Aluminum 7095-T77
Temper
AA 7095 · UNS A97095
T77 = retrogression and re-aged (three-step) temper
Highest strength with T76-level corrosion behaviour; used for premium wing/fuselage parts.
Values for the T77 condition
Other 7095 tempers and conditions
7095 is listed in 12 conditions; see the grade overview at 7095.
Compare all 12 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Annealed | Softest condition, supplied for deep forming or machining before re-solution treatment. | 115 | 240 | 16 | 62 HB | 44 % IACS |
As fabricated | Mill stock delivered without controlled heat treatment; only for further processing. | 250 | 380 | 12 | 110 HB | 38 % IACS |
Solution heat treated (unstable) | Temporary soft condition immediately after quench, used for forming/riveting before aging. | 260 | 430 | 18 | 105 HB | 27 % IACS |
T73, stress relieved by stretching | Low-distortion thick plate for parts machined from solid where SCC resistance is critical. | 570 | 620 | 12 | 163 HB | 40 % IACS |
Solution heat treated and overaged for stress-corrosion resistance | Choose when stress-corrosion cracking in short-transverse direction governs design. | 575 | 625 | 12 | 165 HB | 39 % IACS |
T74, stress relieved by stretching | Preferred thick-plate temper for lower-wing / fuselage panels where damage tolerance matters. | 610 | 655 | 11 | 174 HB | 38 % IACS |
Overaged between T73 and T76 | Balanced temper for thick forgings needing both high strength and good SCC resistance. | 615 | 660 | 11 | 175 HB | 37 % IACS |
T76, stress relieved by stretching | Upper-wing-skin type plate: near-peak strength with acceptable exfoliation resistance. | 638 | 675 | 10 | 181 HB | 36 % IACS |
Overaged for exfoliation-corrosion resistance | Thin sections and extrusions needing exfoliation resistance with only modest strength loss. | 640 | 680 | 10 | 182 HB | 36 % IACS |
T77This page Retrogression and re-aged (three-step) temper | Highest strength with T76-level corrosion behaviour; used for premium wing/fuselage parts. | 662 | 700 | 10 | 188 HB | 35 % IACS |
T651Default T6, stress relieved by stretching | Standard peak-aged, low-residual-stress plate condition for machined thick aerospace structure. | 675 | 710 | 10 | 190 HB | 31 % IACS |
Solution heat treated and artificially aged | Maximum static strength for forgings and extrusions where SCC exposure is controlled. | 685 | 720 | 9 | 195 HB | 30 % IACS |
What is 7095-T77?
7095-T77 is 7095 in the T77 temper — highest strength with T76-level corrosion behaviour; used for premium wing/fuselage parts. 7095-T77 has a yield strength of 662 MPa (96 ksi) and a tensile strength of 700 MPa (102 ksi) — stronger than 100% of aluminum grades. Elongation at break is 10% and the elastic modulus is 71.5 GPa (10.4 Msi). 7095-T77 has a density of 2.86 g/cm³ (0.103 lb/in³), heavier than 97% of aluminum grades. It melts at 470°C (878 °F). T651 is the default condition FabDigit quotes; T77 is available on request or by drawing note.
Advantages
- High strength — 662 MPa (96 ksi), better than 100% of aluminum grades
- Tough — resists crack growth — 32 MPa·√m (29.1 ksi·√in), better than 83% of aluminum grades
Limitations
- Difficult to weld — 15/100, worse than 96% of aluminum grades
- Limited service temperature — 120°C (248 °F), worse than 79% of aluminum grades
7095-T77 properties
Typical room-temperature values for 7095-T77; 22 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are 7095 reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among aluminum grades.
Physical3
7095-T77 has a density of 2.86 g/cm³ (0.103 lb/in³), heavier than 97% of aluminum grades. It melts at 470°C (878 °F).
Mechanical14
7095-T77 has a yield strength of 662 MPa (96 ksi) and a tensile strength of 700 MPa (102 ksi) — stronger than 100% of aluminum grades. Elongation at break is 10% and the elastic modulus is 71.5 GPa (10.4 Msi).
Thermal6
7095-T77 is rated for continuous service to 120°C (248 °F). It conducts heat at 150 W/m·K (86.7 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 58% of aluminum grades. Thermal expansion is 23.4 µm/m·K (13 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
7095-T77 conducts electricity at 35 % IACS, better than 52% of aluminum grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is fair (45/100), worse than 62% of aluminum grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of 7095-T77 takes about 215 MJ of energy and emits 13 kg of CO₂ — more than 93% of aluminum grades. Typical recycled content is 5%.
Manufacturability8
7095-T77's machinability is good (68/100, better than 67% of aluminum grades); weldability poor (15/100); formability poor (20/100).
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with 7095-T77
Is 7095 easy to machine?
Machines well in T6/T7x with sharp carbide tooling, high speed and flood coolant; chips are short and residual-stress distortion is small in stress-relieved 51 tempers.
Can 7095 be welded?
Not fusion weldable (hot cracking, loss of temper); join by riveting, bolting or friction stir welding with post-weld property knock-down accounted for.
Can 7095 be formed, bent or molded?
Form in O or freshly quenched W condition then age; peak-aged plate tolerates only large-radius bending and gentle stretch forming.
What surface finishes work on 7095?
Chromic/sulphuric anodize, hard anodize or Alodine + epoxy primer for corrosion protection; shot peening is common to improve fatigue and SCC life.
7095 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| Znhigh Zn enabled by spray forming (no macrosegregation) | 7.6 – 8.8 | 8.2 |
| Mg | 1.6 – 2.2 | 1.9 |
| Cu | 1.6 – 2.2 | 1.9 |
| Zrgrain-structure control (Al3Zr dispersoids) | 0.05 – 0.15 | 0.11 |
| Felow-Fe for toughness | ≤ 0.12 | 0.06 |
| Si | ≤ 0.1 | 0.05 |
| Mn | ≤ 0.05 | — |
| Cr | ≤ 0.04 | — |
| Ti | ≤ 0.06 | — |
| Others (each)total 0.15 max | ≤ 0.05 | — |
| Al | balance | — |
7095-T77 — frequently asked
What is 7095-T77 used for?
7095-T77 is typically used for commercial aircraft wing skins, fuselage panels and high-strength thick plate. In short: highest-strength 7000-series plate; spray-formed aerospace grade; not fusion weldable.
What is the yield strength of 7095-T77?
7095-T77 has a typical yield strength of 662 MPa (96 ksi) and a tensile strength of 700 MPa (102 ksi) — stronger than 100% of aluminum grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 12 listed tempers.
Is 7095-T77 easy to machine?
Reasonably — machinability is rated good (68/100, better than 67% of aluminum grades). Machines well in T6/T7x with sharp carbide tooling, high speed and flood coolant; chips are short and residual-stress distortion is small in stress-relieved 51 tempers.
Can 7095-T77 be welded?
Not readily — weldability is rated poor (15/100). Not fusion weldable (hot cracking, loss of temper); join by riveting, bolting or friction stir welding with post-weld property knock-down accounted for.
What surface finishes work on 7095-T77?
Chromic/sulphuric anodize, hard anodize or Alodine + epoxy primer for corrosion protection; shot peening is common to improve fatigue and SCC life.
Can 7095-T77 be formed, bent or molded?
Form in O or freshly quenched W condition then age; peak-aged plate tolerates only large-radius bending and gentle stretch forming.
What is the maximum service temperature of 7095-T77?
7095-T77 is rated for continuous use to about 120°C (248 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between 7095-T651 and 7095-O?
T651 is the default condition — standard peak-aged, low-residual-stress plate condition for machined thick aerospace structure. O: softest condition, supplied for deep forming or machining before re-solution treatment. Yield strength is 675 MPa in T651 versus 115 MPa in O.
Sources
- International Alloy Designations and Chemical Composition Limits for Wrought Aluminum (Teal Sheets) — The Aluminum Association (2018)
- ASM Handbook Vol.2 — Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys and Special-Purpose Materials — ASM International (1990)
- ASM Handbook Vol.13B — Corrosion: Materials — ASM International (2005)
- MMPDS-17 (Metallic Materials Properties Development and Standardization) 7000-series plate typical values — Battelle/FAA (2022)
- Spray Forming of High-Strength Aluminium Alloys — process and property overview — Woodhead / Elsevier (2011)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.