Steel 9CrSi Hot Rolled
Finish state
GB 9CrSi
Choose as-rolled bar or flat at 280 HB as the most economical supply form for large sections; spheroidize annealing is normally required before machining.
Values for the Hot Rolled condition
Other 9CrSi tempers and conditions
9CrSi is listed in 9 conditions; see the grade overview at 9CrSi.
- Annealed
- Stress Relieved
- Hot Rolled
- Cold Drawn
- Q&T 45-50 HRC
- Q&T 50-55 HRC
- Q&T 56-60 HRC
- Q&T 60-62 HRC
- Hardened 63-65 HRC
Compare all 9 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AnnealedDefault spheroidize/soft annealed ( , ≤241 HB) | Use the spheroidize-annealed ≤241 HB delivery state at 217 HB for turning, milling, drilling, tapping and forming, then quench and temper to service hardness. | 430 | 750 | 15 | 217 HB | — |
600–700 °C after rough machining | Apply at 600–700 °C after rough machining to relieve stress and limit quench distortion in slender tools and precision dies; at 225 HB it is not a final service condition. | 450 | 770 | 14 | 19 HRC | 7 % IACS |
Hot RolledThis page as-rolled bar/flat, un-annealed | Choose as-rolled bar or flat at 280 HB as the most economical supply form for large sections; spheroidize annealing is normally required before machining. | 570 | 900 | 10 | 29 HRC | 7 % IACS |
annealed then cold drawn/peeled bar | Pick annealed then cold drawn or peeled bar for small-diameter tap and reamer blanks: size accuracy and surface allow direct hardening, but elongation falls to 8%. | 700 | 880 | 8 | 26 HRC | 7 % IACS |
Oil quench + temper 400–500 °C | Choose when toughness governs, as in spring clamps and impact-loaded tooling; tempering at 400–500 °C lowers hardness to about 47 HRC and clearly reduces wear resistance. | 1,350 | 1,550 | 6 | 47 HRC | 6.5 % IACS |
Oil quench + temper 300–400 °C | Pick for cutting edges and die parts under higher impact loads; the 300–400 °C temper trades hardness down to about 53 HRC and 1750 MPa tensile in exchange for toughness. | 1,550 | 1,750 | 3 | 53 HRC | 6.5 % IACS |
Oil quench + temper 200–300 °C | Use for cold stamping dies and thread-rolling plates that must balance toughness and wear; the 200–300 °C temper after oil quench holds about 58 HRC and 2050 MPa tensile. | 1,820 | 2,050 | 1.5 | 58 HRC | 6 % IACS |
Oil quench + temper 160–200 °C | Choose for cutting tools — taps, reamers, dies, shear blades — needing maximum wear resistance; oil quench plus a 160–200 °C temper gives 61 HRC with little toughness reserve. | 2,000 | 2,250 | 1 | 61 HRC | 6 % IACS |
As-quenched | Treat only as an intermediate state straight from the 860–880 °C oil quench; temper immediately to relieve quenching stress, otherwise cracking is likely at 64 HRC. | 2,050 | 2,300 | 0.5 | 64 HRC | 5.7 % IACS |
What is 9CrSi Hot Rolled?
9CrSi Hot Rolled is 9CrSi supplied in the Hot Rolled condition — choose as-rolled bar or flat at 280 HB as the most economical supply form for large sections; spheroidize annealing is normally required before machining. 9CrSi Hot Rolled has a yield strength of 570 MPa (82.7 ksi) and a tensile strength of 900 MPa (131 ksi) — stronger than 74% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 10% and the elastic modulus is 210 GPa (30.5 Msi). 9CrSi Hot Rolled has a density of 7.77 g/cm³ (0.281 lb/in³), lighter than 92% of steel grades. It melts at 1,420°C (2,588 °F). Annealed is the default condition FabDigit quotes; Hot Rolled is available on request or by drawing note.
Advantages
- Polishes to a fine finish — 70/100, better than 87% of steel grades
Limitations
- Difficult to weld — 10/100, worse than 99% of steel grades
- Limited service temperature — 200°C (392 °F), worse than 93% of steel grades
- Limited ductility — 10%, worse than 91% of steel grades
- Limited formability — 15/100, worse than 87% of steel grades
- Difficult to machine — 35/100, worse than 84% of steel grades
9CrSi Hot Rolled properties
Typical room-temperature values for 9CrSi Hot Rolled; 22 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are 9CrSi reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among steel grades.
Physical3
9CrSi Hot Rolled has a density of 7.77 g/cm³ (0.281 lb/in³), lighter than 92% of steel grades. It melts at 1,420°C (2,588 °F).
Mechanical15
9CrSi Hot Rolled has a yield strength of 570 MPa (82.7 ksi) and a tensile strength of 900 MPa (131 ksi) — stronger than 74% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 10% and the elastic modulus is 210 GPa (30.5 Msi).
Thermal6
9CrSi Hot Rolled is rated for continuous service to 200°C (392 °F). It conducts heat at 34 W/m·K (19.6 BTU/hr·ft·°F), worse than 77% of steel grades. Thermal expansion is 11.5 µm/m·K (6.39 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
9CrSi Hot Rolled conducts electricity at 7 % IACS, worse than 74% of steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is not recommended (13/100), better than 66% of steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of 9CrSi Hot Rolled takes about 33 MJ of energy and emits 2.4 kg of CO₂ — more than 76% of steel grades. Typical recycled content is 30%.
Manufacturability8
9CrSi Hot Rolled's machinability is fair (35/100, worse than 84% of steel grades); weldability not recommended (10/100); formability poor (15/100).
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with 9CrSi Hot Rolled
Is 9CrSi easy to machine?
Machine in the annealed condition (≤241 HB) with coated carbide or high-cobalt HSS; the high silicon makes chips slightly sticky and accelerates tool wear. Once hardened, work only by grinding or EDM.
Can 9CrSi be welded?
High carbon and hardness make it crack-sensitive, so it is normally not welded. For unavoidable repair use matching or martensitic stainless electrodes with 300–400 °C preheat, maintained interpass temperature and an immediate post-weld temper.
Can 9CrSi be formed, bent or molded?
Forge in the 1100–850 °C range, cool slowly and spheroidize-anneal promptly after forging. Cold forming capability is very limited — light straightening and coining only.
What surface finishes work on 9CrSi?
Grind and polish after quench and temper. Protect with black oxide, phosphating, steam treatment or oil; TiN coating is possible if the coating temperature stays below the tempering temperature.
9CrSi chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| C | 0.85 – 0.95 | 0.9 |
| Siraises hardenability and temper stability; promotes decarburization | 1.2 – 1.6 | 1.4 |
| Mn | 0.3 – 0.6 | 0.45 |
| Cr | 0.95 – 1.25 | 1.1 |
| Pimpurity upper limit | ≤ 0.03 | — |
| Simpurity upper limit | ≤ 0.03 | — |
| Niresidual element | ≤ 0.25 | — |
| Curesidual element | ≤ 0.3 | — |
| Fe | balance | — |
9CrSi Hot Rolled — frequently asked
What is 9CrSi Hot Rolled used for?
9CrSi Hot Rolled is typically used for taps and thread dies, reamers and broaches, cold blanking and punching dies, shear and guillotine blades, thread-rolling plates and cold-work punches. In short: cold-work tool steel.
What is the yield strength of 9CrSi Hot Rolled?
9CrSi Hot Rolled has a typical yield strength of 570 MPa (82.7 ksi) and a tensile strength of 900 MPa (131 ksi) — stronger than 74% of steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 9 listed tempers.
Is 9CrSi Hot Rolled easy to machine?
Not especially — machinability is rated fair (35/100, worse than 84% of steel grades). Machine in the annealed condition (≤241 HB) with coated carbide or high-cobalt HSS; the high silicon makes chips slightly sticky and accelerates tool wear. Once hardened, work only by grinding or EDM.
Can 9CrSi Hot Rolled be welded?
Not readily — weldability is rated not recommended (10/100). High carbon and hardness make it crack-sensitive, so it is normally not welded. For unavoidable repair use matching or martensitic stainless electrodes with 300–400 °C preheat, maintained interpass temperature and an immediate post-weld temper.
What surface finishes work on 9CrSi Hot Rolled?
Grind and polish after quench and temper. Protect with black oxide, phosphating, steam treatment or oil; TiN coating is possible if the coating temperature stays below the tempering temperature.
Can 9CrSi Hot Rolled be formed, bent or molded?
Forge in the 1100–850 °C range, cool slowly and spheroidize-anneal promptly after forging. Cold forming capability is very limited — light straightening and coining only.
What is the maximum service temperature of 9CrSi Hot Rolled?
9CrSi Hot Rolled is rated for continuous use to about 200°C (392 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
Can FabDigit make parts in 9CrSi Hot Rolled?
Yes — 9CrSi Hot Rolled is available for CNC machining; every part is priced by an engineer rather than instantly. Upload a STEP file to get a price and a DFM check.
Sources
- ASM Handbook Vol.1: Properties and Selection — Irons, Steels, and High-Performance Alloys (tool steels) — ASM International (1990)
- 1.2108 / 90CrSi5 cold-work tool steel data (equivalent grade) — European tool-steel producers (2020)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.