Steel A47 32510-M8501
Heat-treated state
ASTM A47 32510 · EN EN-GJMB-350-10 · JIS FCMB35 · GB KTH350-10
Highest-strength, hardest malleable grade for wear-loaded gears/cams; essentially no ductility reserve, machine before or with carbide tooling.
Values for the M8501 condition
Other A47 32510 tempers and conditions
A47 32510 is listed in 8 conditions; see the grade overview at A47 32510.
Compare all 8 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
annealed ferritic malleable iron, 32 ksi yield (ASTM A602) | Automotive-specification equivalent of A47 32510: annealed ferritic, specified by hardness for low-stress machined parts. | 230 | 360 | 12 | 130 HB | 51 W/m·K |
32510Default Annealed ferritic (blackheart) malleable iron, 32.5 ksi yield / 10 %… | Standard stocked condition: two-stage graphitizing anneal for maximum machinability and 10 % ductility in pipe fittings, brackets and hardware. | 240 | 360 | 12 | 130 HB | 51 W/m·K |
Annealed ferritic malleable iron, 35 ksi yield / 18 % elong | Pick when higher ductility/toughness is needed for cold-formed or bent-in-service parts (clips, chain links, ties). | 250 | 380 | 20 | 130 HB | 51 W/m·K |
air-quenched and tempered pearlitic malleable iron, 45 ksi yield / 4 % elong. | Lowest-strength pearlitic grade: pick when moderate strength plus easy machining and some ductility are needed (levers, brackets). | 320 | 460 | 5 | 190 HB | 46 W/m·K |
air-quenched and tempered pearlitic malleable iron, 50 ksi yield / 3 % elong. | Use for higher static strength and better wear resistance than ferritic grades while keeping good machinability. | 355 | 530 | 4 | 210 HB | 46 W/m·K |
liquid-quenched and tempered malleable iron, 55 ksi yield / 3 % elong. | Oil-quenched tempered-martensite grade for higher yield strength at the same hardness band as M5003. | 390 | 530 | 4 | 210 HB | 46 W/m·K |
liquid-quenched and tempered malleable iron, 70 ksi yield / 2 % elong. | High-strength quenched-and-tempered grade for loaded automotive parts (steering arms, connecting links) where 2 % ductility suffices. | 495 | 630 | 3 | 24 HRC | 46 W/m·K |
M8501This page liquid-quenched and tempered malleable iron, 85 ksi yield / 1 % elong. | Highest-strength, hardest malleable grade for wear-loaded gears/cams; essentially no ductility reserve, machine before or with carbide tooling. | 600 | 730 | 2 | 29 HRC | 45 W/m·K |
What is A47 32510-M8501?
A47 32510-M8501 is A47 32510 heat treated to M8501 — highest-strength, hardest malleable grade for wear-loaded gears/cams; essentially no ductility reserve, machine before or with carbide tooling. A47 32510-M8501 has a yield strength of 600 MPa (87 ksi) and a tensile strength of 730 MPa (106 ksi) — stronger than 77% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 2% and the elastic modulus is 170 GPa (24.7 Msi). A47 32510-M8501 has a density of 7.3 g/cm³ (0.264 lb/in³), lighter than 98% of steel grades. It melts at 1,130°C (2,066 °F). 32510 is the default condition FabDigit quotes; M8501 is available on request or by drawing note.
Advantages
- Low embodied carbon — 1.6 kg CO₂/kg, better than 100% of steel grades
- High strength — 600 MPa (87 ksi), better than 77% of steel grades
Limitations
- Limited ductility — 2%, worse than 99% of steel grades
- Low stiffness — 170 GPa (24.7 Msi), worse than 97% of steel grades
- Difficult to weld — 12/100, worse than 96% of steel grades
- Limited formability — 10/100, worse than 95% of steel grades
- Low fracture toughness — 45 MPa·√m (41 ksi·√in), worse than 90% of steel grades
A47 32510-M8501 properties
Typical room-temperature values for A47 32510-M8501; 12 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are A47 32510 reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among steel grades.
Physical3
A47 32510-M8501 has a density of 7.3 g/cm³ (0.264 lb/in³), lighter than 98% of steel grades. It melts at 1,130°C (2,066 °F).
Mechanical15
A47 32510-M8501 has a yield strength of 600 MPa (87 ksi) and a tensile strength of 730 MPa (106 ksi) — stronger than 77% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 2% and the elastic modulus is 170 GPa (24.7 Msi).
Thermal6
A47 32510-M8501 is rated for continuous service to 425°C (797 °F). It conducts heat at 45 W/m·K (26 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 66% of steel grades. Thermal expansion is 12 µm/m·K (6.67 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
A47 32510-M8501 conducts electricity at 5.5 % IACS, worse than 81% of steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is poor (18/100), better than 83% of steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of A47 32510-M8501 takes about 19 MJ of energy and emits 1.6 kg of CO₂ — less than 100% of steel grades. Typical recycled content is 85%.
Manufacturability8
A47 32510-M8501's machinability is good (55/100, better than 62% of steel grades); weldability not recommended (12/100); formability not recommended (10/100).
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with A47 32510-M8501
Is A47 32510 easy to machine?
One of the best-machining ferrous materials in the annealed state — temper carbon breaks chips; HSS works, use carbide and lower speeds above 200 HB (M7002/M8501).
Can A47 32510 be welded?
Not recommended for structural joints: HAZ forms carbide/martensite and cracks; if unavoidable, preheat 300–400 °C, use Ni-based electrodes and re-anneal/stress relieve.
Can A47 32510 be formed, bent or molded?
Green-sand or shell-mold cast as white iron with chilled thin sections (typically <25 mm), then two-stage graphitizing anneal (~900 °C hold + slow cool through eutectoid); pearlitic grades are air- or oil-quenched and tempered afterwards.
What surface finishes work on A47 32510?
Shot-blast the anneal scale, then hot-dip galvanize (standard for pipe fittings), zinc/phosphate, e-coat or paint; anodizing not applicable and high-polish finishes are limited by temper-carbon pull-out.
A47 32510 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| Ctotal carbon; present as temper carbon after anneal | 2.2 – 2.9 | 2.5 |
| Sigraphitizer, controls anneal time | 0.9 – 1.9 | 1.4 |
| Mn | 0.15 – 1.25 | 0.4 |
| S | ≤ 0.2 | 0.09 |
| P | ≤ 0.18 | 0.06 |
| Crkept low to avoid stable carbide | ≤ 0.06 | 0.03 |
| FeASTM A47 sets properties, not chemistry; values are typical foundry practice | balance | — |
A47 32510-M8501 — frequently asked
What is A47 32510-M8501 used for?
A47 32510-M8501 is typically used for automotive suspension brackets, steering components, pipe fittings and hand tools. In short: best-machining cast iron; ductile at low cost; galvanizes readily.
What is the yield strength of A47 32510-M8501?
A47 32510-M8501 has a typical yield strength of 600 MPa (87 ksi) and a tensile strength of 730 MPa (106 ksi) — stronger than 77% of steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 8 listed tempers.
Is A47 32510-M8501 easy to machine?
Reasonably — machinability is rated good (55/100, better than 62% of steel grades). One of the best-machining ferrous materials in the annealed state — temper carbon breaks chips; HSS works, use carbide and lower speeds above 200 HB (M7002/M8501).
Can A47 32510-M8501 be welded?
Not readily — weldability is rated not recommended (12/100). Not recommended for structural joints: HAZ forms carbide/martensite and cracks; if unavoidable, preheat 300–400 °C, use Ni-based electrodes and re-anneal/stress relieve.
What surface finishes work on A47 32510-M8501?
Shot-blast the anneal scale, then hot-dip galvanize (standard for pipe fittings), zinc/phosphate, e-coat or paint; anodizing not applicable and high-polish finishes are limited by temper-carbon pull-out.
Can A47 32510-M8501 be formed, bent or molded?
Green-sand or shell-mold cast as white iron with chilled thin sections (typically <25 mm), then two-stage graphitizing anneal (~900 °C hold + slow cool through eutectoid); pearlitic grades are air- or oil-quenched and tempered afterwards.
What is the maximum service temperature of A47 32510-M8501?
A47 32510-M8501 is rated for continuous use to about 425°C (797 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between A47 32510 32510 and A47 32510-M8501?
32510 is the default condition — standard stocked condition: two-stage graphitizing anneal for maximum machinability and 10 % ductility in pipe fittings, brackets and hardware. M8501: highest-strength, hardest malleable grade for wear-loaded gears/cams; essentially no ductility reserve, machine before or with carbide tooling. Yield strength is 240 MPa in 32510 versus 600 MPa in M8501.
Sources
- ASTM A47/A47M — Ferritic Malleable Iron Castings — ASTM International (2018)
- ASTM A602 — Automotive Malleable Iron Castings — ASTM International (2019)
- GB/T 9440 — (KTH350-10) — SAC (2010)
- EN 1562 — Founding: Malleable cast irons (EN-GJMB-350-10) — CEN (2019)
- ASM Handbook Vol.1: Properties and Selection — Malleable Iron — ASM International (1990)
- Machinery's Handbook — machinability ratings of cast irons — Industrial Press (2020)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.