282 MPa (40.9 ksi) and a tensile strength of 510 MPa (74 ksi) — weaker than 89% of steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 7 listed tempers.
Is 1037-HR easy to machine?
Reasonably — machinability is rated good (57/100, better than 71% of steel grades). Machines readily at ~65 % of 1212; cold drawn gives the best chip control and finish — use rigid setups, carbide tooling and coolant; normalize first if the bar is banded.
Can 1037-HR be welded?
Yes — weldability is rated good (58/100). Weldable with low-hydrogen electrodes but carbon equivalent ≈0.5, so preheat 150–250 °C, control interpass temperature and stress-relieve or slow-cool thick joints.
What surface finishes work on 1037-HR?
No natural corrosion protection: use zinc or nickel plating, black oxide, manganese phosphate + oil, or paint; polishes to a fair bright finish before plating.
Can 1037-HR be formed, bent or molded?
Hot forge at 1100–1200 °C; cold bending is limited by the 0.35 % C level — use generous bend radii or anneal/normalize before severe forming.
What is the maximum service temperature of 1037-HR?
1037-HR is rated for continuous use to about 400°C (752 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between 1037-HR and 1037-IH?
HR is the default condition — most economical stock condition for shafts, pins and weldments where tight size tolerance and surface finish are not required. IH: pick when the part needs a wear-resistant, fatigue-strong surface (journals, cams, splines) with a tough unhardened core. Yield strength is 282 MPa in HR versus 700 MPa in IH.
Sources
- SAE J403 — Chemical Compositions of SAE Carbon Steels — SAE International (2014)
- ASTM A29/A29M — Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought — ASTM (2020)
- ASTM A108 — Steel Bar, Carbon and Alloy, Cold-Finished — ASTM (2018)
- ASM Handbook Vol.1 — Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels and High-Performance Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- Machinery's Handbook (machinability ratings, heat treatment of carbon steels) — Industrial Press (2020)
- Mysteel / 1688 (2025)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.