Aluminum V96-T1
Temper · default condition
GOST V96 (В96)
T1 = cooled from hot working and naturally aged
Standard aerospace supply condition — maximum strength for statically loaded high-stress forgings and extrusions.
Values for the T1 condition
Other V96 tempers and conditions
V96 is listed in 5 conditions; see the grade overview at V96.
Compare all 5 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Thermomechanically controlled processed | Softest condition for deep forming, straightening or heavy machining before heat treatment. | 140 | 260 | 14 | 75 HB | 40 % IACS |
Solution heat treated (unstable) | Short-lived condition used immediately after quenching for forming/riveting before natural ageing hardens the metal. | 230 | 400 | 16 | 105 HB | 28 % IACS |
Cooled from hot working, cold worked and naturally aged | Choose when stress-corrosion cracking and exfoliation resistance in thick sections matter more than peak strength. | 500 | 570 | 8 | 165 HB | 39 % IACS |
Solution heat treated, cold worked and naturally aged | Compromise temper for skins and extrusions needing near-peak strength with improved exfoliation resistance. | 555 | 610 | 7 | 178 HB | 36 % IACS |
T1DefaultThis page Cooled from hot working and naturally aged | Standard aerospace supply condition — maximum strength for statically loaded high-stress forgings and extrusions. | 620 | 660 | 6 | 190 HB | 31 % IACS |
What is V96-T1?
V96-T1 is V96 in the T1 temper — standard aerospace supply condition — maximum strength for statically loaded high-stress forgings and extrusions. V96-T1 has a yield strength of 620 MPa (89.9 ksi) and a tensile strength of 660 MPa (95.7 ksi) — stronger than 99% of aluminum grades. Elongation at break is 6% and the elastic modulus is 71 GPa (10.3 Msi). V96-T1 has a density of 2.89 g/cm³ (0.104 lb/in³), heavier than 98% of aluminum grades. It melts at 477°C (891 °F).
Advantages
- High strength — 620 MPa (89.9 ksi), better than 99% of aluminum grades
- Polishes to a fine finish — 65/100, better than 82% of aluminum grades
- Easy to machine — 72/100, better than 80% of aluminum grades
Limitations
- Needs corrosion protection — 30/100, worse than 98% of aluminum grades
- Difficult to weld — 15/100, worse than 96% of aluminum grades
- Limited service temperature — 120°C (248 °F), worse than 79% of aluminum grades
V96-T1 properties
Typical room-temperature values for V96-T1; 14 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are V96 reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among aluminum grades.
Physical3
V96-T1 has a density of 2.89 g/cm³ (0.104 lb/in³), heavier than 98% of aluminum grades. It melts at 477°C (891 °F).
Mechanical14
V96-T1 has a yield strength of 620 MPa (89.9 ksi) and a tensile strength of 660 MPa (95.7 ksi) — stronger than 99% of aluminum grades. Elongation at break is 6% and the elastic modulus is 71 GPa (10.3 Msi).
Thermal6
V96-T1 is rated for continuous service to 120°C (248 °F). It conducts heat at 130 W/m·K (75.1 BTU/hr·ft·°F), worse than 65% of aluminum grades. Thermal expansion is 23.4 µm/m·K (13 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
V96-T1 conducts electricity at 31 % IACS, worse than 68% of aluminum grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is poor (30/100), worse than 98% of aluminum grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of V96-T1 takes about 210 MJ of energy and emits 13 kg of CO₂ — more than 88% of aluminum grades. Typical recycled content is 10%.
Manufacturability8
V96-T1's machinability is very good (72/100, better than 80% of aluminum grades); weldability poor (15/100); formability poor (20/100).
Common Calculations5
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with V96-T1
Is V96 easy to machine?
Machines well in Т1/Т2 with sharp carbide tools, high speed and flood coolant; avoid heavy residual stress by rough-machining before final ageing.
Can V96 be welded?
Not fusion weldable for structural use (hot cracking, loss of temper); join by riveting, bolting or friction stir welding with post-weld ageing.
Can V96 be formed, bent or molded?
Form in M or freshly quenched W condition only; hot forge at 380–440 °C, then solution treat 465–475 °C, quench in cold water and age.
What surface finishes work on V96?
Anodize (sulphuric or hard) or chromate-free conversion coat plus primer is essentially mandatory; shot peening improves SCC and fatigue life.
V96 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| Znprincipal strengthening addition | 8 – 9 | 8.5 |
| Mg | 2.3 – 3 | 2.6 |
| Cu | 2 – 2.6 | 2.3 |
| Crgrain-structure control (Zr 0.10–0.20 in the В96ц/В96ц1 variants instead) | 0.1 – 0.25 | 0.16 |
| Mn | ≤ 0.3 | 0.1 |
| Feimpurity | ≤ 0.4 | — |
| Siimpurity | ≤ 0.3 | — |
| Ti | ≤ 0.05 | — |
| Al | balance | — |
V96-T1 — frequently asked
What is V96-T1 used for?
V96-T1 is typically used for high-load aircraft structural parts, aerospace forgings, wing spar and frame forgings, highly loaded brackets and lugs, machined fittings for high-load joints and thick plate for machined structure. In short: ultra-high-strength 7000 series; stronger than V95/7075; low ductility and corrosion resistance.
What is the yield strength of V96-T1?
V96-T1 has a typical yield strength of 620 MPa (89.9 ksi) and a tensile strength of 660 MPa (95.7 ksi) — stronger than 99% of aluminum grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 5 listed tempers.
Is V96-T1 easy to machine?
Yes — machinability is rated very good (72/100, better than 80% of aluminum grades). Machines well in Т1/Т2 with sharp carbide tools, high speed and flood coolant; avoid heavy residual stress by rough-machining before final ageing.
Can V96-T1 be welded?
Not readily — weldability is rated poor (15/100). Not fusion weldable for structural use (hot cracking, loss of temper); join by riveting, bolting or friction stir welding with post-weld ageing.
What surface finishes work on V96-T1?
Anodize (sulphuric or hard) or chromate-free conversion coat plus primer is essentially mandatory; shot peening improves SCC and fatigue life.
Can V96-T1 be formed, bent or molded?
Form in M or freshly quenched W condition only; hot forge at 380–440 °C, then solution treat 465–475 °C, quench in cold water and age.
What is the maximum service temperature of V96-T1?
V96-T1 is rated for continuous use to about 120°C (248 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between V96-T1 and V96-M?
T1 is the default condition — standard aerospace supply condition — maximum strength for statically loaded high-stress forgings and extrusions. M: softest condition for deep forming, straightening or heavy machining before heat treatment. Yield strength is 620 MPa in T1 versus 140 MPa in M.
Sources
- GOST 4784 — Aluminium and wrought aluminium alloys, grades — Gosstandart / Rosstandart (2019)
- Промышленные алюминиевые сплавы (Industrial Aluminium Alloys) — справочник — Metallurgiya (1984)
- ASM Handbook Vol. 2: Properties and Selection — Nonferrous Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- MMPDS-18 (7049/7050/7178 comparison data) — Battelle / FAA (2023)
- ASM Handbook Vol. 13B: Corrosion — Materials (7000 series SCC behaviour) — ASM International (2005)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.