Nickel Alloy Alloy 48 ANN-MILL
Heat-treated state
UNS N14076, K94840 · ASTM A753 Type 3 · also Hipernik / 48 Alloy
Standard as-supplied soft condition for stamping and machining; magnetic properties are only partly developed and require a final hydrogen anneal.
Values for the ANN-MILL condition
Other Alloy 48 tempers and conditions
Alloy 48 is listed in 7 conditions; see the grade overview at Alloy 48.
Compare all 7 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hot Rolled / Forged Bar, Annealed | Bar and billet product for machined pole pieces, cores and shields prior to final magnetic anneal. | 190 | 480 | 40 | 120 HB | 3.8 % IACS |
MADefault Magnetically (hydrogen) annealed, 1100–1175 °C | Final-annealed condition for maximum permeability and lowest coercivity — the state parts must be in for magnetic service. | 200 | 500 | 35 | 125 HB | — |
Grain-oriented strip, magnetically annealed | Heavily cold-rolled then critically annealed thin strip with cube texture for square-loop tape-wound cores (pulse transformers, magamps). | 220 | 520 | 25 | 133 HB | 3.8 % IACS |
ANN-MILLThis page bright/strand annealed strip and bar as shipped | Standard as-supplied soft condition for stamping and machining; magnetic properties are only partly developed and require a final hydrogen anneal. | 250 | 530 | 30 | 143 HB | 3.8 % IACS |
Quarter hard | Light cold work for springy stamped parts and better cut edges where magnetic performance is restored by a later anneal. | 450 | 620 | 15 | 9 HRC | 3.7 % IACS |
Half hard | Medium cold-worked strip for shielding cans and structural stampings that need stiffness before final anneal. | 600 | 720 | 8 | 18 HRC | 3.7 % IACS |
Full hard | Maximum-strength as-rolled strip/wire; magnetic properties are poor and a hydrogen anneal is mandatory after forming. | 780 | 860 | 3 | 23 HRC | 3.6 % IACS |
What is Alloy 48 ANN-MILL?
Alloy 48 ANN-MILL is Alloy 48 heat treated to ANN-MILL — standard as-supplied soft condition for stamping and machining; magnetic properties are only partly developed and require a final hydrogen anneal. Alloy 48 ANN-MILL has a yield strength of 250 MPa (36.3 ksi) and a tensile strength of 530 MPa (76.9 ksi) — weaker than 87% of nickel alloy grades. Elongation at break is 30% and the elastic modulus is 152 GPa (22 Msi). Alloy 48 ANN-MILL has a density of 8.25 g/cm³ (0.298 lb/in³), lighter than 58% of nickel alloy grades. It melts at 1,425°C (2,597 °F). MA is the default condition FabDigit quotes; ANN-MILL is available on request or by drawing note.
Advantages
- Low embodied carbon — 7.5 kg CO₂/kg, better than 96% of nickel alloy grades
- Easy to machine — 32/100, better than 95% of nickel alloy grades
- Forms and bends easily — 82/100, better than 94% of nickel alloy grades
- High electrical conductivity — 3.8 % IACS, better than 92% of nickel alloy grades
Limitations
- Needs corrosion protection — 32/100, worse than 98% of nickel alloy grades
- Limited service temperature — 400°C (752 °F), worse than 94% of nickel alloy grades
- Low stiffness — 152 GPa (22 Msi), worse than 93% of nickel alloy grades
- Low strength — 250 MPa (36.3 ksi), worse than 87% of nickel alloy grades
Alloy 48 ANN-MILL properties
Typical room-temperature values for Alloy 48 ANN-MILL; 22 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are Alloy 48 reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among nickel alloy grades.
Physical3
Alloy 48 ANN-MILL has a density of 8.25 g/cm³ (0.298 lb/in³), lighter than 58% of nickel alloy grades. It melts at 1,425°C (2,597 °F).
Mechanical13
Alloy 48 ANN-MILL has a yield strength of 250 MPa (36.3 ksi) and a tensile strength of 530 MPa (76.9 ksi) — weaker than 87% of nickel alloy grades. Elongation at break is 30% and the elastic modulus is 152 GPa (22 Msi).
Thermal6
Alloy 48 ANN-MILL is rated for continuous service to 400°C (752 °F). It conducts heat at 13.5 W/m·K (7.8 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 73% of nickel alloy grades. Thermal expansion is 9.2 µm/m·K (5.11 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
Alloy 48 ANN-MILL conducts electricity at 3.8 % IACS, better than 92% of nickel alloy grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is poor (32/100), worse than 98% of nickel alloy grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of Alloy 48 ANN-MILL takes about 92 MJ of energy and emits 7.5 kg of CO₂ — less than 99% of nickel alloy grades. Typical recycled content is 30%.
Manufacturability8
Alloy 48 ANN-MILL's machinability is poor (32/100, better than 95% of nickel alloy grades); weldability good (65/100); formability very good (82/100).
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with Alloy 48 ANN-MILL
Is Alloy 48 easy to machine?
Gummy and work-hardening — use sharp, positive-rake carbide, rigid setups, heavy feeds at low speed with flood coolant; stress-relieve/hydrogen anneal after machining to restore permeability.
Can Alloy 48 be welded?
GTAW, EB, laser and resistance welding are all practical with matching or Ni-Fe filler; keep heat input low and re-anneal after welding since heat-affected zones lose magnetic quality.
Can Alloy 48 be formed, bent or molded?
Excellent deep-drawing, stamping and coining behaviour in the annealed condition; all cold work must be followed by a 1100–1175 °C dry-hydrogen final anneal with slow controlled cooling.
What surface finishes work on Alloy 48?
Cannot be anodized; protect with electroless nickel, tin or zinc plating, oil or paint, and avoid abrasive finishing after the final magnetic anneal to prevent surface stress degradation.
Alloy 48 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| NiNi+Co basis per ASTM A753 Type 3 | 47 – 50 | 48 |
| Mn | 0.3 – 0.8 | 0.5 |
| Si | 0.1 – 0.35 | 0.2 |
| Ckept low for magnetic quality | ≤ 0.03 | 0.02 |
| S | ≤ 0.02 | — |
| P | ≤ 0.02 | — |
| Crresidual | ≤ 0.3 | — |
| Curesidual | ≤ 0.2 | — |
| Coresidual | ≤ 0.5 | — |
| Fe | balance | — |
Alloy 48 ANN-MILL — frequently asked
What is Alloy 48 ANN-MILL used for?
Alloy 48 ANN-MILL is typically used for magnetic shielding laminations, transformer/relay cores, current transformer cores and magnetic amplifiers. In short: higher saturation than Mumetal; deep-drawable magnetic core alloy; needs hydrogen final anneal.
What is the yield strength of Alloy 48 ANN-MILL?
Alloy 48 ANN-MILL has a typical yield strength of 250 MPa (36.3 ksi) and a tensile strength of 530 MPa (76.9 ksi) — weaker than 87% of nickel alloy grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 7 listed tempers.
Is Alloy 48 ANN-MILL easy to machine?
Not especially — machinability is rated poor (32/100, better than 95% of nickel alloy grades). Gummy and work-hardening — use sharp, positive-rake carbide, rigid setups, heavy feeds at low speed with flood coolant; stress-relieve/hydrogen anneal after machining to restore permeability.
Can Alloy 48 ANN-MILL be welded?
Yes — weldability is rated good (65/100). GTAW, EB, laser and resistance welding are all practical with matching or Ni-Fe filler; keep heat input low and re-anneal after welding since heat-affected zones lose magnetic quality.
What surface finishes work on Alloy 48 ANN-MILL?
Cannot be anodized; protect with electroless nickel, tin or zinc plating, oil or paint, and avoid abrasive finishing after the final magnetic anneal to prevent surface stress degradation.
Can Alloy 48 ANN-MILL be formed, bent or molded?
Excellent deep-drawing, stamping and coining behaviour in the annealed condition; all cold work must be followed by a 1100–1175 °C dry-hydrogen final anneal with slow controlled cooling.
What is the maximum service temperature of Alloy 48 ANN-MILL?
Alloy 48 ANN-MILL is rated for continuous use to about 400°C (752 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between Alloy 48-MA and Alloy 48-FH?
MA is the default condition — final-annealed condition for maximum permeability and lowest coercivity — the state parts must be in for magnetic service. FH: maximum-strength as-rolled strip/wire; magnetic properties are poor and a hydrogen anneal is mandatory after forming. Yield strength is 200 MPa in MA versus 780 MPa in FH.
Sources
- ASTM A753 — Wrought Nickel-Iron Soft Magnetic Alloys (Type 3) — ASTM International (2019)
- GB/T 14986 — (1J46 / 1J50) (2018)
- ASM Handbook Vol.2 — Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys and Special-Purpose Materials (magnetically soft Ni-Fe alloys) — ASM International (1990)
- High Permeability 49 / Alloy 48 technical datasheet — Carpenter Technology (2020)
- Soft magnetic Ni-Fe alloys (PERMENORM / MUMETALL family) data — Vacuumschmelze (VAC) (2021)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.