Steel T10-HR (Hot rolled)
Supply condition
AISI/SAE T10 · EN 1.1645 · GB T10A
Cheapest mill condition for stock that will be annealed or fully heat treated by the user.
Values for the HR condition
Other T10 tempers and conditions
T10 is listed in 10 conditions; see the grade overview at T10.
Compare all 10 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cold Rolled Strip, soft annealed | Bright annealed strip/coil for stamped blades, springs and shims that are hardened after blanking. | 410 | 700 | 20 | 185 HB | 9 % IACS |
AnnealedDefault spheroidize annealed (soft, ≤197 HB) | Default stock condition for bar, strip and plate: soft, machinable and ready for hardening after machining. | 420 | 720 | 18 | 192 HB | — |
HRThis page Hot rolled | Cheapest mill condition for stock that will be annealed or fully heat treated by the user. | 480 | 830 | 12 | 22 HRC | 9 % IACS |
Cold drawn | Choose for close-tolerance round or square bar and drill-rod style blanks needing minimal machining. | 620 | 800 | 10 | 21 HRC | 9 % IACS |
Cold Rolled Strip, hard rolled | Work-hardened strip used where stiffness and edge retention are needed without a hardening cycle. | 850 | 1,000 | 3 | 30 HRC | 8.5 % IACS |
Quenched, tempered 400–450 °C | Toughness-biased condition for shock-loaded tooling, springs and heavy-section parts. | 1,350 | 1,550 | 7 | 48 HRC | — |
Quenched, tempered 300–350 °C | Slightly tougher setting for shear blades, cold chisels and impact-loaded punches. | 1,650 | 1,900 | 4 | 56 HRC | 7.5 % IACS |
Quenched, tempered 200–250 °C | Standard working hardness for taps, reamers, punches, woodworking chisels and small blanking dies. | 1,850 | 2,150 | 2 | 60 HRC | — |
Quenched, tempered 150–180 °C | Maximum wear resistance and edge holding for files, razor blades, scrapers and hand-cutting tools. | 2,000 | 2,300 | 1 | 63 HRC | — |
water/brine quenched from 760–790 °C, untempered | Intermediate condition only — must be tempered immediately to avoid quench cracking. | — | 2,200 | 0.5 | 64 HRC | 7 % IACS |
What is T10-HR?
T10-HR is T10 supplied in the HR condition — cheapest mill condition for stock that will be annealed or fully heat treated by the user. T10-HR has a yield strength of 480 MPa (69.6 ksi) and a tensile strength of 830 MPa (120 ksi) — stronger than 59% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 12% and the elastic modulus is 210 GPa (30.5 Msi). T10-HR has a density of 7.81 g/cm³ (0.282 lb/in³), lighter than 84% of steel grades. It melts at 1,400°C (2,552 °F). Annealed is the default condition FabDigit quotes; HR is available on request or by drawing note.
Advantages
- Low embodied carbon — 1.9 kg CO₂/kg, better than 92% of steel grades
- Polishes to a fine finish — 70/100, better than 87% of steel grades
Limitations
- Difficult to weld — 10/100, worse than 99% of steel grades
- Limited service temperature — 200°C (392 °F), worse than 93% of steel grades
- Limited ductility — 12%, worse than 84% of steel grades
- Difficult to machine — 36/100, worse than 81% of steel grades
T10-HR properties
Typical room-temperature values for T10-HR; 23 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are T10 reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among steel grades.
Physical3
T10-HR has a density of 7.81 g/cm³ (0.282 lb/in³), lighter than 84% of steel grades. It melts at 1,400°C (2,552 °F).
Mechanical15
T10-HR has a yield strength of 480 MPa (69.6 ksi) and a tensile strength of 830 MPa (120 ksi) — stronger than 59% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 12% and the elastic modulus is 210 GPa (30.5 Msi).
Thermal6
T10-HR is rated for continuous service to 200°C (392 °F). It conducts heat at 46 W/m·K (26.6 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 71% of steel grades. Thermal expansion is 11.5 µm/m·K (6.39 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
T10-HR conducts electricity at 9 % IACS, better than 71% of steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is not recommended (10/100), worse than 86% of steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of T10-HR takes about 25 MJ of energy and emits 1.9 kg of CO₂ — less than 82% of steel grades. Typical recycled content is 30%.
Manufacturability8
T10-HR's machinability is fair (36/100, worse than 81% of steel grades); weldability not recommended (10/100); formability poor (30/100).
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with T10-HR
Is T10 easy to machine?
Machine in the spheroidize-annealed condition with HSS or carbide at moderate speeds; hardened parts require grinding or EDM.
Can T10 be welded?
Effectively non-weldable for structural purposes — 1 % C causes hard, crack-prone HAZ; only TIG/laser tool repair with preheat 250–350 °C and immediate temper.
Can T10 be formed, bent or molded?
Annealed strip cold-forms and blanks acceptably; hot work at 1050–850 °C and cool slowly, then spheroidize anneal at 740–760 °C before machining.
What surface finishes work on T10?
Grinds and mirror-polishes well when hardened; protect with oil, black oxide, phosphate, nitriding or plating since bare surfaces rust quickly.
T10 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| C | 0.95 – 1.04 | 1 |
| Si | ≤ 0.35 | 0.25 |
| Mn | ≤ 0.4 | 0.3 |
| Crresidual | ≤ 0.25 | 0.1 |
| Niresidual | ≤ 0.2 | 0.1 |
| Curesidual | ≤ 0.3 | 0.1 |
| PT10A high-grade: P ≤ 0.030 | ≤ 0.04 | 0.02 |
| ST10A high-grade: S ≤ 0.020 | ≤ 0.03 | 0.02 |
| Fe | balance | — |
T10-HR — frequently asked
What is T10-HR used for?
T10-HR is typically used for hand cutting tools, shear blades, blanking and piercing punches, cold-work dies, woodworking chisels and plane irons and files and reamers. In short: high-carbon tool steel.
What is the yield strength of T10-HR?
T10-HR has a typical yield strength of 480 MPa (69.6 ksi) and a tensile strength of 830 MPa (120 ksi) — stronger than 59% of steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 10 listed tempers.
Is T10-HR easy to machine?
Not especially — machinability is rated fair (36/100, worse than 81% of steel grades). Machine in the spheroidize-annealed condition with HSS or carbide at moderate speeds; hardened parts require grinding or EDM.
Can T10-HR be welded?
Not readily — weldability is rated not recommended (10/100). Effectively non-weldable for structural purposes — 1 % C causes hard, crack-prone HAZ; only TIG/laser tool repair with preheat 250–350 °C and immediate temper.
What surface finishes work on T10-HR?
Grinds and mirror-polishes well when hardened; protect with oil, black oxide, phosphate, nitriding or plating since bare surfaces rust quickly.
Can T10-HR be formed, bent or molded?
Annealed strip cold-forms and blanks acceptably; hot work at 1050–850 °C and cool slowly, then spheroidize anneal at 740–760 °C before machining.
What is the maximum service temperature of T10-HR?
T10-HR is rated for continuous use to about 200°C (392 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between T10 Annealed and T10 CR-Hard?
Annealed is the default condition — default stock condition for bar, strip and plate: soft, machinable and ready for hardening after machining. CR-Hard: work-hardened strip used where stiffness and edge retention are needed without a hardening cycle. Yield strength is 420 MPa in Annealed versus 850 MPa in CR-Hard.
Can FabDigit make parts in T10-HR?
Yes — T10-HR is available for CNC machining; every part is priced by an engineer rather than instantly. Upload a STEP file to get a price and a DFM check.
Sources
- GB/T 1298 Carbon Tool Steels — Technical Requirements — SAC (China) (2008)
- DIN 17350 / EN ISO 4957 (1.1645 C105W1) — DIN / ISO (2018)
- ASM Handbook Vol. 1: Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels and High-Performance Alloys (W1 water-hardening tool steels) — ASM International (1990)
- Tool Steels, 5th ed. — ASM International (1998)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.