Nickel Alloy M-35-1-ANN (Annealed)
Heat-treated state
UNS N24135, J24135 · ASTM A494 M35-1
Used when maximum ductility, uniform structure and lowest hardness are required, e.g. for castings to be machined heavily or subsequently welded.
Values for the ANN condition
Other M-35-1 tempers and conditions
M-35-1 is listed in 3 conditions; see the grade overview at M-35-1.
Compare all 3 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ANNThis page Annealed | Used when maximum ductility, uniform structure and lowest hardness are required, e.g. for castings to be machined heavily or subsequently welded. | 185 | 470 | 40 | 115 HB | 3.5 % IACS |
Stress relieved | Pick when weld repairs or heavy sections leave residual stress that could cause distortion or stress-corrosion in HF/steam service. | 195 | 480 | 37 | 120 HB | 3.4 % IACS |
FDefault As fabricated | Standard commercial condition for A494 M35-1 pump casings, valve bodies and impellers. | 205 | 485 | 35 | 125 HB | — |
What is M-35-1-ANN?
M-35-1-ANN is M-35-1 heat treated to ANN — used when maximum ductility, uniform structure and lowest hardness are required, e.g. for castings to be machined heavily or subsequently welded. M-35-1-ANN has a yield strength of 185 MPa (26.8 ksi) and a tensile strength of 470 MPa (68.2 ksi) — weaker than 96% of nickel alloy grades. Elongation at break is 40% and the elastic modulus is 150 GPa (21.8 Msi). M-35-1-ANN has a density of 8.84 g/cm³ (0.319 lb/in³), heavier than 83% of nickel alloy grades. It melts at 1,300°C (2,372 °F). F is the default condition FabDigit quotes; ANN is available on request or by drawing note.
Advantages
- Easy to machine — 32/100, better than 95% of nickel alloy grades
- Conducts heat well — 22 W/m·K (12.7 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 91% of nickel alloy grades
- High electrical conductivity — 3.5 % IACS, better than 91% of nickel alloy grades
- Low embodied carbon — 9.5 kg CO₂/kg, better than 90% of nickel alloy grades
Limitations
- Low strength — 185 MPa (26.8 ksi), worse than 96% of nickel alloy grades
- Low stiffness — 150 GPa (21.8 Msi), worse than 95% of nickel alloy grades
- Hard to polish — 60/100, worse than 84% of nickel alloy grades
- Limited service temperature — 480°C (896 °F), worse than 82% of nickel alloy grades
M-35-1-ANN properties
Typical room-temperature values for M-35-1-ANN; 21 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are M-35-1 reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among nickel alloy grades.
Physical3
M-35-1-ANN has a density of 8.84 g/cm³ (0.319 lb/in³), heavier than 83% of nickel alloy grades. It melts at 1,300°C (2,372 °F).
Mechanical13
M-35-1-ANN has a yield strength of 185 MPa (26.8 ksi) and a tensile strength of 470 MPa (68.2 ksi) — weaker than 96% of nickel alloy grades. Elongation at break is 40% and the elastic modulus is 150 GPa (21.8 Msi).
Thermal6
M-35-1-ANN is rated for continuous service to 480°C (896 °F). It conducts heat at 22 W/m·K (12.7 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 91% of nickel alloy grades. Thermal expansion is 13.9 µm/m·K (7.72 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
M-35-1-ANN conducts electricity at 3.5 % IACS, better than 91% of nickel alloy grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is very good (78/100), better than 51% of nickel alloy grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of M-35-1-ANN takes about 125 MJ of energy and emits 9.5 kg of CO₂ — less than 89% of nickel alloy grades. Typical recycled content is 45%.
Manufacturability7
M-35-1-ANN's machinability is poor (32/100, better than 95% of nickel alloy grades); weldability very good (75/100).
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with M-35-1-ANN
Is M-35-1 easy to machine?
Gummy and work-hardening: use rigid setups, sharp positive-rake carbide, low speed (25–45 m/min) with heavy feed, flood coolant and never dwell in the cut.
Can M-35-1 be welded?
Readily welded with GTAW/SMAW using ERNiCu-7 / ENiCu-7 filler; grind out casting skin and defects, preheat only to remove moisture, keep interpass low and avoid sulfur-bearing contamination.
Can M-35-1 be formed, bent or molded?
Sand or investment cast; alloy is fluid but shrinks strongly — use generous risers, chills on heavy sections and degas/deoxidize with Mg or Ti to avoid gas porosity.
What surface finishes work on M-35-1?
Cannot be anodized; pickle or grit-blast then passivate, or electropolish; takes a good mechanical polish and can be nickel/chrome plated if required.
M-35-1 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| Cu | 26 – 33 | 30 |
| C | ≤ 0.35 | 0.2 |
| Mn | ≤ 1.5 | 1 |
| Silow-Si limit gives the weldable grade (vs M35-2 at 2.0 % max) | ≤ 1.25 | 1 |
| Fe | ≤ 3.5 | 2 |
| Nbcolumbium, optional weld-soundness addition | ≤ 0.5 | 0.2 |
| P | ≤ 0.03 | — |
| S | ≤ 0.03 | — |
| Niremainder, per ASTM A494 M35-1 | ≥ 60 (balance) | — |
M-35-1-ANN — frequently asked
What is M-35-1-ANN used for?
M-35-1-ANN is typically used for seawater pump casings, valve bodies and marine hardware castings. In short: cast Monel 400; seawater casting standard; ni-Cu castings for acid.
What is the yield strength of M-35-1-ANN?
M-35-1-ANN has a typical yield strength of 185 MPa (26.8 ksi) and a tensile strength of 470 MPa (68.2 ksi) — weaker than 96% of nickel alloy grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 3 listed tempers.
Is M-35-1-ANN easy to machine?
Not especially — machinability is rated poor (32/100, better than 95% of nickel alloy grades). Gummy and work-hardening: use rigid setups, sharp positive-rake carbide, low speed (25–45 m/min) with heavy feed, flood coolant and never dwell in the cut.
Can M-35-1-ANN be welded?
Yes — weldability is rated very good (75/100). Readily welded with GTAW/SMAW using ERNiCu-7 / ENiCu-7 filler; grind out casting skin and defects, preheat only to remove moisture, keep interpass low and avoid sulfur-bearing contamination.
What surface finishes work on M-35-1-ANN?
Cannot be anodized; pickle or grit-blast then passivate, or electropolish; takes a good mechanical polish and can be nickel/chrome plated if required.
Can M-35-1-ANN be formed, bent or molded?
Sand or investment cast; alloy is fluid but shrinks strongly — use generous risers, chills on heavy sections and degas/deoxidize with Mg or Ti to avoid gas porosity.
What is the maximum service temperature of M-35-1-ANN?
M-35-1-ANN is rated for continuous use to about 480°C (896 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between M-35-1-F and M-35-1-ANN?
F is the default condition — standard commercial condition for A494 M35-1 pump casings, valve bodies and impellers. ANN: used when maximum ductility, uniform structure and lowest hardness are required, e.g. for castings to be machined heavily or subsequently welded. Yield strength is 205 MPa in F versus 185 MPa in ANN.
Sources
- ASTM A494/A494M — Castings, Nickel and Nickel Alloy — ASTM International (2023)
- ASM Handbook Vol. 2 — Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- ASM Specialty Handbook: Nickel, Cobalt and Their Alloys — ASM International (2000)
- ASM Handbook Vol. 13B — Corrosion: Materials — ASM International (2005)
- Nickel-Copper Alloy 400 / cast equivalent datasheets — Special Metals / foundry publications (2021)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.