Copper Alloy C61400-O25
Temper
UNS C61400 · EN CW303G
O25 = hot rolled and annealed
Choose when maximum uniformity and formability of plate/sheet is needed after hot rolling.
Values for the O25 condition
Other C61400 tempers and conditions
C61400 is listed in 7 conditions; see the grade overview at C61400.
Compare all 7 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Soft annealed | Fully softened tube/sheet for expanding, bending, flaring and tube-to-tubesheet rolling. | 205 | 505 | 50 | 128 HB | 14 % IACS |
O25This page Hot rolled and annealed | Choose when maximum uniformity and formability of plate/sheet is needed after hot rolling. | 220 | 515 | 45 | 133 HB | 14 % IACS |
M20Default As hot rolled | Standard stocked condition for plate, sheet and tubesheet; best all-round strength/ductility balance. | 230 | 525 | 45 | 140 HB | 14 % IACS |
As hot extruded | Rod, bar and hollow sections supplied straight from the press; slightly higher strength than hot-rolled plate. | 250 | 550 | 38 | 145 HB | 14 % IACS |
Light drawn | Lightly cold-drawn tube where straightness and moderate strength gain are wanted with usable ductility. | 345 | 565 | 32 | 155 HB | 14 % IACS |
Drawn and stress relieved | Preferred condition for condenser/heat-exchanger tube: cold-drawn strength with residual stresses removed to resist stress-corrosion cracking. | 400 | 585 | 28 | 168 HB | 14 % IACS |
Hard drawn | Maximum-strength cold-drawn rod/tube for wear parts and shafting where ductility is secondary. | 450 | 620 | 20 | 185 HB | 14 % IACS |
What is C61400-O25?
C61400-O25 is C61400 in the O25 temper — choose when maximum uniformity and formability of plate/sheet is needed after hot rolling. C61400-O25 has a yield strength of 220 MPa (31.9 ksi) and a tensile strength of 515 MPa (74.7 ksi) — weaker than 51% of copper alloy grades. Elongation at break is 45% and the elastic modulus is 117 GPa (17 Msi). C61400-O25 has a density of 7.89 g/cm³ (0.285 lb/in³), lighter than 89% of copper alloy grades. It melts at 1,040°C (1,904 °F). M20 is the default condition FabDigit quotes; O25 is available on request or by drawing note.
Advantages
- Ductile — tolerates forming and impact — 45%, better than 91% of copper alloy grades
- Good corrosion resistance — 76/100, better than 91% of copper alloy grades
- High service temperature — 300°C (572 °F), better than 85% of copper alloy grades
- Readily welded — 70/100, better than 85% of copper alloy grades
- Forms and bends easily — 62/100, better than 77% of copper alloy grades
C61400-O25 properties
Typical room-temperature values for C61400-O25; 12 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are C61400 reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among copper alloy grades.
Physical3
C61400-O25 has a density of 7.89 g/cm³ (0.285 lb/in³), lighter than 89% of copper alloy grades. It melts at 1,040°C (1,904 °F).
Mechanical14
C61400-O25 has a yield strength of 220 MPa (31.9 ksi) and a tensile strength of 515 MPa (74.7 ksi) — weaker than 51% of copper alloy grades. Elongation at break is 45% and the elastic modulus is 117 GPa (17 Msi).
Thermal6
C61400-O25 is rated for continuous service to 300°C (572 °F). It conducts heat at 66.6 W/m·K (38.5 BTU/hr·ft·°F), worse than 57% of copper alloy grades. Thermal expansion is 16.2 µm/m·K (9 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
C61400-O25 conducts electricity at 14 % IACS, worse than 56% of copper alloy grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is very good (76/100), better than 91% of copper alloy grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of C61400-O25 takes about 58 MJ of energy and emits 3.6 kg of CO₂ — more than 61% of copper alloy grades. Typical recycled content is 35%.
Manufacturability8
C61400-O25's machinability is poor (26/100, worse than 81% of copper alloy grades); weldability very good (70/100); formability good (62/100).
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with C61400-O25
Is C61400 easy to machine?
Tough, gummy chips: use rigid setups, positive-rake carbide, 60–120 m/min surface speed and generous coolant; roughly 20 % of free-cutting brass throughput.
Can C61400 be welded?
GTAW/GMAW with ERCuAl-A2 filler works well; remove alumina film mechanically or with AC/He, preheat 150–200 °C on heavy sections and avoid excessive heat input to prevent aluminium oxide entrapment.
Can C61400 be formed, bent or molded?
Hot work at 750–900 °C; cold form only in O25/O60 tempers, with interstage anneal at 600–650 °C for severe drawing or tube expanding.
What surface finishes work on C61400?
Not anodizable; polishes to a golden lustre, can be pickled in sulphuric/HF-free acid to remove oxide, and takes electroless nickel or clear lacquer for atmospheric appearance retention.
C61400 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| Al | 6 – 8 | 7 |
| Fegrain refiner, raises strength/wear resistance | 1.5 – 3.5 | 2.5 |
| Mn | ≤ 1 | 0.3 |
| Zn | ≤ 0.2 | — |
| Pb | ≤ 0.01 | — |
| P | ≤ 0.02 | — |
| CuCu + named elements 99.5 % min | balance | — |
C61400-O25 — frequently asked
What is C61400-O25 used for?
C61400-O25 is typically used for ship propeller shafts, valve stems, pump shafts and condenser plates. In short: stronger iron-bearing aluminum bronze; weldable seawater shafting alloy; 300 °C service capability.
What is the yield strength of C61400-O25?
C61400-O25 has a typical yield strength of 220 MPa (31.9 ksi) and a tensile strength of 515 MPa (74.7 ksi) — weaker than 51% of copper alloy grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 7 listed tempers.
Is C61400-O25 easy to machine?
Not especially — machinability is rated poor (26/100, worse than 81% of copper alloy grades). Tough, gummy chips: use rigid setups, positive-rake carbide, 60–120 m/min surface speed and generous coolant; roughly 20 % of free-cutting brass throughput.
Can C61400-O25 be welded?
Yes — weldability is rated very good (70/100). GTAW/GMAW with ERCuAl-A2 filler works well; remove alumina film mechanically or with AC/He, preheat 150–200 °C on heavy sections and avoid excessive heat input to prevent aluminium oxide entrapment.
What surface finishes work on C61400-O25?
Not anodizable; polishes to a golden lustre, can be pickled in sulphuric/HF-free acid to remove oxide, and takes electroless nickel or clear lacquer for atmospheric appearance retention.
Can C61400-O25 be formed, bent or molded?
Hot work at 750–900 °C; cold form only in O25/O60 tempers, with interstage anneal at 600–650 °C for severe drawing or tube expanding.
What is the maximum service temperature of C61400-O25?
C61400-O25 is rated for continuous use to about 300°C (572 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between C61400-M20 and C61400-H80?
M20 is the default condition — standard stocked condition for plate, sheet and tubesheet; best all-round strength/ductility balance. H80: maximum-strength cold-drawn rod/tube for wear parts and shafting where ductility is secondary. Yield strength is 230 MPa in M20 versus 450 MPa in H80.
Sources
- ASTM B171/B171M — Copper-Alloy Plate and Sheet for Pressure Vessels, Condensers and Heat Exchangers — ASTM International (2018)
- ASTM B111/B111M — Copper and Copper-Alloy Seamless Condenser Tubes — ASTM International (2021)
- CDA Alloy Database — C61400 aluminium bronze, D — Copper Development Association (2023)
- ASM Handbook Vol. 2 — Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- ASM Handbook Vol. 13B — Corrosion: Materials (copper alloys in seawater) — ASM International (2005)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.