Steel AerMet 310 NORM
Heat-treated state
NORM = normalized
Intermediate homogenizing/grain-refining step before annealing or hardening; not a delivery condition for finished parts.
Values for the NORM condition
Other AerMet 310 tempers and conditions
AerMet 310 is listed in 6 conditions; see the grade overview at AerMet 310.
Compare all 6 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Annealed | Mill-supplied soft condition (~40 HRC max) for rough machining before final heat treatment. | 1,030 | 1,280 | 15 | 39 HRC | — |
NORMThis page Normalized | Intermediate homogenizing/grain-refining step before annealing or hardening; not a delivery condition for finished parts. | 1,270 | 1,650 | 11 | 50 HRC | 2.5 % IACS |
As-quenched + cryogenic | Transient condition after 885 °C austenitize, oil quench and −73 °C cryogenic soak; must be aged before service. | 1,480 | 1,900 | 8 | 55 HRC | 2.4 % IACS |
Hardened + aged 496 °C (925 °F) 5 h | Slightly overaged for higher fracture toughness and ductility where damage tolerance governs. | 1,860 | 2,070 | 11 | 55 HRC | 2.7 % IACS |
A900Default Hardened + aged 482 °C (900 °F) 5 h, air cool | Standard aerospace heat treatment giving the nominal ~310 ksi strength with usable K_IC — the design condition for landing gear and structural parts. | 1,960 | 2,140 | 10 | 57 HRC | — |
Hardened + aged 468 °C (875 °F) 5 h | Choose when maximum tensile/yield strength is required and fracture toughness demand is moderate. | 2,000 | 2,210 | 9 | 58 HRC | 2.7 % IACS |
What is AerMet 310 NORM?
AerMet 310 NORM is AerMet 310 heat treated to NORM — intermediate homogenizing/grain-refining step before annealing or hardening; not a delivery condition for finished parts. AerMet 310 NORM has a yield strength of 1,270 MPa (184 ksi) and a tensile strength of 1,650 MPa (239 ksi) — stronger than 95% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 11% and the elastic modulus is 194 GPa (28.1 Msi). AerMet 310 NORM has a density of 8 g/cm³ (0.289 lb/in³), heavier than 95% of steel grades. It melts at 1,420°C (2,588 °F). A900 is the default condition FabDigit quotes; NORM is available on request or by drawing note.
Advantages
- High strength — 1,270 MPa (184 ksi), better than 95% of steel grades
- Good corrosion resistance — 25/100, better than 92% of steel grades
- Polishes to a fine finish — 70/100, better than 87% of steel grades
Limitations
- High embodied carbon — 7.5 kg CO₂/kg, worse than 99% of steel grades
- Difficult to machine — 18/100, worse than 97% of steel grades
- Poor heat conductor — 21 W/m·K (12.1 BTU/hr·ft·°F), worse than 95% of steel grades
- Limited formability — 12/100, worse than 92% of steel grades
- Limited ductility — 11%, worse than 89% of steel grades
AerMet 310 NORM properties
Typical room-temperature values for AerMet 310 NORM; 22 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are AerMet 310 reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among steel grades.
Physical3
AerMet 310 NORM has a density of 8 g/cm³ (0.289 lb/in³), heavier than 95% of steel grades. It melts at 1,420°C (2,588 °F).
Mechanical15
AerMet 310 NORM has a yield strength of 1,270 MPa (184 ksi) and a tensile strength of 1,650 MPa (239 ksi) — stronger than 95% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 11% and the elastic modulus is 194 GPa (28.1 Msi).
Thermal6
AerMet 310 NORM is rated for continuous service to 300°C (572 °F). It conducts heat at 21 W/m·K (12.1 BTU/hr·ft·°F), worse than 95% of steel grades. Thermal expansion is 11.3 µm/m·K (6.28 µin/in·°F).
Electrical2
AerMet 310 NORM has an electrical resistivity of 6.9×10⁻⁷ Ω·m.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is poor (25/100), better than 92% of steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of AerMet 310 NORM takes about 100 MJ of energy and emits 7.5 kg of CO₂ — more than 99% of steel grades. Typical recycled content is 20%.
Manufacturability7
AerMet 310 NORM's machinability is poor (18/100, worse than 97% of steel grades); weldability fair (45/100); formability not recommended (12/100).
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with AerMet 310 NORM
Is AerMet 310 easy to machine?
Rough machine in the annealed (~40 HRC) condition; finish machining at 55–58 HRC needs rigid setups, ceramic/CBN or coated carbide, low speeds and generous coolant, with grinding for final tolerances.
Can AerMet 310 be welded?
GTAW or electron-beam welding with matching filler and no preheat is practical; re-solution + re-age (or at least re-age) after welding to restore properties, and keep hydrogen and moisture out.
Can AerMet 310 be formed, bent or molded?
Hot work only (forge ~1100–1150 °C, finish above 900 °C); essentially no cold formability at hardened strength levels.
What surface finishes work on AerMet 310?
Not stainless — protect with low-hydrogen cadmium, IVD aluminium or HVOF coatings; bake at 190 °C after any electroplating or pickling to avoid hydrogen embrittlement, and shot peen high-stress fillets.
AerMet 310 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| C | 0.23 – 0.27 | 0.25 |
| Co | 14.5 – 15.5 | 15 |
| Ni | 10.7 – 11.3 | 11 |
| Cr | 2.2 – 2.6 | 2.4 |
| Mo | 1.2 – 1.6 | 1.4 |
| Mnresidual | ≤ 0.1 | — |
| Siresidual | ≤ 0.1 | — |
| P | ≤ 0.01 | — |
| S | ≤ 0.01 | — |
| Fe | balance | — |
AerMet 310 NORM — frequently asked
What is AerMet 310 NORM used for?
AerMet 310 NORM is typically used for landing gear, arresting hooks and high-load aircraft structural parts. In short: highest-strength AerMet grade; 310 ksi tensile class; toughness at extreme strength.
What is the yield strength of AerMet 310 NORM?
AerMet 310 NORM has a typical yield strength of 1,270 MPa (184 ksi) and a tensile strength of 1,650 MPa (239 ksi) — stronger than 95% of steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 6 listed tempers.
Is AerMet 310 NORM easy to machine?
Not especially — machinability is rated poor (18/100, worse than 97% of steel grades). Rough machine in the annealed (~40 HRC) condition; finish machining at 55–58 HRC needs rigid setups, ceramic/CBN or coated carbide, low speeds and generous coolant, with grinding for final tolerances.
Can AerMet 310 NORM be welded?
With care — weldability is rated fair (45/100). GTAW or electron-beam welding with matching filler and no preheat is practical; re-solution + re-age (or at least re-age) after welding to restore properties, and keep hydrogen and moisture out.
What surface finishes work on AerMet 310 NORM?
Not stainless — protect with low-hydrogen cadmium, IVD aluminium or HVOF coatings; bake at 190 °C after any electroplating or pickling to avoid hydrogen embrittlement, and shot peen high-stress fillets.
Can AerMet 310 NORM be formed, bent or molded?
Hot work only (forge ~1100–1150 °C, finish above 900 °C); essentially no cold formability at hardened strength levels.
What is the maximum service temperature of AerMet 310 NORM?
AerMet 310 NORM is rated for continuous use to about 300°C (572 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between AerMet 310-A900 and AerMet 310-ANN?
A900 is the default condition — standard aerospace heat treatment giving the nominal ~310 ksi strength with usable K_IC — the design condition for landing gear and structural parts. ANN: mill-supplied soft condition (~40 HRC max) for rough machining before final heat treatment. Yield strength is 1,960 MPa in A900 versus 1,030 MPa in ANN.
Sources
- AerMet 310 Alloy technical datasheet — Carpenter Technology Corporation (2020)
- ASM Handbook Vol. 1: Properties and Selection — Irons, Steels and High-Performance Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- MMPDS-17 (ultra-high-strength steel chapter, AerMet-class data) — Battelle/FAA (2022)
- AMS 6532 / AMS 6478 (AerMet-family Co-Ni ultra-high-strength steel bar and forgings) — SAE International (2019)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.