Steel M10-ANN (Annealed)
Heat-treated state · default condition
AISI/SAE M10 · UNS T11310
Standard as-supplied condition for machining tool blanks before hardening.
Values for the ANN condition
Other M10 tempers and conditions
M10 is listed in 6 conditions; see the grade overview at M10.
Compare all 6 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ANNDefaultThis page Annealed | Standard as-supplied condition for machining tool blanks before hardening. | 550 | 830 | 16 | 22 HRC | — |
Cold drawn annealed | Choose for close-tolerance drill/tap blanks where minimal pre-machining is wanted. | 640 | 880 | 12 | 24 HRC | 3.2 % IACS |
Hardened & tempered 60–62 HRC | Pick for interrupted cuts, taps and punches where chipping is the main failure mode. | 1,800 | 2,100 | 1 | 61 HRC | — |
Hardened & tempered 62–64 HRC | The standard working hardness for drills, reamers, broaches and milling cutters. | 1,950 | 2,250 | 0.5 | 63 HRC | — |
Hardened + nitrided / oxynitrided surface | Adds a very hard diffusion case for abrasive workpieces; case is brittle so avoid heavy interrupted cuts. | 1,950 | 2,150 | 0.5 | 63 HRC | 3 % IACS |
Hardened & tempered 64–66 HRC | High-carbon M10 quenched from the top of the range for maximum wear resistance in stable, non-impact cutting. | — | 2,350 | 0.3 | 65 HRC | — |
What is M10-ANN?
M10-ANN is M10 heat treated to ANN — standard as-supplied condition for machining tool blanks before hardening. M10-ANN has a yield strength of 550 MPa (79.8 ksi) and a tensile strength of 830 MPa (120 ksi) — stronger than 71% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 16% and the elastic modulus is 217 GPa (31.5 Msi). M10-ANN has a density of 7.88 g/cm³ (0.285 lb/in³), heavier than 93% of steel grades. It melts at 1,290°C (2,354 °F).
Advantages
- Polishes to a fine finish — 70/100, better than 87% of steel grades
Limitations
- Low fracture toughness — 30 MPa·√m (27.3 ksi·√in), worse than 96% of steel grades
- High embodied carbon — 2.9 kg CO₂/kg, worse than 91% of steel grades
- Poor heat conductor — 24 W/m·K (13.9 BTU/hr·ft·°F), worse than 90% of steel grades
- Low electrical conductivity — 3.2 % IACS, worse than 87% of steel grades
- Limited formability — 15/100, worse than 87% of steel grades
M10-ANN properties
Typical room-temperature values for M10-ANN; 15 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are M10 reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among steel grades.
Physical3
M10-ANN has a density of 7.88 g/cm³ (0.285 lb/in³), heavier than 93% of steel grades. It melts at 1,290°C (2,354 °F).
Mechanical17
M10-ANN has a yield strength of 550 MPa (79.8 ksi) and a tensile strength of 830 MPa (120 ksi) — stronger than 71% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 16% and the elastic modulus is 217 GPa (31.5 Msi).
Thermal6
M10-ANN is rated for continuous service to 250°C (482 °F). It conducts heat at 24 W/m·K (13.9 BTU/hr·ft·°F), worse than 90% of steel grades. Thermal expansion is 10.4 µm/m·K (5.78 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
M10-ANN conducts electricity at 3.2 % IACS, worse than 87% of steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is poor (18/100), better than 83% of steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of M10-ANN takes about 36 MJ of energy and emits 2.9 kg of CO₂ — more than 89% of steel grades. Typical recycled content is 40%.
Manufacturability7
M10-ANN's machinability is fair (42/100, worse than 73% of steel grades); weldability poor (20/100); formability poor (15/100).
Common Calculations5
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with M10-ANN
Is M10 easy to machine?
Machine only in the spheroidize-annealed state (≈45% of 1212) with rigid setups and cobalt/carbide tooling; after hardening it is a grinding-only material and is sensitive to grinding burn.
Can M10 be welded?
Not a structural weld grade — repair only, with 500–550 °C preheat, matched HSS filler, and immediate re-temper to avoid cracking.
Can M10 be formed, bent or molded?
Hot form 1000–1100 °C, never finish below ~925 °C, then slow cool and full anneal at 870–900 °C; no meaningful cold formability.
What surface finishes work on M10?
Harden from 1180–1220 °C in salt/vacuum with strict decarburization control, double or triple temper at 540–560 °C to 62–64 HRC; finish with steam oxide, black oxide, nitriding or TiN/TiAlN PVD (PVD below the tempering temperature).
M10 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| C0.84–0.94 standard; 0.95–1.05 for high-carbon M10 | 0.84 – 1.05 | 0.89 |
| Mn | 0.1 – 0.4 | 0.25 |
| Si | 0.2 – 0.45 | 0.3 |
| Cr | 3.75 – 4.5 | 4 |
| Mo | 7.75 – 8.5 | 8 |
| V | 1.8 – 2.2 | 2 |
| Wtungsten-free grade; residual only | ≤ 0.4 | 0 |
| Coresidual | ≤ 0.5 | 0 |
| P | ≤ 0.03 | — |
| S | ≤ 0.03 | — |
| Fe | balance | — |
M10-ANN — frequently asked
What is M10-ANN used for?
M10-ANN is typically used for drills, taps, chisels, punches and cold-heading dies. In short: tungsten-free molybdenum HSS; tough impact-tool grade; best-machining grade shown.
What is the yield strength of M10-ANN?
M10-ANN has a typical yield strength of 550 MPa (79.8 ksi) and a tensile strength of 830 MPa (120 ksi) — stronger than 71% of steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 6 listed tempers.
Is M10-ANN easy to machine?
Not especially — machinability is rated fair (42/100, worse than 73% of steel grades). Machine only in the spheroidize-annealed state (≈45% of 1212) with rigid setups and cobalt/carbide tooling; after hardening it is a grinding-only material and is sensitive to grinding burn.
Can M10-ANN be welded?
Not readily — weldability is rated poor (20/100). Not a structural weld grade — repair only, with 500–550 °C preheat, matched HSS filler, and immediate re-temper to avoid cracking.
What surface finishes work on M10-ANN?
Harden from 1180–1220 °C in salt/vacuum with strict decarburization control, double or triple temper at 540–560 °C to 62–64 HRC; finish with steam oxide, black oxide, nitriding or TiN/TiAlN PVD (PVD below the tempering temperature).
Can M10-ANN be formed, bent or molded?
Hot form 1000–1100 °C, never finish below ~925 °C, then slow cool and full anneal at 870–900 °C; no meaningful cold formability.
What is the maximum service temperature of M10-ANN?
M10-ANN is rated for continuous use to about 250°C (482 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between M10-ANN and M10 HT-NIT?
ANN is the default condition — standard as-supplied condition for machining tool blanks before hardening. HT-NIT: adds a very hard diffusion case for abrasive workpieces; case is brittle so avoid heavy interrupted cuts. Yield strength is 550 MPa in ANN versus 1,950 MPa in HT-NIT.
Sources
- ASTM A600 — Standard Specification for Tool Steel High Speed — ASTM International (2016)
- UNS T11310 designation listing (SAE HS-1086 / ASTM DS-56) — SAE/ASTM (2017)
- ASM Handbook Vol. 1 — Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels, and High-Performance Alloys (Tool Steels) — ASM International (1990)
- ASM Handbook Vol. 16 — Machining (tool material machinability ratings) — ASM International (1989)
- Tool Steels, 5th ed. (Roberts, Krauss, Kennedy) — ASM International (1998)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.