Steel 45 Permalloy 1/2H
Supply condition
1/2H = half hard
Compromise temper for parts that need some stiffness/handling strength yet still bend without cracking.
Values for the 1/2H condition
Other 45 Permalloy tempers and conditions
45 Permalloy is listed in 7 conditions; see the grade overview at 45 Permalloy.
Compare all 7 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Magnetic (final) anneal | Choose for finished cores/shields: gives maximum permeability and lowest coercivity, but parts become soft and stress-sensitive and cannot be reworked. | 170 | 470 | 45 | 105 HB | 3.8 % IACS |
annealed and cooled in a longitudinal/transverse field (loop shaping) | Pick when a squared (Z-type) or flattened (F-type) B-H loop is needed, e.g. magnetic amplifiers, saturable reactors and pulse cores. | 170 | 470 | 45 | 105 HB | 3.8 % IACS |
ANNDefault Annealed | Standard stocked soft condition: formable and machinable, magnetic properties still to be developed by the customer's final anneal. | 210 | 520 | 40 | 125 HB | 3.8 % IACS |
Hot rolled | Semi-finished heavy sections for further machining; scale must be removed and a full magnetic anneal applied afterwards. | 250 | 540 | 35 | 135 HB | 3.8 % IACS |
1/2HThis page Half hard | Compromise temper for parts that need some stiffness/handling strength yet still bend without cracking. | 560 | 720 | 10 | 17 HRC | 3.8 % IACS |
Cold drawn | Use for machined cores, pole pieces and relay armatures where straightness, tolerance and strength are wanted before the final anneal. | 600 | 760 | 15 | 20 HRC | 3.8 % IACS |
Cold rolled | Supplied hard for springy stampings, shims and for customers who stamp then anneal the finished part. | 800 | 950 | 3 | 28 HRC | 3.7 % IACS |
What is 45 Permalloy 1/2H?
45 Permalloy 1/2H is 45 Permalloy supplied in the 1/2H condition — compromise temper for parts that need some stiffness/handling strength yet still bend without cracking. 45 Permalloy 1/2H has a yield strength of 560 MPa (81.2 ksi) and a tensile strength of 720 MPa (104 ksi) — stronger than 73% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 10% and the elastic modulus is 152 GPa (22 Msi). 45 Permalloy 1/2H has a density of 8.17 g/cm³ (0.295 lb/in³), heavier than 98% of steel grades. It melts at 1,425°C (2,597 °F). ANN is the default condition FabDigit quotes; 1/2H is available on request or by drawing note.
Advantages
- Good corrosion resistance — 32/100, better than 96% of steel grades
- Polishes to a fine finish — 70/100, better than 87% of steel grades
Limitations
- Poor heat conductor — 13.5 W/m·K (7.8 BTU/hr·ft·°F), worse than 99% of steel grades
- High embodied carbon — 7.5 kg CO₂/kg, worse than 99% of steel grades
- Low stiffness — 152 GPa (22 Msi), worse than 98% of steel grades
- Limited ductility — 10%, worse than 91% of steel grades
- Low electrical conductivity — 3.8 % IACS, worse than 84% of steel grades
45 Permalloy 1/2H properties
Typical room-temperature values for 45 Permalloy 1/2H; 21 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are 45 Permalloy reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among steel grades.
Physical3
45 Permalloy 1/2H has a density of 8.17 g/cm³ (0.295 lb/in³), heavier than 98% of steel grades. It melts at 1,425°C (2,597 °F).
Mechanical14
45 Permalloy 1/2H has a yield strength of 560 MPa (81.2 ksi) and a tensile strength of 720 MPa (104 ksi) — stronger than 73% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 10% and the elastic modulus is 152 GPa (22 Msi).
Thermal6
45 Permalloy 1/2H is rated for continuous service to 300°C (572 °F). It conducts heat at 13.5 W/m·K (7.8 BTU/hr·ft·°F), worse than 99% of steel grades. Thermal expansion is 8.5 µm/m·K (4.72 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
45 Permalloy 1/2H conducts electricity at 3.8 % IACS, worse than 84% of steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is poor (32/100), better than 96% of steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of 45 Permalloy 1/2H takes about 90 MJ of energy and emits 7.5 kg of CO₂ — more than 98% of steel grades. Typical recycled content is 20%.
Manufacturability7
45 Permalloy 1/2H's machinability is fair (40/100, worse than 77% of steel grades); weldability fair (50/100); formability fair (45/100).
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with 45 Permalloy 1/2H
Is 45 Permalloy easy to machine?
Gummy and work-hardening — use sharp positive-rake carbide, heavy feed, low-to-moderate speed and flood coolant; leave a finish anneal after machining to restore magnetics.
Can 45 Permalloy be welded?
TIG, laser and resistance welding are fine with matching Ni-Fe filler and low heat input, but the weld and HAZ lose permeability until the assembly is re-annealed in hydrogen.
Can 45 Permalloy be formed, bent or molded?
Annealed strip stamps, deep-draws and bends readily; avoid residual stress and never straighten a finished core, then hydrogen anneal parts on flat ceramic supports.
What surface finishes work on 45 Permalloy?
No anodising; protect with nickel or tin plating, chromate-free lacquer or an epoxy-coated shielding can, and handle annealed shields gently to preserve magnetic performance.
45 Permalloy chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| Ni45-type; the 1J50 / Alloy 48–50 sub-grades run 47–51 % Ni for higher Bs | 45 – 46.5 | 45.5 |
| Mndeoxidiser/sulphur control | 0.3 – 0.6 | 0.45 |
| Si | 0.15 – 0.3 | 0.2 |
| Ckept low for magnetic softness | ≤ 0.03 | 0.02 |
| S | ≤ 0.02 | 0.01 |
| P | ≤ 0.02 | 0.01 |
| Cu | ≤ 0.2 | 0.05 |
| Febalance, vacuum induction melted | balance | — |
45 Permalloy 1/2H — frequently asked
What is 45 Permalloy 1/2H used for?
45 Permalloy 1/2H is typically used for small transformer laminations, relay cores, current transformer cores and magnetic amplifiers. In short: higher-induction permalloy grade; balances permeability and flux; needs final hydrogen anneal.
What is the yield strength of 45 Permalloy 1/2H?
45 Permalloy 1/2H has a typical yield strength of 560 MPa (81.2 ksi) and a tensile strength of 720 MPa (104 ksi) — stronger than 73% of steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 7 listed tempers.
Is 45 Permalloy 1/2H easy to machine?
Not especially — machinability is rated fair (40/100, worse than 77% of steel grades). Gummy and work-hardening — use sharp positive-rake carbide, heavy feed, low-to-moderate speed and flood coolant; leave a finish anneal after machining to restore magnetics.
Can 45 Permalloy 1/2H be welded?
With care — weldability is rated fair (50/100). TIG, laser and resistance welding are fine with matching Ni-Fe filler and low heat input, but the weld and HAZ lose permeability until the assembly is re-annealed in hydrogen.
What surface finishes work on 45 Permalloy 1/2H?
No anodising; protect with nickel or tin plating, chromate-free lacquer or an epoxy-coated shielding can, and handle annealed shields gently to preserve magnetic performance.
Can 45 Permalloy 1/2H be formed, bent or molded?
Annealed strip stamps, deep-draws and bends readily; avoid residual stress and never straighten a finished core, then hydrogen anneal parts on flat ceramic supports.
What is the maximum service temperature of 45 Permalloy 1/2H?
45 Permalloy 1/2H is rated for continuous use to about 300°C (572 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between 45 Permalloy-ANN and 45 Permalloy-CR?
ANN is the default condition — standard stocked soft condition: formable and machinable, magnetic properties still to be developed by the customer's final anneal. CR: supplied hard for springy stampings, shims and for customers who stamp then anneal the finished part. Yield strength is 210 MPa in ANN versus 800 MPa in CR.
Sources
- ASM Handbook Vol.2 — Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys and Special-Purpose Materials (Magnetically Soft Materials) — ASM International (1990)
- Soft magnetic Ni-Fe alloy (48–50 % Ni) strip datasheet — VACUUMSCHMELZE / Carpenter-type producer literature (2020)
- ASTM A753 — Standard Specification for Wrought Nickel-Iron Soft Magnetic Alloys (Type 2) — ASTM International (2019)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.