Stainless Steel 654 SMO-CD (Cold drawn)
Supply condition
UNS S32654 · ASTM A240/A312 · EN 1.4652, X1CrNiMoCuN24-22-8
Bright, close-tolerance bar with raised yield strength for shafts and fasteners; slightly reduced ductility.
Values for the CD condition
Other 654 SMO tempers and conditions
654 SMO is listed in 6 conditions; see the grade overview at 654 SMO.
Compare all 6 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
hot finished (rolled/forged) and solution annealed bar & billet | Choose for heavy-section bar, flanges and valve bodies where cold drawing is impractical. | 460 | 790 | 45 | 210 HB | 2 % IACS |
Forged + SA | For forged fittings and pressure parts per ASTM A182 grade S32654 requirements. | 470 | 800 | 45 | 215 HB | 2 % IACS |
SADefault Solution annealed (≈1150–1200 °C, water quenched), plate/sheet/tube | Standard supply condition for plate, sheet, welded/seamless tube and fittings — maximum corrosion resistance and toughness. | 490 | 820 | 50 | 220 HB | — |
CDThis page Cold drawn | Bright, close-tolerance bar with raised yield strength for shafts and fasteners; slightly reduced ductility. | 650 | 900 | 30 | 26 HRC | 2 % IACS |
Cold Worked 1/4 Hard | Use where higher yield strength is needed in thin strip, spring washers or cold-worked tubing. | 720 | 950 | 25 | 30 HRC | 2 % IACS |
Cold Worked 1/2 Hard | Highest-strength cold-worked condition; for wire, springs and high-load thin sections at the cost of ductility. | 900 | 1,100 | 15 | 35 HRC | 2 % IACS |
What is 654 SMO-CD?
654 SMO-CD is 654 SMO supplied in the CD condition — bright, close-tolerance bar with raised yield strength for shafts and fasteners; slightly reduced ductility. 654 SMO-CD has a yield strength of 650 MPa (94.3 ksi) and a tensile strength of 900 MPa (131 ksi) — stronger than 90% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 30% and the elastic modulus is 190 GPa (27.6 Msi). 654 SMO-CD has a density of 8 g/cm³ (0.289 lb/in³), heavier than 92% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,320°C (2,408 °F). SA is the default condition FabDigit quotes; CD is available on request or by drawing note.
Advantages
- Good corrosion resistance — 91/100, better than 99% of stainless steel grades
- High strength — 650 MPa (94.3 ksi), better than 90% of stainless steel grades
- Polishes to a fine finish — 80/100, better than 89% of stainless steel grades
Limitations
- Poor heat conductor — 8.6 W/m·K (4.97 BTU/hr·ft·°F), worse than 100% of stainless steel grades
- Difficult to machine — 21/100, worse than 97% of stainless steel grades
- High embodied carbon — 6.5 kg CO₂/kg, worse than 93% of stainless steel grades
- Limited service temperature — 350°C (662 °F), worse than 84% of stainless steel grades
- Low electrical conductivity — 2 % IACS, worse than 77% of stainless steel grades
654 SMO-CD properties
Typical room-temperature values for 654 SMO-CD; 24 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are 654 SMO reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among stainless steel grades.
Physical3
654 SMO-CD has a density of 8 g/cm³ (0.289 lb/in³), heavier than 92% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,320°C (2,408 °F).
Mechanical14
654 SMO-CD has a yield strength of 650 MPa (94.3 ksi) and a tensile strength of 900 MPa (131 ksi) — stronger than 90% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 30% and the elastic modulus is 190 GPa (27.6 Msi).
Thermal6
654 SMO-CD is rated for continuous service to 350°C (662 °F). It conducts heat at 8.6 W/m·K (4.97 BTU/hr·ft·°F), worse than 100% of stainless steel grades. Thermal expansion is 15.5 µm/m·K (8.61 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
654 SMO-CD conducts electricity at 2 % IACS, worse than 77% of stainless steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is excellent (91/100), better than 99% of stainless steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of 654 SMO-CD takes about 85 MJ of energy and emits 6.5 kg of CO₂ — more than 92% of stainless steel grades. Typical recycled content is 40%.
Manufacturability7
654 SMO-CD's machinability is poor (21/100, worse than 97% of stainless steel grades); weldability good (55/100); formability fair (35/100).
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with 654 SMO-CD
Is 654 SMO easy to machine?
Treat like a nickel alloy: rigid setup, sharp coated carbide, low speed (~15–25 m/min) with heavy positive feed, flood coolant and no dwelling — the high-N austenite work hardens extremely fast.
Can 654 SMO be welded?
GTAW/GMAW/SMAW with over-alloyed Ni-base filler (ERNiCrMo-3/-13 or Alloy 59) to avoid Mo segregation; low heat input, interpass < 100 °C, no preheat, no post-weld heat treatment except full re-solution when possible.
Can 654 SMO be formed, bent or molded?
Cold forms well but needs ~2× the press force of 316L and generous springback allowance; hot work 1150–1200 °C and finish above 1000 °C, then always solution anneal and quench.
What surface finishes work on 654 SMO?
Pickle in HNO3–HF or bead blast + passivate after welding to restore the chromium/molybdenum oxide film; electropolishing gives the best crevice/pitting performance in seawater service.
654 SMO chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| Clow carbon for weldability | ≤ 0.02 | 0.01 |
| Si | ≤ 0.5 | 0.3 |
| Mnaids N solubility | 2 – 4 | 3 |
| P | ≤ 0.03 | 0.02 |
| S | ≤ 0.01 | 0 |
| Cr | 24 – 25 | 24.5 |
| Ni | 21 – 23 | 22 |
| Mokey to PREN ≈ 54–56 | 7 – 8 | 7.3 |
| Cu | 0.3 – 0.6 | 0.45 |
| Nstrengthening + pitting resistance | 0.45 – 0.55 | 0.5 |
| Fe | balance | — |
654 SMO-CD — frequently asked
What is 654 SMO-CD used for?
654 SMO-CD is typically used for seawater desalination, flue gas desulfurization scrubbers, bleach plant equipment and offshore and subsea components. In short: highest-PREN wrought stainless; nickel-alloy chloride resistance; costlier than 254 SMO.
What is the yield strength of 654 SMO-CD?
654 SMO-CD has a typical yield strength of 650 MPa (94.3 ksi) and a tensile strength of 900 MPa (131 ksi) — stronger than 90% of stainless steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 6 listed tempers.
Is 654 SMO-CD easy to machine?
Not especially — machinability is rated poor (21/100, worse than 97% of stainless steel grades). Treat like a nickel alloy: rigid setup, sharp coated carbide, low speed (~15–25 m/min) with heavy positive feed, flood coolant and no dwelling — the high-N austenite work hardens extremely fast.
Can 654 SMO-CD be welded?
Yes — weldability is rated good (55/100). GTAW/GMAW/SMAW with over-alloyed Ni-base filler (ERNiCrMo-3/-13 or Alloy 59) to avoid Mo segregation; low heat input, interpass < 100 °C, no preheat, no post-weld heat treatment except full re-solution when possible.
What surface finishes work on 654 SMO-CD?
Pickle in HNO3–HF or bead blast + passivate after welding to restore the chromium/molybdenum oxide film; electropolishing gives the best crevice/pitting performance in seawater service.
Can 654 SMO-CD be formed, bent or molded?
Cold forms well but needs ~2× the press force of 316L and generous springback allowance; hot work 1150–1200 °C and finish above 1000 °C, then always solution anneal and quench.
What is the maximum service temperature of 654 SMO-CD?
654 SMO-CD is rated for continuous use to about 350°C (662 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between 654 SMO-SA and 654 SMO-CD?
SA is the default condition — standard supply condition for plate, sheet, welded/seamless tube and fittings — maximum corrosion resistance and toughness. CD: bright, close-tolerance bar with raised yield strength for shafts and fasteners; slightly reduced ductility. Yield strength is 490 MPa in SA versus 650 MPa in CD.
Sources
- ASTM A240/A240M — Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet and Strip (UNS S32654) — ASTM International (2023)
- ASTM A312/A312M — Seamless and Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipes — ASTM International (2022)
- EN 10088-2 — Stainless steels, grade 1.4652 (X1CrNiMoCuN24-22-8) — CEN (2014)
- 654 SMO (EN 1.4652) data sheet — Outokumpu (2022)
- ASM Handbook Vol. 1 — Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels and High-Performance Alloys — ASM International (1990)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.